Сверхчеловек [заметки]

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Дилан Томас (1914–1953) — английский поэт.

Вероятно, отсылка к мультфильму Moby Dick and the Mighty Mightor (1967–1969). Главный герой мультфильма — пещерный человек Тор, у которого есть прирученный динозавр Тог. Однажды персонажам удается спасти пожилого отшельника, и он в знак благодарности передает им дубинку, обладающую волшебными свойствами. С ее помощью Тор становится необычайно сильным и смелым, обретая при этом новое имя Майтор (Mightor — от англ. might, то есть «мощь», «сила»), а Тог превращается в огнедышащего дракона. С этого момента они вместе решают посвятить себя неустанной борьбе со злом.

Фрэнсис Бэкон (1561–1626) — английский философ, политический деятель, писатель.

Парацельс (1493–1541) — врач, философ эпохи Возрождения.

Тихо Браге (1546–1601) — датский астроном эпохи Возрождения.

Роберт Бойль (1627–1691) — английский химик и физик.

Эспри Д. Биохакинг мозга. Проверенный план прокачки вашего мозга за две недели. М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2017. Прим. ред.

Органелла, или органоид, — структура, которая находится внутри клетки и выполняет определенную функцию.

E. Giovannucci et al. Diabetes and Cancer: A Consensus Report. — Diabetes Care 33. № 7 (2010): 1674–1685. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0666.

Ch. Holscher. Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Insulin Signalling Impairment in the Brain as an Alternative Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. — Biochemical Society Transactions 39. № 4 (August 2011): 891–897. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST0390891.

Kr. Bhaskaran et al. Body-Mass Index and Risk of 22 Specific Cancers: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 5·24 Million UK Adults. — The Lancet 384. № 9945 (August 30, 2014): 755–765; K. Brown et al. The Fraction of Cancer Attributable to Modifiable Risk Factors in England. — Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom in 2015. — British Journal of Cancer 118. № 8 (April 2018): 1130–1141.

Ch. J. Murray, M. Ng, A. Mokdad. The Vast Majority of American Adults Are Overweight or Obese, and Weight Is a Growing Problem Among US Children. — Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). May 28, 2014. http://www.healthdata.org/news-release/vast-majority-american-adults-are-overweight-or-obese-and-weight-growing-problem-among.

Тиреоидные гормоны вырабатываются щитовидной железой.

Inflammatory Hypothesis Confirmed: Reducing Inflammation Without Lowering Cholesterol Cuts Risk of Cardiovascular Events. Health Canal. August 27, 2017. https://www.healthcanal.com/blood-heart-circulation/heart-disease/240113-inflammatory-hypothesis-confirmed-reducing-inflammation-without-lowering-cholesterol-cuts-risk-cardiovascular-events.html.

University of Colorado at Boulder. Fountain of Youth for Heart Health May Lie in the Gut: Age-Related Changes to Microbiome Fuel Vascular Decline. New Study Shows. ScienceDaily, March 19, 2019. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190319163527.htm.

R. Nemati et al. Deposition and Hydrolysis of Serine Dipeptide Lipids of Bacteroidetes Bacteria in Human Arteries: Relationship to Atherosclerosis. — Journal of Lipid Research 58 (October 2017): 1999–2007. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M077792.

Th. Meyer et al. Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Is Associated with Reduced Blood Pressure and Serum Vitamin D Levels: Results from the Nationwide German Health Interview and Examination Study for Children and Adolescents. — European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26. № 2 (February 2017): 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0852-3.

K. McKeever. Asperger Syndrome Tied to Low Cortisol Levels. — HealthDay, April 2, 2009. https://consumer.healthday.com/cognitive-health-information-26/autism-news-51/asperger-syndrome-tied-to-low-cortisol-levels-625706.html.

M. Donath, St. Shoelson. Type 2 Diabetes as an Inflammatory Disease. — Nature Reviews Immunology 11. № 2 (February 2011): 98–107. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2925.

University of California — San Diego. Type 2 Diabetes: Inflammation, Not Obesity, Cause of Insulin Resistance. — ScienceDaily, November 7, 2007. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071106133106.htm.

Skinny fat — с английского можно перевести как «худой, но жирный».

Y. Wang et al. Association of Muscular Strength and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes. — Mayo Clinic Proceedings 94. № 4 (April 2019): 643–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.037.

S. Weimer et al. D-Glucosamine Supplementation Extends Life Span of Nematodes and of Ageing Mice. — Nature Communications 5. April 8, 2014: 3563. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4563.

R. Weindruch, R. Sohal. Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Caloric Intake and Aging. — New England Journal of Medicine 337. № 14 (October 2, 1997): 986–994. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199710023371407.

D-Glucosamine as an Example of Calorie Restriction Mimetic Research. — Fight Aging! April 8, 2014. https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2014/04/d-glucosamine-as-an-example-of-calorie-restriction-mimetic-research/.

