Английский язык для судовых электромехаников - [37]
18 3
Fulfil the following:
1. Name as many advantages of the alarm measuring system as possible.
2. Describe the construction of the alarm system.
3. Name the modules of the alarm measuring system.
4
19
Record your answers on a tape.
1. What are the electronic and alarm measuring systems designed for?
2. What standard modules does the electronic alarm system comprise?
3. What are modules provided with?
20 5
Dwell with your fellow-student on the electronic alarm system. Use ex. 16, 17, 18, 19. Then record your talk on a tape.
21 9
Practice pronunciation. Open your books and repeat after the speaker in pauses 4 paragraphs of the recorded text "Alarm Measuring System". Then close your books and do the same with paragraphs 5, 6.
22 6
Listen to the text about convertors. Ask each other questions covering the text. Use Fig. 6.
Presentation. The convertors in dc drive systems are designed to control and supply separately-excited dc machines in applications that demand rapid response, high accuracy and great reliability.
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convertor
Fig. 6:
и — single convertor; b — double
The convertors are available with single-convertor arrangement and in double-convertor arrangement,
Single convertors. In a single convertor the thyristor's are arranged in a six-pulse two-way circuit (see Fig. 6,a).
A single convertor can supply current in one direction only, but its output voltage can change polarity. This determines the rotation and torque direction characteristics of the machine, as illustrated in Fig. 6,a.
The single convertor can operate in the first and fourth quadrants. The direction of torque can only be changed by reversing the field current of the machine.
Double convertors. In a double convertor there are two sets of thyristors connected in antiparallel (see Fig. 6,b). Both current and voltage can change sign, and the machine can be braked and reversed without additional equipment; this is known as four-quadrant drive.
23 4
- What is wrong with the computer?
An Electronic Computer
As you know, electronic computers can solve intricate mathematical problems, answer complicated questions, translate articles into a foreign language and what not!
One day Field Marshal Montgomery was given a computer. That unexpected help from the War Office greatly pleased him. It took him about 10 minutes to set the problem. It went something like this: — “The enemy has just opened fire from the South. 12 German tanks have just been sighted on top of the hill in front of our lines.. . Two German planes have been shot down...” And finally came the question: — “Should I attack or withdraw?”
At last came the answer: “Yes”. — “Yes, what?!”
Half an hour later came the next answer: — “Yes, Sir”.
24 7
Listen carefully to the recorded texts. Choose a suitable title for each of them. Give reasons for your choice. Speak on some of the details of automatic control that you know and that are provided by the texts.
A
An automatic control system is defined as one “in which the value of a controlled condition is compared with a desired value and corrective motion is taken dependent on the deviation, without the inclusion of a human element in the closed loop formed by the comparing and correcting chains of elements”.
An automation control system thus includes: the plant, the detecting or sensing element, the measuring or indicating element, the controller.
В
Automatic control is now recognized by all industrial organizations as being an essential aid to efficient plant operation. The widespread use of automation control in these industries provides the most convincing proof that it is profitable investment.
The advantages from the application of automatic controls in ships are: a) improved conditions for the seagoing staff by transferring much of the “donkey work” from manual operation to automatic operation;
b) savings due to more efficient use of seagoing staff by transfer from watchkeeping to day work; c) saving in maintenance costs.
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f) Заказ № 8f>!
The fourth class period 25
Listen to paragraphs 1—4, read sentence by sentence and translate them orally in pauses.
26 8
Respond to the questions. Compare the results with the text.
1. What are the electronic and alarm measuring systems designed for?
2. What are in your opinion advantages of the electronic alarm system?
3. How can you tell when there is the occurrence of abnormal conditions?
4. What is the design of the standard modules?
27 6
Dwell on the alarm measuring systems with your fellow-student.
28 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The signals from analog and digital . . . are processed in the system.
2. If necessary, the system . . . can easily be modified by the customer.
3. The electronic and alarm measuring systems are designed for centralized ... of processes on board ship.
29 3
Using the notes below speak on the advantages оГ the electronic alarm system.
1. all, transducer, signal, to process, individual, one, circuit board, measure, alarm, channel. 2. one, channel, fail, rest, system, remain, uneffected. 3. necessary, system, layout, easy, modify, customer, move, transducer, connection, correspond, circuit board, transparent, legend plate, to need, take, program, consideration. 4. channel, equip, separate, lamp, alarm, indication, mimic, analog, instrument, presentation, to measure, value.
