Ордена России - [6]
Статутом 1829 г. для знаков I и II степени была введена императорская корона, которая как бы повышала значение награды. Корона была отменена в 1874 г.
The Order of St. Anne (crosses, star, ribbon, presentation sword}, 19th century. Gold, silver, metal, enamel, moire ribbon. (The Armoury).
The Order of St. Anne joined the statute of Russian decorations in 1797 and had three classes with an unlimited number of order-bearers. After the fourth class was instituted in 1815, the Order with its motto "To a Love; of Truth, Honour and Loyalty" was awarded right up to the beginning of the 20th century both for military and civil merits.
Initially, the St. Anne Cross had red glass reliefs at its tips and the open-work gold ornament between them decorated with diamonds. Early in the 19th century glass was replaced with red enamel, and the Order, decorated with diamonds, began to be awarded to foreigners. The first class Order - a red enamelled Cross with the picture of St. Anne in its centre was worn on a yellow-edged red ribbon over the left shoulder, while the second class Order-on a narrow ribbon round the neck. By the decree of August 6, 1828, the third-class Order was awarded for combat feats and worn on the St. Anne ribbon bow and the Order of the fourth class was awarded only to junior officers for taking part in action and was attached to the hilt of the presentation sword inscribed with the words "For Bravery". As distinct from all other regalias, the Order star was worn on the right side of the chest
The 1829 Statute introduced an emperor's crown for the first and second class Orders thus enhancing their significance. But in 1874 the crown was eliminated.
Первые пожалования орденом Екатерина I произвела 21 мая 1725 года в день бракосочетания своей дочери Анны Петровны с герцогом Голштейн-Готторпским Карлом-Фридрихом. Орден имел одну степень и состоял из золотого креста, красной муаровой ленты и звезды.
Первоначально концы креста украшали рубиновые стекла в глухой оправе, между концами креста - золотые двуглавые орлы, в центре креста - белый эмалевый медальон с живописным изображением Александра Невского на коне. В начале XIX в. стекла были заменены красной эмалью.
В центре серебряной ажурной восьмиконечной звезды на белом поле медальона вензель св. Александра Невского из букв «SA» под короной, обрамленной девизом ордена «За Труды и Отечество».
Знаки ордена, украшенные бриллиантами или алмазами, составляли высшую его степень.
Орден принадлежал императору Александру I.
The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, end of the 18th century.
Gold, silver, ruby glass, enamel, moire ribbon.
(The Armoury).
Catherine I conferred the Order for the first time on May 21, 1725 on the day her daughter Anna Petrovna married Duke Karl Friedrich of Holstein. The one-class Order consisted of a gold cross, a red moire ribbon and a star.
Initially, the ends of the cross were set in ruby glass with gold double-headed eagles mounted between them and the white enamelled medallion with Alexander Nevsky on horseback painted in the centre. Early in the 19th century red enamel came to replace ruby glass.
In the centre of the silver eight-pointed star the St. Alexander Nevsky's "SA" medallion stood out in bold relief against white background crowned with the motto "For Feats and Homeland".
The Order's insignias decorated with diamonds signified its highest class.
The Order belonged to Emperor Alexander I.
Миниатюрные эмалевые царские портреты, украшенные драгоценными камнями, наряду с первым высшим русским орденом св. Андрея Первозванного и наградными медалями считались высокой и почетной наградой. Император самолично производил награждение своими портретами ближайших сановников и отличившихся в сражениях полководцев. Носили их на груди на банте из андреевской ленты. Появление этих особых знаков отличия неразрывно связано с развитием в России живописной эмалевой миниатюры, которая вскоре становится излюбленным украшением ювелирных изделий, орденов и нагрудных знаков.
В начале XVIII в. миниатюры с портретами Петра I создавали как русские художники, работавшие в Оружейной палате и Петербурге, так и европейские мастера. Известны портреты работы русского художника-миниатюриста Г. С. Мусикийского. В музейных собраниях сохранилось совсем немного наградных знаков с портретом Петра I.
Insignia with the portrait of Peter the Great, beginning of the 18th century.
Gold, silver, diamonds, enamel.
(The USSB Diamond Fund)
Alongside with the first highest Russian Order of St. Andrew the First-Called miniature enamelled portraits of Peter the Great-panagias- decorated with precious stones were considered to be a high and honourable award. Peter the Great himself awarded his portraits to closest associates and generals, who had distinguished themselves in battles. The insignias were worn on the chest on the bow of St. Andrew ribbon. These insignias made their appearance due to the development in Russia of the craftsmanship of enamelled miniatures, which soon won popularity in jewelry decorations, orders and insignias.