Karen W. Della Corte et al. Effect of Dietary Sugar Intake on Biomarkers of Subclinical Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies. — Nutrients 10. № 5 (2018): 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050606.

S. Singh. Post-Prandial Hyperglycemia. — Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 16. № 8 (December 2012): 245–247. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230–8210.104051.

Зональная диета — методика снижения веса, разработанная американским диетологом Барри Сирсом в 1996 году. Заключается в разделении белков, углеводов и жиров на блоки (зоны). Прим. ред.

Криптонит — в комиксах издательства DC Comics единственное из всех веществ, способное нанести вред Супермену.

Провоспалительный — способствующий развитию воспалительной реакции.

Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Scientists Remove Amyloid Plaques from Brains of Live Animals with Alzheimer’s Disease. — ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091015091602.htm (accessed July 16, 2019).

ОФЭКТ, или ОЭКТ, — однофотонная эмиссионная компьютерная томография (англ. Single-photon emission computed tomography, SPECT) — диагностический метод создания томографических изображений распределения радионуклидов. Прим. ред.

41 Percent of Americans Will Get Cancer. — UPI Health News, May 6, 2010. https://www.upi.com/41-percent-of-Americans-will-get-cancer/75711273192042/.

L. Coussens, Z. Werb. Inflammation and Cancer. — Nature 420. № 6917 (2002): 860–867. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01322.

Раньше рудокопы брали с собой в шахту клетку с канарейкой, поскольку эта птица очень чувствительна к малейшему количеству газов в воздухе. Когда канарейка начинала вести себя необычно, угольщики уходили с этого участка.

Функциональная геномика — научное направление, целью которого является изучение генов, кодирующих белки или влияющих на их функционирование, а также исследование роли этих белков в биохимических процессах всего организма. Может также включать исследования естественных генетических вариаций во времени (например, развитие организма) или пространстве (например, частей тела), а также функциональные нарушения, такие как мутации. Прим. ред.

Функциональная медицина подразумевает комплексный подход к лечению: разработку стратегии профилактики болезней, выявления и устранения факторов риска и первопричин развития заболеваний, восстановления здоровья и увеличения продолжительности жизни. Объектом терапии служит не болезнь, а состояние организма в целом; основное внимание специалистов направлено на оптимизацию всех органов и систем человека. Автор термина — американский биохимик Джеффи Бленд, специализирующийся на вопросах питания. С начала 1990-х годов эта система лечения завоевала мировую популярность, несмотря на критическое отношение к ней некоторых представителей клинической медицины. Тем не менее следует отметить, что большинство данных, приведенных в книге, подкреплено результатами научных исследований. Прим. ред.

H. Karakelides, K. Nair. Sarcopenia of Aging and Its Metabolic Impact. — Current Topics in Developmental Biology 68 (2005): 123–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-2153(05)68005-2.

E. Volpi, R. Nazemi, S. Fujita. Muscle Tissue Changes with Aging. — Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 7. № 4 (2004): 405–410. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mco.0000134362.76653.b2.

J. Golomb et al. Hippocampal Atrophy in Normal Aging. An Association with Recent Memory Impairment. — Archives of Neurology 50. № 9 (September 1993): 967–973. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1993.00540090066012.

M. Stimpfel, N. Jancar, I. Virant-Klun. New Challenge: Mitochondrial Epigenetics? — Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 14. № 1 (February 2018): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-017-9771-z.

J. Kirkland, T. Tchkonia. Cellular Senescence: A Translational Perspective. — EBioMedicine 21 (July 2017): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.013.

V. Korolchuk et al. Mitochondria in Cell Senescence: Is Mitophagy the Weakest Link? — EBioMedicine 21 (July 2017): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.020.

O. Jeon et al. Senescent Cells and Osteoarthritis: A Painful Connection. — Journal of Clinical Investigation 128. № 4 (April 2, 2018): 1229–1237. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI95147.

D. Huffman, M. Schafer, N. LeBrasseur. Energetic Interventions for Healthspan and Resiliency with Aging. — Experimental Gerontology 86 (December 15, 2016): 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.012.

Ch. Bannister et al. Can People with Type 2 Diabetes Live Longer Than Those Without? A Comparison of Mortality in People Initiated with Metformin or Sulphonylurea Monotherapy and Matched. — Non-Diabetic Controls, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 16. № 11 (November 2014): 1165–1173. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12354.

Agn. Śmieszek et al. Antioxidant and Anti-Senescence Effect of Metformin on Mouse Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (mOECs) May Be Associated with Increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels — An Ex Vivo Study. — International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18. № 4 (2017): 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040872.

R. Wang et al. Rapamycin Inhibits the Secretory Phenotype of Senescent Cells by a Nrf2-Independent Mechanism. — Aging Cell 16. № 3 (June 2017): 564–574. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12587.

Animal Data Shows Fisetin to Be a Surprisingly Effective Senolytic. — Fight Aging! October 3, 2018. https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2018/10/animal-data-shows-fisetin-to-be-a-surprisingly-effective-senolytic/.

