Основы английского языка для судовых электриков - [7]

2. They spring up like mushrooms.

3. Where did you.spring from?

4. The water in this spring is always cool.

5. First compress & then release the spring.

6. Spring is the best season of the year.

38. /5 мин./ Прочтите следующий текст. Установите: а/ три возможных состояния воды, б/ свойство, отличающее воду от любой другой жидкости. Будьте готовы сообщить об этом по-английски.

1. Water exists as a substance in 3 states: ice, which melts at 0°C /zero degrees Centigrate/, liquid water & steam, the latter is formed when water boils at 100°C under normal atmospheric pressure.

2. Water differs from other liquids in that it expands when cooled from 0°C, contracts when heated from 0° to 4°C, & reaches its maximum density at 4°C. No other liquid possesses this property.

3. Pure water is rarely found in nature. This is because water is able to dissolve so many substances from the air, the soil & the rocks. The saltness of sea water is caused hy the mineral substances which are dissolved from the Earth’s surface by rivers & carried down to the sea. The Sun’s heat causes *fhe surface sea water to evaporate, or change into vapour, leaving behind the salt & other minerals. This explains why the seas are'so much more salty than rivers flowing into them.

39. а/ Переведите третий абзац текста /38/ в письменной форме, б/ Скажите по-английски, каковы причины солености воды -/10 мин./.

40. /20 мин./ Прочтите следующий текст и напишите название каждого абзаца

Waste-Water Treatment

1. In this age of pollution one of the more encouraging developments is the work that is being done in sewage treatment. For treatment purposes, the contaminents generally are considered as groups such as suspended solids, dissolved inorganics, & dissolved organics. A property of sewage that particularly degrades natural waters is its ability to consume oxygen. A somewhat arbitrary but useful measure of this property is known as biological oxygen demand. /BOD/.

2. Primary treatment consists simply of allowing the sewage to settle & separating the water from the sludge at the bottom & the scum on the top.

3. The most widely used methods of secondary treatment now in operation are the trickling filter & activating sludge processes. Well-operated activated sludge tanks can remove up to 90% of the suspended solids & BOD, & good trickling filters remove 80 to 85%. In practice, figures closer to 75% are more common. The use of pure oxygen in the activated sludge process has been called the most significant recent advance in sewage treatment.

4. For about 20 years engineers have known that with pure oxygen, more bacteria could be supported in a smaller space & less pumping would be required; but an economically competitive system in which pure oxygen is used has emerged only within the past few years. A system has been developed in which oxygen is circulated in closed tanks. The system achieves 90% utilization of oxygen as opposed to 5-10% in conventional system & can support more bacteria than their system. Many sanitary engineers think that in the future physical-chemical methods of secondary treatment will begin to replace the conventional biological methods.

Ключи:

6 - adfhiknpr

7 - cegilopqsuxa’c’d’e’

8 - bdfikmo

9 - 2, 3, 5, 6

11 - adgiklnopq /noun/, bcefhjmrs /adj./

12 - adfil

25 - 1в, 2ж, Зе, 4a, 5и, 6r, 7k, 8m, 96, Юз, 11л, 12д

37 - 1 г, 2а, Зд, 4в, 5е, 66

Тестовые задания 1.

1. В 8-10 предложениях расскажите о проблемах, связанных-с испольЗЬванием воды на земле и о современных способах их решения.

2. Выберите наиболее точный перевод на русский язык сле-дуещего предложения:

Man can live without clothes, without shelter, & even for some time without food.

а/ Человек может жить без одежды, без крова какое-то время и даже без пищи, б/ Человек не может жить без одежды, без крова, без пищи, в/ Человек может жить без одежды, без крова и даже какое-то врем» без пищи.

3. Выберите наиболее точный перевод на английский язык следующего предложения: Перечень болезней, которые связаны с недостатком чистой воды, очень длинный.

а/ The list of diseases associated with lack of clean water is a very long one. б/ The list of diseases that are favoured by lack of clean water is a long one. в/ The list of diseases that are favoured by lack of clean water is a very long one.

4. Заполните пропуск артиклем перед существительными, если это нужно, а/ the б/ ап в/ о.

... air surrounding man contains enormous quantities of water.

5. Заполните пропуски артиклем, если это нужно, а/ the б/ а ]

в/ 0. ... total population of ...world is growing at...rate of 1.7% annually. '

6. Заполните артиклями пропуски перед существительными, ! если это нужно, а/ the б/ а в/ о.

Every year about 500 min people suffer from...diseases associated with...unsafe water supplies.

7. Выберите наиболее логичное окончание для следующего высказывания:

& yet the human suffering & economic loss resulting from inadequate water supplies are so great that...

a/ bold measures are needed; 6/ modern methods of collecting, pumping, storing & distributing the water are used; в/ the engineer’s art of treating raw water is of concern.