Толкование коносаментов в международной торговле: учебное пособие для студентов бакалавриата, магистратуры и специалитета - [21]

3.2.2 Compensation shall not, however, exceed two Special Drawing Rights per kilogramme of gross weight of the goods lost or damaged.

3.2.3 Higher compensation may be claimed only when, with the consent of the Carrier, the value of the goods declared by the Shipper which exceeds the limits laid down in this clause has been stated on the face of this Bill of Lading at the place indicated. In that case the amount of the declared value shall be substituted for that limit.

3.3 Special Provisions for Liability and Compensation

3.3.1 Notwithstanding anything provided for in Clauses 9 and 10 of this Bill of Lading, if it can be proved where the loss or damage occurred, the Carrier and the Merchant shall, as to the liability of the Carrier, be entitled to require such liability to be determined by the provisions contained in any international convention or national law, whose provisions:

(a) cannot be departed from by private contract, to the detriment of the claimant, and

(b) would have applied if the Merchant had made a separate and direct contract with the Carrier in respect of the particular stage of transport where the loss or damage occurred and received as evidence thereof any particular document which must be issued if such international convention or national law shall apply.

3.3.2 Insofar as there is no mandatory law applying to carriage by sea by virtue of the provisions of sub-clause 11 (1), the liability of the Carrier in respect of any carriage by sea shall be determined by the International Brussels Convention 1924 as amended by the Protocol signed at Brussels on February 23^rd 1968 – the Hague/Visby Rules.

The Hague/Visby Rules shall also determine the liability of the Carrier in respect of carriage by inland waterways as if such carriage were carriage by sea. Furthermore, they shall apply to all goods, whether carried on deck or under deck.

3.4 Delay, Consequential loss, etc.

If the Carrier is held liable in respect of delay, consequential loss or damage other than loss of or damage to the goods, the liability of the Carrier shall be limited to the freight for the transport covered by this Bill of lading, or to the value of the goods as determined in Clause 10, whichever is the lesser.

3.5 Notice of Loss of or Damage to the Goods

3.5.1 Unless notice of loss of or damage to the goods, specifying the general nature of such loss or damage, is given in writing by the Merchant to the Carrier when the goods are handed over to the Merchant, such handing over is prima facie evidence of the Delivery by the Carrier of the goods as described in this Bill of Lading.

3.5.2 Where the loss or damage is not apparent, the same prima facie effect shall apply if notice in writing is not given within three (3) consecutive days after the day when the goods were handed over to the Merchant.

3.6 Defences and Limits for the Carrier, Servants, etc.

3.6.1 The defences and limits of liability provided for in this Bill of Lading shall apply in any action against the Carrier for loss or damage to the goods whether the action can be founded in contract or in tort.

3.6.2 The Carrier shall not be entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability provided for in sub-clause 10 (3), if it is proved that the loss or damage resulted from a personal act or omission of the Carrier done recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result.

3.6.3 The Merchant undertakes that no claim shall be made against any servant, agent or other persons whose services the Carrier has used in order to perform this Contract, and if any claim should nevertheless be made, to indemnify the Carrier against all consequences thereof.

3.6.4 In entering into this Contract, the Carrier, to the extent of such provisions, does so not only on his own behalf but also as agent or trustee for such persons. The aggregate liability of the Carrier and such persons shall not exceed the limits in Clauses 10, 11, and 24, respectively.

B.1 Active word-list

B.2 Remember these useful words and phrases:

C. Exercises

1. Translate these phrases into English using the texts if necessary.

1. утрата или повреждение груза происходит в период времени

2. чьими услугами он пользуется для исполнения договора

3. перевозчик освобождается от ответственности за любой убыток или ущерб

4. убыток возник из неправомерного действия или халатности торговца

5. в случае если товар, в силу своего характера, может понести потери

6. обращение с товаром, погрузка, укладка осуществляется торговцем или от его имени

7. любое событие, которого Перевозчик не мог избежать, и последствия которого не мог предотвратить, действуя с разумной заботливостью

8. только в той степени, в которой эти факторы способствовали убытку или ущербу

9. если Перевозчик установит, что убыток или ущерб могли быть вызваны какой-то причиной, следует предположить, что так оно и было.

10. компенсация рассчитывается исходя из стоимости данного груза

11. стоимость товара устанавливается в соответствии с ценой товарной биржи

12. два СДР за килограмм веса брутто утерянного или поврежденного груза