P. Maher. How Fisetin Reduces the Impact of Age and Disease on CNS Function. — Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition) 7 (June 1, 2015): 58–82. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25961687.

K. Gander. Secret of Longevity Could Be Found in Traditional Japanese Plant that Appears to Slow Aging. — Newsweek, February 20, 2019. https://www.newsweek.com/anti-aging-longevity-japanese-plant-1336734.

Uncovering the Senolytic Mechanism of Piperlongumine. — Fight Aging! May 21, 2018. https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2018/05/uncovering-the-senolytic-mechanism-of-piperlongumine/.

Y.-J. Chen et al. Piperlongumine Inhibits Cancer Stem Cell Properties and Regulates Multiple Malignant Phenotypes in Oral Cancer. — Oncology Letters 15. № 2 (February 2018): 1789–1798. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.7486.

F. de Lima Moreira et al. Metabolic Profile and Safety of Piperlongumine. — Nature Scientific Reports 6 (September 29, 2016): article № 33646. https://www.nature.com/articles/srep33646.

Слово age с английского переводится как «возраст», «стареть».

A. Gaby. Adverse Effects of Dietary Fructose. — Alternative Medicine Review 10. № 4 (December 2005): 294–306. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16366738.

M. Streeter et al. Identification of Glucosepane Cross-Link Breaking Enzymes. — Diabetes 67. № S1 (July 2018): 1229-P. https://doi.org/10.2337/db18-1229-P.

X. Wang et al. Insulin Deficiency Exacerbates Cerebral Amyloidosis and Behavioral Deficits in an Alzheimer Transgenic Mouse Model. — Molecular Neurodegeneration 5 (2010): 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1326-5-46.

Кетоз — состояние, при котором тело перестает получать энергию от углеводов и печень начинает преобразовывать жировые запасы тела в кетоны, то есть химические соединения, используемые организмом в качестве источника энергии.

Цепь аминокислот, из которых состоит белок, представляет собой определенную трехмерную структуру. Формирование такой структуры называется сворачиванием белка. Иногда этот процесс протекает со сбоями, и белок сворачивается неправильно.

J. Lite. Vitamin D Deficiency Soars in the U.S., Study Says. — Scientific American, March 23, 2009. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/vitamin-d-deficiency-united-states/.

Society for Neuroscience, Staving Off Alzheimer’s Disease with the Right Diet, Prescriptions. — ScienceDaily, November 13, 2007. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071107211036.htm.

G. Notarachille et al. Heavy Metals Toxicity: Effect of Cadmium Ions on Amyloid Beta Protein 1-42. Possible Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease. — Biometals 27. № 2 (April 2014): 371–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-014-9719-6.

P. Tchounwou et al. Heavy Metal Toxicity and the Environment, in Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. — Experientia Supplementum, vol. 101, ed. Andrea Luch (Basel, CH: Springer, 2012): 133–164.

E. Belyaeva et al. Mitochondria as an Important Target in Heavy Metal Toxicity in Rat Hepatoma AS-30D Cells. — Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 231. № 1 (August 15, 2008): 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2008.03.017.

V. Singh et al. Advanced Glycation End Products and Diabetic Complications. — The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 18. № 1 (2014): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.1.

D. Turner. Advanced Glycation End-Products: A Biological Consequence of Lifestyle Contributing to Cancer Disparity. — Cancer Research 75. № 10 (May 2015): 1925–1929. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008–5472.CAN-15-0169.

M. Peppa, S. Raptis. Advanced Glycation End Products and Cardiovascular Disease. — Current Diabetes Reviews 4. № 2 (May 2008): 92–100. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473756.

N. Sasaki et al. Advanced Glycation End Products in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. — American Journal of Pathology 153. № 4 (October 1998): 1149–1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65659-3.

The BMJ, Fried Food Linked to Heightened Risk of Early Death Among Older US Women: Fried Chicken and Fried Fish in Particular Seem to Be Associated with Higher Risk of Death. — ScienceDaily, January 23, 2019. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190123191637.htm.

Теломеры — концевые участки хромосом. Характеризуются отсутствием способности к соединению с другими хромосомами или их фрагментами и выполняют защитную функцию. Прим. ред.

Hayflick Limit, ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/hayflick-limit.

P. van der Harst et al. Telomere Length of Circulating Leukocytes Is Decreased in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49. № 13 (April 3, 2007): 1459–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.027; A. Fitzpatrick et al. Leukocyte Telomere Length and Cardiovascular Disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study. — American Journal of Epidemiology 165. № 1 (January 1, 2007): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj346; R. Zee et al. Association of Shorter Mean Telomere Length with Risk of Incident Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective, Nested Case-Control Approach. — Clinica Chemica Acta 403. № 1–2, (May 2009): 139–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2009.02.004.

M. McGrath et al. Telomere Length, Cigarette Smoking, and Bladder Cancer Risk in Men and Women. — Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 16. № 4 (April 2007): 815–819. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055–9965.EPI-06-0961.

