Практический курс английского языка 2 курс. Ключи - [64]

Non-Finite Forms of the Verb (Units 6—7)

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to express the duration of the action. 9. The Simple Active Infinitive (to take off) is used because its action follows that of the finite verb (told) and the other infinitive used in the sentence (be heard) is in the simple form because it is used in a subordinate clause of purpose. The passive form shows that the subject (footsteps) was the object of the action and not its doer. 10. The action of the infinitive is prior to that of the finite verb, hence the use the Perfect Infinitive. 11. The action of the infinitive follows that of the finite verb, so the Simple Infinitive is used. The infinitive is part of a Complex Object. 12. The Perfect Continuous Active Infinitive is used to show that its action began in the past and instill in progress at the moment of speaking.

13. The Continuous Active Infinitive is used to show that the action, expressed by it, is going on at the moment of speaking.

14. The Perfect Active Infinitives are used to express prior actions. The finite verb can be found in the wider context from which the sentence has been taken. 15. The infinitives are used in the simple f ocm because their action is simultaneous with that of the finite verb. The first infinitive (to be done) is passive because its action is directed to its subject. The second infinitive is active because its action is directed from the subject of the whole sentence which though not mentioned in it can be found in the wider context from which the sentence is taken.

Ex. 86, p. 483

to have been done — to do, to be doing, to have done, to have

been doing, to be done to be spoken to — to speak to, to be speaking to, to have spoken

to, to have been speaking to, to have been spoken to to curl — to be curling, to have curled, to have been curling,

to be curled, to have been curled to be breaking — to break, to have broken, to have been

breaking, to be broken, to have been broken to have nodded — to nod, to be nodding, to have nodded, to

have been nodding to drive — to be driving, to have driven, to have been driving,

to be driven, to have been driven

– to be ruined — to ruin, to be ruining, to have ruined, to have 2 been ruining, to have been ruined

– to be rubbing — to rub, to have rubbed, to have been rubbing,

to be rubbed, to have been rubbed

170 Grammar Exercises

to land — to be landing, to have landed, to have been landing,

to be landed, to have been landed to turn — to be turning, to have turned, to have been turning,

to be turned, to have been turned to have been sleeping — to sleep, to be sleeping, to have

slept

to be got — to get, to be getting, to have got, to have been

getting, to have been got to be running — to run, to have run, to have been running to have been read — to read, to be reading, to have been

reading, to be read to be said — to say, to be saying, to have said, to have been

saying, to have been said to arrive — to be arriving, to have arrived, to have been

arriving

to be telling — to tell, to have told, to have been telling, to be told, to have been told

Ex. 87, p. 483

1. Im so dreadfully sorry to have bothered/to be botheringyou in this stupid way. 2. He kept late hours last night, he may still be sleeping. 3. "She must have been very beautiful years ago," Maren thought. 4. Its a secret, and no one else must fee told. 5. Goodbye. So pleased to have met you. 6. Hes a talented engineer. Hes supposed to be working at a new invention. 7. Oh, my Margaret, my daughter. You should never have gone. It was all your fathers fault. 8. She seems to have been working at her project since spring and says she has still a lot to do. 9. Ive just seen him passing the entrance door, so he cant fee working at the laboratory as you say. 10. The next morning he seemed to have forgotten it all. 11. It ought to have been done long ago; at least before their leaving Blackstable. 12. She seemed at times to be seized with an uncontrolled irritation and would say sharp and wounding things. 13. You probably think that I must have lived a very gay life in France, but it wasnt so. 14. No words can describe it: it must fee seen.

Ex. 88, p. 484

1. Maggie was sorry not to have warned her parents that she would be delayed. 2. I was glad to have seen another play by Ostrovsky. 3. The children were happy to have been taken to the circus. 4. This waltz made him remember his youth. 5. I would

Non-Finite Forms of the Verb (Units 6—7)

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like this text to be recorded once more. 6. He cant be still sitting in the reading hall. He must have already left. 7. She must be still staying at her friends country house. 8. Can/Could she have got angry with you? 9. I am very glad to have seen them to the station. 10. I was so lucky/How lucky I was to see this performance! 11. Your next task is to carry out/to do this experiment in our laboratory. 12. Look at him! He must be trying to solve some important problem. 13. They couldnt have memorized my address. They have dropped in with my brother only once and purely by chance. 14. This sad event shouldnt/ oughtnt to be mentioned in her presence. 15. They seem to be waiting for the instructions necessary to perform this task.