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9. James Essex, Journal of a Tour through Part of Flanders and France in August 1773, ed. W. M. Fawcett (Cambridge, 1888), 2.
10. Pierre Goubert, The Ancien Régime: French Society, 1600–1750, trans. Steve Cox (London, 1973), 223; William Edward Mead, The Grand Tour in the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1972), 222,359; Christopher Friedrichs, The Early Modern City, 1450–1750 (London, 1995), 25.
11. Midnight the Signal: In Sixteen Letters to a Lady of Quality (London, 1779), 1,147, passim; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 744; Barbara DeWolfe Howe, Discoveries of America: Personal Accounts of British Emigrants to North America during the Revolutionary Era (Cambridge, 1997), 217; Pinkerton, Travels, II, 790.
12. US and WJ, Oct. 13,1733; A Humorous Description of the Manners and Fashions of Dublin (Dublin, 1734), 5; The Memoirs of Charles-Lewis, Baron de Pollnitz… (London, 1739), I, 411; Robert Anderson, The Works of John Moore, M. D…. (Edinburgh, 1820), 171; Roy Porter, The Creation of the Modem World: The Untold Story of the British Enlightenment (New York, 2000), 435–436; Peter Clark, British Clubs and Societies, 1580–1800: The Origins of an Associational World (Oxford, 2000).
13. British Journal, Sept. 12,1730.
14. Henry Fielding, An Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers and Related Writings, ed. Malvin R. Zirker (Middletown, Ct, 1988), 231; LC, Sept. 9,1758, Mar. 19, 1785; J. Hanway, Letter to Mr. John Spranger… (London, 1754), 34; Frédérique Pitou, "Jeunesse et Désordre Social: Les 'Coureurs de Nuit' à Laval au XVIIIe Siècle," Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine 47 (2000), 70; G & NDA, Nov. 27, 1767; Horace Walpole, Correspondence with Sir Horace Mann, ed. W. S. Lewis et al. (New Haven, 1967), VIII, 47; Bruce Lenman and Geoffrey Parker, "The State, the Community and the Criminal Law in Early Modem Europe," in V. A. C. Gatrell et al., eds., Crime and the Law: The Social History of Crime in Western Europe since 1500 (London, 1980), 38; J. Paul De Castro, The Gordon Riots (London, 1926); Carl Bridenbaugh, Cities in Revolt: Urban Life in America, 1743–1776 (Oxford, 1971), 300–303.
15. DUR, Nov. 30, 1785; Borsay, Urban Renaissance, passim; Peter Clark, The English Alehouse: A Social History (London, 1983), 256–259.
16. 9 George II. c. 20; "Mémoire sur Nécessité d'Éclairer la Ville, Présenté par Quelques Citoyens au Conseil," Jan. 26, 1775, Archives Genève, Geneva; J. M. Beattie, Policing and Punishment in London, 1660–1750: Urban Crime and the Limits of Terror (Oxford, 2001), 221–223; Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Disenchanted Night: The Industrialization of Light in the Nineteenth Century, trans. Angela Davies (Berkeley, Calif., 1988), 9—14.
17. Times, May 14,1807; "F. W," LM, Jan. 6,1815; Jane Austen, Sanditon (Boston, 1975), 221; O'Dea, Lighting, 98; Pounds, Home, 388; Brian T. Robson, Urban Growth An Approach (London, 1973), 178–183; John A. Jakle, City Lights: Illuminating the American Night (Baltimore, 2001), 26–37.
18. LC, Jan. 17,1758; "Case of the Petitioners against the Bill, for Establishing a Nightly-Watch within the City of Bristol," 1755, BL; PA, July 15, 1785; Alan Williams, The Police of Paris, 1718–1789 (Baton Rouge, 1979), 71; Ruff, Violence, 88–91.
19. BC, Aug. 11, 1762; David Philips and Robert D. Storch, Policing Provincial England, 1829–1856: The Politics of Reform (London, 1999), 63; Beattie, Crime, 67–72; Elaine A. Reynolds, Before the Bobbies: The Night Watch and Police Reform in Metropolitan London, 1720–1830 (Stanford, Calif., 1998); Stanley H. Palmer, Police and Protest in England and Ireland, 1780–1850 (Cambridge, 1988), passim; David Philips, "'A New Engine of Power and Authority': The Institutionalization of Law-Enforcement in England 1780–1830," in Gatrell et al., eds., Crime and the Law, 155–189; James F. Richardson, Urban Police in the United States (Port Washington, N. Y, 1974), 19–28.
20. "Night Hawk," Mechanics Free Press (Philadelphia), Nov. 7, 1829; Louis Bader, "Gas Illumination in New York City, 1823–1863" (Ph. D. diss., New York Univ., 1970), 334; Mary Lee Mann, ed., A Yankee Jeffersonian: Selections from the Diary and Letters of William Lee of Massachusetts (Cambridge, Mass., 1958), 37; Pounds, Home, 388; Johan Goudsblom, Fire and Civilization (London, 1992), 150, 176–178. О благотворном воздействии уличного освещения и снижении уровня преступности см.: Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York, 1961), 41–42; Kate Painter, "Designing Out Crime — Lighting, Safety and the Urban Realm," in Andrew Lovatt et al., eds., The 24—Hour City… (Manchester, 1994), 133–138.
21. Maurice Rollinat, Oeuvres (Paris, 1972), II, 282. Allan Silver, "The Demand for Order in Civil Society; A Review of Some Themes in the History of Urban Crime, Police and Riot," in D. Bordua, ed., The Police: Six Sociological Essays