M. Sampson et al. Monocyte Telomere Shortening and Oxidative DNA Damage in Type 2 Diabetes. — Diabetes Care 29. № 2 (February 2006): 283–289. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1715.

A. Valdes et al. Telomere Length in Leukocytes Correlates with Bone Mineral Density and Is Shorter in Women with Osteoporosis. — Osteoporosis International 18. № 9 (September 2007): 1203–1210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0357-5.

M. Shammas. Telomeres, Lifestyle, Cancer, and Aging. — Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 14, no.1 (January 2011): 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834121b1.

R. Cawthon et al. Association Between Telomere Length in Blood and Mortality in People Aged 60 Years or Older. — The Lancet 361. № 9355 (February 1, 2003): 393–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12384-7.

E. Epel. Accelerated Telomere Shortening in Response to Life Stress. — Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA 101. № 49 (December 7, 2004): 17312–17315. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040716210.

Gr. Reynolds. Phys Ed: How Exercising Keeps Your Cells Young. — New York Times Well, January 27, 2010. https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/27/phys-ed-how-exercising-keeps-your-cells-young/?scp=1&sq=how%20exercising%20keeps%20your%20cells%20young&st=cse.

A. Starkweather. The Effects of Exercise on Perceived Stress and IL-6 Levels Among Older Adults. — Biological Research for Nursing 8. № 3 (January 2007): 186–194. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17172317.

V. Anisimov et al. Effect of Epitalon on Biomarkers of Aging, Life Span and Spontaneous Tumor Incidence in Female Swissderived SHR Mice. — Biogerontology 4. № 4 (2003): 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025114230714.

G. Kossoy et al. Epitalon and Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats: Proliferative Activity and Apoptosis in Colon Tumors. — International Journal of Molecular Medicine 12. № 4 (October 2003): 473–475. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.12.4.473.

Br. Molgora et al. Functional Assessment of Pharmacological Telomerase Activators in Human T Cells. — Cells 2. № 1 (March 2013): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells2010057.

В ходе такой диеты человек временно перестает употреблять продукты, способные вызвать сильную реакцию иммунной системы и в целом нанести вред здоровью. Затем все эти продукты по очереди возвращают в рацион и наблюдают за реакцией организма. Таким образом удается выяснить, какая именно пища отрицательно воздействует на здоровье данного человека.

Эспри Д. Меняя правила. Что помогает лидерам, новаторам и неординарным личностям побеждать. М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2021. Прим. ред.

K. Kim et al. Gut Microbiota Lipopolysaccharide Accelerates Inflamm-Aging in Mice. — BMC Microbiology 16. № 1 (2016): 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0625-7; Yong-Fei Zhao et al. The Synergy of Aging and LPS Exposure in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease. — Aging and Disease 9. № 5 (2018): 785–797. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2017.1028.

K. Wung Chung et al. Age-Related Sensitivity to Endotoxin-Induced Liver Inflammation: Implication of Inflammasome/IL-1β for Steatohepatitis. — Aging Cell 14. № 4 (April 2015): 526. fig. 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12305.

C. Sategna-Guidetti et al. Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Coeliac Disease. — European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 10. № 11 (November 1998): 927–931. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9872614.

A. Batchelor, J. Compston. Reduced Plasma Half-Life of Radio-Labelled 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Subjects Receiving a High-Fibre Diet. — British Journal of Nutrition 49. № 2 (March 1983): 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19830027.

S. Thongprakaisang et al. Glyphosate Induces Human Breast Cancer Cells Growth via Estrogen Receptors. — Food and Chemical Toxicology 59 (September 2013): 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.057.

Fr. Peixoto. Comparative Effects of the Roundup and Glyphosate on Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation. — Chemosphere 61. № 8 (December 2005): 1115–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.044.

A. Samsel, St. Seneff. Glyphosate, Pathways to Modern Diseases IV: Cancer and Related Pathologies. — Journal of Biological Physics and Chemistry 15 (2015): 121–159. https://doi.org/10.4024/11SA15R.jbpc.15.03.

Прекурсор — исходное вещество, которое используется как один из компонентов для проведения химической реакции и получения целевого вещества.

St. Seneff, L. Orlando. Glyphosate Substitution for Glycine During Protein Synthesis as a Causal Factor in Mesoamerican Nephropathy. — Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 8. № 1 (2018): 541. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161–0525.1000541.

J. O’Keefe, N. Gheewala, J. O’Keefe. Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health. — Journal of the American College of Cardiology 51. № 3 (January 22, 2008): 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.016.

Кэмпбелл Т., Кэмпбелл К. Китайское исследование. Результаты самого масштабного исследования связи питания и здоровья. М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2013. Прим. ред.

B. Altınterim. Anti-Thеroid Effects of PUFAs (Polyunsaturated Fats) and Herbs. — Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 13. № 2 (2012): 87–94. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268515453_antithroid_effects_of_pufas_polyunsaturated_fats_and_herbs.

