Практический курс английского языка 2 курс - [8]
work on time? — It depends.
NOTES ON SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
1. Synonyms are words expressing the same notion, but differing by certain additional
characteristics. E.g. to look, to stare and to gaze express the same notion of turning one's eyes on
something or somebody, but stare and gaze differ by their emotional colourings (see item 1 of
Vocabulary Notes) whereas look describes the notion generally, without any additional
characteristics. Such a general word in the group of synonyms is called the synonymic dominant.
To glance is another synonym of this group which differs from the rest of them by duration: it
means looking at something briefly, passingly, a moment only.
2. Antonyms are words with contrasted meanings. E. g. different — alike; convenient —
inconvenient; love — hate; up — down.
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)
Words
chorus n, υ
differ υ
join υ
comfort n, υ
difference n
look n, υ
comfortable adj
different adj
rest n, υ
convenience n
gaze n, υ
run υ
convenient adj
headmistress n
stare n, υ
depend υ
unite υ
Word Combinations
to fix one's eyes on/upon smb.
to keep an eye on smb.
to feel helpless
to give (send) a message
to give a smile (a nod, a look, etc.)
to turn one's eyes (gaze)
to bear (to have) a strong
upon smb./smth.
resemblance to
to run across
to motion to smb.
to run into
to give out (pencils, leaflets, readers,
to run over
workcards, sets of material, etc.)
to shout smb. down
to call the register (the roll)
to abandon hope
EXERCISES
I. Read the test and talk on the following points (A. Grammar, B. Word usage):
A. 1. Why is the Present Perfect used in "... as soon as you've called the register"? 2. Why is
the Past Perfect Continuous used in "... who had been crossing and uncrossing his eyes in an ugly
manner ..."? 3. Why is the Present Indefinite used in "... till you join us"? and in "If there's anything
that puzzles you ..."? 4. Tick off all the sentences with the oblique moods. Translate them.
B. Pick out all the words and phrases describing the children's actions.
II. Read the following words with silent t, p, gh. Memorize them:
hasten, fasten, listen, Christmas, castle, whistle, jostle, nestle, wrestle; cupboard, pneumonia,
psychology, raspberry; neighbour, nightingale, straight, naughty, high, height, through, sigh.
III. a) Write the Past Indefinite and Past Participle of the verbs:
grow, creep, bear, break, keep, think, leap, mean, fall, find, feel, say, cling, hear, meet, run,
show;
b) the Past Indefinite and Present Participle of the verbs:
differ, prefer, murmur, appear, occur, recover, remember, chatter, refer, stir, water, fear, offer,
drag, wag, plan, chat, slip, beg.
IV. Find nouns related to the verbs below. Pay special attention to the spelling
of the suffix -ence/-ance. Place them in two columns:
depend, differ, exist, accept, resemble, attend, perform, insist, occur.
V. What nouns are these adjectives derived from? What is the meaning of the
suffixes -еd, -у? Translate the adjectives:
a) freckled, nosed, haired, winged, homed, bearded, feathered;
b) watery, skinny, grassy, silky, bony, branchy, wavy, stony.
VI. Answer these questions:
1. How was Anne introduced to her class? 2. What did she feel at that moment? What words
does the author choose to describe her feelings? 3. What instructions did the headmistress give to the
young teacher? What do you think of them? 4. Why did Anne "look with fresh interest at Arnold?"
Describe Arnold's appearance and behaviour. 5. How did the other children behave in Miss
Enderby's presence? (Find words describing their behaviour.) 6. Why do you think "there came a
faint sigh of relief" after Miss Enderby left the classroom? Describe the children's behaviour after
she left. 7. What advice given her at college did Anne remember? Did she follow the advice? What
was the result? Why did the children behave like that? 8. How did Anne restore the order? Do you
think it was the only way out? 9. Comment on the words: "Anne's self-esteem crept back".
VII. Comment on the meaning of the prepositions for, in, with in the sentences
below:
A. 1. ... you are very, very lucky this term to have Miss Lacey for your new teacher. 2. They
chose him for their leader. 3. Must you have George for a master — here, and our mother for a
school-mistress? 4. I still want you for my wife.
B. 1. "Perhaps you could say 'Good morning' to your new teacher?" suggested Miss Enderby
in an imperative tone. 2. "Good morning, children," responded Anne in a voice which bore no
resemblance to her own. 3. They conversed in a whisper.
C. 1. They gazed back in some bewilderment. 2. If a man is in grief, who cheers him; in
trouble, who consoles him; in wrath, who soothes him; in joy, who makes him double happy; in
prosperity, who rejoices; in disgrace, who backs him against the world? Who but woman?
D. 1. Anne looked with fresh interest at Arnold. 2. Anne watched this change with some
dismay. 3. With a nervous start Anne hastened forward to the door. 4. She remembered
