Практический курс английского языка 2 курс. Ключи - [45]

thinking over some plan .11. Next year he will have been living] in Russia for ten years. 12. She said she would send a telegram if she didnt hear from home. 13. I hear she has fallen ill and is in hospital now. What hospital has she been taken to? 14. This elderly woman with a kindly face and grey hair is the head physician of the hospital. Ive heard a lot about her, she is well spoken of. 15. What a pity that the doctor has left. I didnt ask/ havent asked him when I should take/havent asked when to take the pills. 16. Youll see, in a moment shell be telling us about her diseases, visits to the doctor and suchlike.

Ex. 14, p. 442

The landlady brought the tea. I didnt want anything, but Ted made me eat some ham. Then I sat at the window. I did not look round when the landlady came up to clear away, I did not want anyone to speak to me. Ted was reading a book; at least he was pretending to, but he did not turn the page, and I saw the tears dropping on it. I kept on looking out of the window. It was the end of June, and the days were long. I was looking at the people going in and out of the public-house and the trams going up and down. I

The Indicative Mood (Units 1—3) 123

fftougAf theday would never come to an end; then all of a sudden I noticed that it was night. All the lamps were/had been lit.

"Why dont you light the gas?" I said to Ted. "Its no good sitting in the dark."

He lit the gas. I dont know what had come/came over me. I felt that if I went on sitting in that room, I would go mad. I wanted to go somewhere where there were lights and people.

Ex. 15, p. 443

Comments

1. The Past Indefinite (looked) is used to express a single action in the past, and the Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive (has been happening) serves to express an action of some duration which began in the past and stopped shortly before the moment of speaking. 2. The Past Indefinite (made) is used to state a simple fact in the past, and the Present Perfect Durative (Exclusive) (have been) serves to express an action which began before the moment of speaking and continues into it. This grammatical meaning is mostly conveyed by means of the Present Perfect Continuous, but with verbs which are not normally used in Continuous forms, such as the verb to be, the Present Perfect Durative is found instead. 3. The Present Indefinite (think and am) is used to express actions in progress at the moment of speaking with the verb to think which is non-progressive when it means to suppose, to consider, to believe, etc. and with the verb to be which in most cases does not admit of Continuous forms either. The Present Continuous (is wondering) is used to express an action going on at the moment of speaking. 4. The Past Indefinite (woke up and said) is used to denote a succession of past actions. The Present Perfect Resultative (Exclusive) (Have I been asleep?) expresses an action that began in the past, continued for some time and has j ust stopped. 5. The Present Indefinite expresses an action in progress at the moment of speaking with the verb hope which is mostly used as a non-progressive one, unless the speaker wants to sound very emphatic. The Present Perfect Resultative (Exclusive) (havent disturbed) is used to denote a past action connected with the present through its result. The Past Indefinite (werent asleep, were you?) is used because the action took place during a finished period of time. 6. The Present Perfect Resultative (have grown) is used because the past action in question is connected with the present through its results (has

124 Grammar Exercises

clear consequences in the present). The Past Indefinite is used Ц denote a single past action (said) and to state a simple past facl (to denote a past state) (was). The Past Perfect (had changed) il used to denote a prior action (an action that was completed bef orJ the given moment in the past). 7. The Present Indefinite (is) a used to state a simple fact in the present (to denote a presenj state). The Present Perfect Continuous (have been keeping) serve] to express an action of some duration which stopped just beforf the moment of speaking (an action which began before thi moment of speaking, continued for some time and stopped shortlj before the speaker mentioned it). 8. The Past Indefinite (lovedX is used to express a simple fact in the past. The structure used td feed expresses a habitual action in the past. So does the for3 would*Infinitive (would ring and would come). The onl3 difference between the two is that the latter conveys an additional modal colouring of will or perseverance. 9. The Past Continuous (was calling) is used to express an action in progress at the give* moment in the past, and the Past Perfect (had dropped) serves trf express a prior action. 10. The Present Indefinite (speak and do] is used to denote a habitual action in the present. 11. The Pasi Indefinite is used to denote a succession of past actions. 12. Thi Past Indefinite (said) is used to state a simple past fact (to deno^ a single past action). In What did you say? the Past Indefinite " used rather than the Present Perfect because the time when th action took place is definite in the minds of both the speaker an listener, that is they know when the words were uttered an regard that moment as a finished period of time. 13. The Рая Indefinite is used in the when-cl&nse (left) and in the princip-clause (asked) because the past action in the principal claus follows shortly after the past action of the шЛеп-clause. The Pas Perfect Continuous (had been telling) is used in the relativ subordinate clause to denote a prior action of some duration tha continued up to the given moment in past. 14. The Present Indefinite (Do you know?) is used to denote a present state, and the Future Indefinite (will be out) serves to express a future state. The Past Indefinite (looked out and was) is used to state simple past facts.