«Зона Златовласки» — оптимальная зона для жизни, которая зависит от яркости звезды. Название взято из сказки «Три медведя», где Златовласка выбирает между холодной и горячей кашей, а берет теплую.

100

M. Levine et al. Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1. Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population. — Cell Metabolism 19. № 3 (March 4, 2014): 407–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.02.006.

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J. Trepanowski et al. Impact of Caloric and Dietary Restriction Regimens on Markers of Health and Longevity in Humans and Animals: A Summary of Available Findings. — Nutrition Journal 10 (October 7, 2011): 107. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-10-107.

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В 100 г говядины содержится примерно 2,6 г коллагена, в мясе птицы — 2,4 г. Прим. ред.

103

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University. Fasting Ramps Up Human Metabolism. — Study Shows. ScienceDaily, January 31, 2019. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190131113934.htm.

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M. Alirezaei et al. Short-Term Fasting Induces Profound Neuronal Autophagy. — Autophagy 6. № 6 (August 2010): 702–10. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.6.6.12376.

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B. Sadeghirad et al. Islamic Fasting and Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Public Health Nutrition 17. № 2 (February 1, 2014): 396–406. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012005046.

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M. Mattson, W. Duan, Zh. Guo. Meal Size and Frequency Affect Neuronal Plasticity and Vulnerability to Disease: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. — Journal of Neurochemistry, 84. № 3 (February 2003): 417–431. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471–4159.2003.01586.x.

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G. van Meer, D. Voelker, G. Feigenson, Membrane Lipids: Where They Are and How They Behave. — Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 9. № 2 (February 2008): 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2330.

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V. Rioux. Fatty Acid Acylation of Proteins: Specific Roles for Palmitic, Myristic and Caprylic Acids. — OCL 23. № 3 (May — June 2016): D304. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2015070.

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E. Parra-Ortiz et al. Effects of Oxidation on the Physicochemical Properties of Polyunsaturated Lipid Membranes. — Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 538 (March 7, 2019): 404–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.007.

110

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. U.S. — Department of Health and Human Services. November 21, 2018. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/.

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N. Simonsen et al. Adipose Tissue Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Content and Breast Cancer in the EURAMIC Study. — American Journal of Epidemiology 147. № 4 (February 15, 1998): 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009456; S. Ghosh, E. Novak, Sh. Innis. Cardiac Proinflammatory Pathways Are Altered with Different Dietary n-6 Linoleic to n-3 Alpha-Linolenic Acid Ratios in Normal, Fat-Fed Pigs. — American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293. № 5 (November 2007): H2919–2927. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00324.2007; U. Nair, H. Bartsch, J. Nair. Lipid Peroxidation-Induced DNA Damage in Cancer-Prone Inflammatory Diseases: A Review of Published Adduct Types and Levels in Humans. — Free Radical Biology & Medicine 43. № 8 (October 2007): 1109–1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.07.012; V. Chajes, Ph. Bougnoux. Omega-6/Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio and Cancer, in Omega 6/Omega 3 Fatty Acid Ratio: The Scientific Evidence. — World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics. vol. 92. Basel: Karger, 2003. р. 133–151; E. Sonestedt et al. Do Both Heterocyclic Amines and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Contribute to the Incidence of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women of the Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort? — International Journal of Cancer 123. № 7 (October 1. 2008): 1637–1643. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23394.

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J. Song et al. Analysis of Trans Fat in Edible Oils with Cooking Process. — Toxicological Research 31. № 3 (September 2015): 307–312. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2015.31.3.307.

113

Инуиты — этническая общность, состоящая из коренных народов Северной Америки.

114

«Фактор страха» (англ.). Согласно правилам шоу, участники выполняют задания, в каждом из которых необходимо побороть тот или иной страх. В России выходила аналогичная передача с тем же названием.

115

Whole Foods — сеть супермаркетов в США, занимающаяся продажей органических продуктов, то есть таких, в которых вредные искусственно созданные химические соединения либо не содержатся вообще, либо содержатся в минимальном количестве.

116

Среднецепочечные триглицериды (англ. Medium-chain triglycerides, МСТ) — жиры, содержащиеся в кокосовом масле. Они метаболизируются иначе, чем длинноцепочечные триглицериды (LCT), обнаруженные в большинстве других продуктов. Масло со среднецепочечными триглицеридами содержит много этих жиров и обладает многочисленными полезными свойствами. Прим. ред.

117

Charmin — компания по производству туалетной бумаги и влажных салфеток. Прим. ред.

118

C. Vandenberghe et al. Tricaprylin Alone Increases Plasma Ketone Response More Than Coconut Oil or Other Medium-Chain Triglycerides: An Acute Crossover Study in Healthy Adults/ — Current Developments in Nutrition 1. № 4 (April 1, 2017): e000257. https://doi.org/10.3945/cdn.116.000257.

119

Слово составлено из hungry — «голодный» и angry — «разозленный», «разгневанный».

120

A. Herrera, P. Arias. Einstein Cosmological Constant, the Cell, and the Intrinsic Property of Melanin to Split and ReForm the Water Molecule. — MOJ Cell Science & Report 1. № 2 (August 27, 2014): 46–51. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojcsr.2014.01.00011.

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A. Moreira et al. Coffee Melanoidins: Structures, Mechanisms of Formation and Potential Health Impacts, — Food & Function 3. N 9 (September 2012): 903–915. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2fo30048f.

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U. Wagner et al. Sleep Inspires Insight. — Nature 247. № 6972 (January 22, 2004): 352–355. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02223.

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M. Altemus et al. Stress-Induced Changes in Skin Barrier Function in Healthy Women. — Journal of Investigative Dermatology 117. 2 (August 2001): 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523–1747.2001.01373.x.

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Ph. J. Carter et al. Longitudinal Analysis of Sleep in Relation to BMI and Body Fat in Children: The FLAME Study. — BMJ 342 (May 26, 2011): d2712. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d2712.

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J. Arendt. Shift Work: Coping with the Biological Clock. — Occupational Medicine 60. № 1 (January 2010): 10–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqp162.

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G. Beccuti, S. Pannain. Sleep and Obesity. — Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 14. № 4 (July 2011): 402–412. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283479109.

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L. Xie et al. Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain. — Science 342. № 6156 (October 18, 2013): 373–377. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241224.

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H. Lee et al. The Effect of Body Posture on Brain Glymphatic Transport. — The Journal of Neuroscience 34. № 31 (August 5, 2015): 11034–11044. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1625-15.2015.

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M. Fujita et al. Effects of Posture on Sympathetic Nervous Modulation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. — The Lancet 356. № 9244 (November 25, 2000): 1822–1823. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03240-2.

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R. Ramezani, P. Stacpoole. Sleep Disorders Associated with Primary Mitochondrial Diseases. — Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM 10. № 11 (November 15, 2014): 1233–1239. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4212.

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D. Kripke et al. Mortality Related to Actigraphic Long and Short Sleep. — Sleep Medicine 12. № 1 (January 2011): 28–33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11825133.

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Герц — единица измерения частоты периодических процессов; одно колебание в секунду. Прим. ред.

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J. Benington, H. Heller. Restoration of Brain Energy Metabolism as the Function of Sleep. — Progress in Neurobiology 45. № 4 (March 1995): 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301–0082(94)00057-O.

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S. Cairney et al. Mechanisms of Memory Retrieval in Slow-Wave Sleep. — Sleep 40. № 9 (September 2017): zsx114. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsx114.

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S. Cairney et al. Complementary Roles of Slow-Wave Sleep and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Emotional Memory Consolidation. — Cerebral Cortex 25. № 6 (June 2015): 1565–1575. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht349.

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J. Floyd et al. Changes in REM-Sleep Percentage over the Adult Lifespan. — Sleep 30. № 7 (July 1, 2007): 829–836. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/30.7.829.

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How Many Hours of Deep Sleep Does One Need? — New Health Advisor, https://www.newhealthadvisor.com/How-Much-Deep-Sleep-Do-You-Need.html.

139

Вариабельность сердечного ритма (англ. Heart rate variability, HRV) — физиологическое явление, проявляющееся в изменении интервала между началами двух соседних сердечных циклов. Прим. ред.

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Sleep Restriction May Reduce Heart Rate Variability. — Medscape. June 15, 2007. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/558331.

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J. Gouin et al. Heart Rate Variability Predicts Sleep Efficiency. — Sleep Medicine 14. № 1 (December 2013): e142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.321.

142

Транскраниальная микрополяризация (ТКМП), или микрополяризация головного мозга, — лечебное воздействие на отдельные структуры мозга очень слабым постоянным электрическим током. Метод лечения разработан в 1970-х годах учеными Ленинградского института экспериментальной медицины. Прим. ред.

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M. Massimini et al. Triggering Sleep Slow Waves by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104. № 20 (May 15, 2007): 8496–8501. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702495104.

144

Миллисекунда (мс) — единица времени, равная одной тысячной доле секунды. Прим. ред.

145

G. Tononi et al. Enhancing Sleep Slow Waves with Natural Stimuli. — Medicamundi 54. № 2 (January 2010): 82–88. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279545240_Enhancing_sleep_slow_waves_with_natural_stimuli.

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H.-V. Ngo et al. Auditory Closed Loop Stimulation of the Sleep Slow Oscillation Enhances Memory. — Neuron 78. № 3 (May 8, 2013): P545–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.006; L. Besedovsky et al. Auditory Closed-Loop Stimulation of EEG Slow Oscillations Strengthens Sleep and Signs of Its Immune-Supportive Function. — Nature Communications 8. № 1 (2017): 1984. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02170-3.

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R. Strong et al. Narrow-Band Blue-Light Treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder in Adults and the Influence of Additional Nonseasonal Symptoms. — Depression and Anxiety 26. № 3 (2009): 273–278. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20538.

148

Junk food буквально переводится как «еда-мусор» или «мусорная еда». Имеется в виду пища, вредная для здоровья.

149

G. Tosini, I. Ferguson, K. Tsubota. Effects of Blue Light on the Circadian System and Eye Physiology. — Molecular Vision 22 (January 24, 2016): 61–72, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900325; A.-M. Chang et al. Evening Use of Light-Emitting eReaders Negatively Affects Sleep, Circadian Timing, and Next-Morning Alertness. — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 112, № 4 (January 27, 2015): 1232–1237, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418490112.

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Tosini, Ferguson, Tsubota, Effects.

151

Chang et al. Evening Use.

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K. Spiegel et al. Effects of Poor and Short Sleep on Glucose Metabolism and Obesity Risk. — Nature Reviews Endocrinology 5. № 5 (2009): 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2009.23.

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A. Garcia-Saenz et al. Evaluating the Association Between Artificial Light-at-Night Exposure and Breast and Prostate Cancer Risk in Spain (MCC-Spain Study). — Environmental Health Perspectives 126. № 4 (April 23, 2018): 047011. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1837.

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A. Sancar et al. Circadian Clock Control of the Cellular Response to DNA Damage. — FEBS Letters 584. № 12 (June 18, 2010): 2618–2625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2010.03.017.

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Tosini, Ferguson, Tsubota. Effects.

156

Bright Focus Foundation. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: — Facts and Figures. last modified January 5, 2016, https://www.brightfocus.org/macular/article/age-related-macular-facts-figures.

157

Автор с расстояния 610 см видит то, что человек с нормальным зрением видит с расстояния 460 см.

158

E. Loane et al. Transport and Retinal Capture of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Reference to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. — Survey of Ophthalmology 53. № 1 (January — February 2008): 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.10.008; Le Ma et al. Effect of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Macular Pigment and Visual Function in Patients with Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration. — Ophthalmology 119. № 11 (November 2012): 2290–2297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.014.

159

Крепость уединения (Fortress of Solitude) — секретное убежище Супермена.

160

Y. Li et al. Melatonin for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. — Oncotarget 8. № 24 (June 2017): 39896–39921. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16379.

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B. Sarode et al. Light Control of Insulin Release and Blood Glucose Using an Injectable Photoactivated Depot. — Molecular Pharmacology 13. № 11 (November 7, 2016): 3835–3841. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00633; Marla Paul. Exposure to Bright Light May Alter Blood Sugar. — Futurity. May 19, 2016. https://www.futurity.org/bright-light-metabolism-1166262-2/.

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N. Rybnikova, A. Haim, B. Portnov. Does Artificial Light-at-Night Exposure Contribute to the Worldwide Obesity Pandemic? — International Journal of Obesity 40. № 5 (May 2016): 815–823. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.255.

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H. Ishii et al. Seasonal Variation of Glycemic Control in Type-2 Diabetic Patients. — Diabetes Care 24. № 8 (August 2001): 1503. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.24.8.1503.

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P. Lindqvist, H. Olsson, M. Landin-Olsson. Are Active Sun Exposure Habits Related to Lowering Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women, a Prospective Cohort Study? — Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 90. № 1 (October 2010): 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2010.06.007.

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S. Geldenhuys et al. Ultraviolet Radiation Suppresses Obesity and Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome Independently of Vitamin D in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. — Diabetes 63. № 11 (November 2011): 3759–3769. https://doi.org/10.2337/db13-1675.

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D. Barolet, Fr. Christiaens, M. Hamblin. Infrared and Skin: Friend or Foe. — Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 155 (February 2016): 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.014.

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P. Lindqvist et al. Avoidance of Sun Exposure as a Risk Factor for Major Causes of Death: A Competing Risk Analysis of the Melanoma in Southern Sweden Cohort. — Journal of Internal Medicine 280. № 4 (October 2016): 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12496.

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D. Main. Why Insect Populations Are Plummeting — and Why It Matters. — National Geographic. February 14, 2019. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/02/why-insect-populations-are-plummeting-and-why-it-matters/.

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Cl. Ferraresi, M. Hamblin, N. Parizotto. Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy (LLLT) on Muscle Tissue: Performance, Fatigue and Repair Benefited by the Power of Light, — Photonics & Lasers in Medicine 1. № 4 (November 1, 2012): 267–286. https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2012-0032.

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L. Gavish et al. Low Level Laser Irradiation Stimulates Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Disperses Subnuclear Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein, — Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 35. № 5 (December 2004): 369–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20108.

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P. Avci et al. Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy (LLLT) in Skin: Stimulating, Healing, Restoring. — Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 32. no.1 (2013): 41–52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24049929.

173

S.-R. Tsai et al. Low-Level Light Therapy Potentiates NPe6-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in a Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line via Increased ATP. — Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 12. № 1 (March 2015): 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.10.009.

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U. Mitchell, G. Mack. Low-Level Laser Treatment with Near-Infrared Light Increases Venous Nitric Oxide Levels Acutely: A Single-Blind. Randomized Clinical Trial of Efficacy. — American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 92. № 2 (February 2013): 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e318269d70a.

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F. Hamblin, Parizotto. Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy.

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F. de Lima, F. Timbo Barbosa, C. de Sousa-Rodrigues. Use Alone or in Combination of Red and Infrared Laser in Skin Wounds. — Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 5. № 2 (2014): 51–57. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4291816/.

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I. Geneva. Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases: A Review. — International Journal of Ophthalmology 9. no.1 (January 2016): 145–152. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2016.01.24.

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179

Глутатион (GSH) — пептид, состоящий из трех ключевых аминокислот, обладающий огромной способностью бороться с окислительным стрессом и нейтрализовывать свободные радикалы. Прим. ред.

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H. Naito et al. Heat Stress Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Hindlimb-Unweighted Rats. — Journal of Applied Physiology 88. № 1 (January 2000): 359–363. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.1.359.

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R. Weiss et al. Clinical Experience with Light-Emitting Diode (LED). — Photomodulation. Dermatologic Surgery 31. № 9. pt. 2 (September 2005): 1199–1205. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16176771.

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Tina S. Alster and Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha. Improvement of Postfractional Laser Erythema with Light-Emitting Diode Photomodulation. — Dermatologic Surgery 35. № 5 (May 2009): 813–815. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524–4725.2009.01137.x.

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M. DeLand et al. Treatment of Radiation-Induced Dermatitis with Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Photomodulation. — Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 39. № 2 (February 2007): 164–168. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20455.

184

Торговую марку TrueLight создал я, поэтому в данном случае меня можно заподозрить в предвзятости. А что касается вышеупомянутых исследований, на которые я ссылался, то по их результатам судить о возможной эффективности или неэффективности устройства TrueLight Energy Square нельзя, так как в ходе этих исследований использовались совсем другие приборы. Прим. авт.

185

S. Momenzadeh et al. The Intravenous Laser Blood Irradiation in Chronic Pain and Fibromyalgia. — Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 6. № 1 (2015): 6–9. https://doi.org/10.22037/2010.v6i1.7800.

186

V. Mikhaylov. The Use of Intravenous Laser Blood Irradiation (ILBI) at 630–640 nm to Prevent Vascular Diseases and to Increase Life Expectancy. — Laser Therapy 24. № 1 (March 31, 2015): 15–26. https://doi.org/10.5978/islsm.15-OR-02.

187

«Смерть от тысячи порезов» — казнь, применявшаяся в Китае примерно до начала XX века. Заключалась в том, что осужденному отрезали небольшие части плоти.

188

Бредесен Д. Нестареющий мозг. М.: Эксмо, 2019.

189

«Трон» (1982) — американский научно-фантастический фильм, главный герой которого — программист в крупной корпорации.

190

Гиппокамп — ключевое звено лимбической системы головного мозга. Ее структуры участвуют в регулировании работы внутренних органов, эмоций, памяти, пространственной навигации и других когнитивных функций. Прим. ред.

191

S. McGreevey. Brain Checkpoint. — Harvard Medical School News and Research. October 25, 2018. https://hms.harvard.edu/news/brain-checkpoint.

192

Br. Giunta et al. Inflammaging as a Prodrome to Alzheimer’s Disease. — Journal of Neuroinflammation 5 (2008): 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-5-51.

193

Так в англоязычных странах стали называть боковой амиотрофический склероз после того, как от этой болезни умер легендарный американский бейсболист Генри Лу Гериг (1903–1941). Тем же недугом страдал Стивен Хокинг (1942–2018).

194

Дэйл Бредесен — доктор медицины, специалист в области нейродегенеративных заболеваний, преподаватель Калифорнийского университета в Сан-Диего, США. Долгое время работал ассистентом нобелевского лауреата Стенли Прузинера в лаборатории UCSF. В своей книге «Нестареющий мозг. Глобальное медицинское открытие об истинных причинах снижения умственной активности, позволяющее обрести ясность ума, хорошую память и спасти мозг от болезни Альцгеймера» он выделил 36 метаболических факторов, приводящих к снижению умственной деятельности человека, устранив которые можно быть на 100% уверенными в полноценной работе своего мозга в любой промежуток своей жизни. Прим. ред.

195

Хлыстовая травма — повреждение шейного отдела позвоночника, возникающее в результате травмирующих ситуаций, когда шея резко сгибается и затем распрямляется либо, напротив, сначала резко разгибается и потом сгибается.

196

P. Lapchak. Transcranial Near-Infrared Laser Therapy Applied to Promote Clinical Recovery in Acute and Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases. — Expert Review of Medical Devices 9. № 1 (January 2012): 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1586/erd.11.64.

197

M. Wong-Riley et al. Photobiomodulation Directly Benefits Primary Neurons Functionally Inactivated by Toxins. — Journal of Biological Chemistry 280. № 6 (February 11, 2005): 4761–4771. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M409650200.

198

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