Игра в камешки - [4]
Говоря об Англии мы все (ну, или почти все) представляем её именно как нынешний остров с его туманами и зелёными газонами, напрочь забывая, что Англия вообще-то не всегда была такой. Образ маленькой, мужественной и чрезвычайно "эффективной" Англии создан продуманной государственной пропагандой, преследовавшей вполне определённые цели, каковых упомянутая пропаганда, судя по результатам, достигла вполне.
Нынешнее поколение, выбирающее прохладительные напитки, не отдаёт себе отчёта, что как в упомянутой Крымской Войне с Россией, так и в Первой Мировой Войне с пытающимися объединить Европу немцами, воевала Британская Империя, которая выглядела вот так:
Ради интереса взгляните на этот перечень владений Британской Короны. Списочек впечатляющий. Есть что вспомнить англичанам, есть чем похвастаться:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
England
Wales
Scotland
Ireland, independent 1921, Republic 1938, leaves Commonwealth 1949
Northern Ireland
Isle of Man
Channel Islands (Duchy of Normandy)
Jersey
Guernsey
Alderney
Sark
Gibraltar, seized 1704, ceded by Spain 1713
Heligoland, 1807, to Germany 1890
Hanover, 1714, independent 1837, to Prussia 1866
Ionian Islands, 1809, to Greece 1864
Minorca, 1708-1756, 1763-1782, 1798-1802, from amp; to Spain
Malta, 1800, independent 1964, republic 1974
Cyprus, 1878, independent 1960, Turkish invasion, occupation of northern Cyprus 1974
Egypt, shares of Suez Canal purchased 1875, country occupied 1882, protectorate 1914, independent 1922, Suez Canal occupied until 1956, Canal nationalized 1956
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, condominium 1898-1956, independent 1956
Palestine, occupied 1917, mandate 1921, independent 1948 (Israel; Palestine to Jordan amp; Egypt, territories occupied by Israel 1967)
Transjordan, occupied 1917, mandate 1921-1946, independent 1946 (Jordan 1949)
Iraq, occupied 1918, mandate 1921-1932, independent 1932
Kuwait, protectorate 1904, independent 1961
Bahrain, protectorate 1882, independent 1971
Muscat amp; Oman, Treaty 1798, independent 1971
Qatar, protectorate 1916, independent 1971
Trucial States(/Coast/Oman), protectorate 1820, independent 1971 (United Arab Emirates)
Abu Dhabi
Ajman
Dubai
Al Sharqah
Umm al Qawain
Ras al Khaimah
Fujairah
Aden, 1839, independent 1967 (South Yemen)
Socotra Island
Afghanistan, First Afghan War 1838-1842, Second Afghan War 1878-1880, protectorate 1880-1921, Third Afghan War 1919-1921, Soviet Russian occupation 1979-1989
India, independent 1947 (Bharat, Pakistan [out of Commonwealth 1972-1989], Bangladesh 1971)
Princely States (Protectorates of British India)
Hyderadbad
Jammu amp; Kashmir
Mysore
Orchha
Bahawalpur
Travancore
Rajputana (23 states)
Jodhpur
Jaisalmer
Bikaner
Jaipur
Udaipur
Raigarh
Dir
Patna
Khairpur
Palanpur
Las Bela
Morvi
Partabgarh
Surguja
Changbhakar
Korea
Kolhapur
Bundi
Bastar
Narsinghgarh
Porbandar
Sheopur
Bahawalpur
Saraikela
Rajkot
Kapurthala
Rewa
Dhenkanal
Raj Nandgaon
Bharatpur
Jhabua
Andaman Islands
Nicobar Islands
Sikkim, protectorate of India, 1950, annexed by India, 1974
Bhutan, British protectorate, 1910, Protectorte of India, 1949
Burma, 1826 (Arakan) 1852 (Lower Burma) 1886 (Upper Burma), independent 1948 (Myanmar 1991)
Ceylon, 1795, independent 1948 (Sri Lanka)
Seychelles, 1810, independent 1975
Mahe Island
Amriante Isles
Farquhar Group
Cosmoledo Group
British Indian Ocean Territory, created 1965
Chagos Archipelago
Salomon Islands
Peros Banhos Atoll
Three Brothers, Eagle, and Danger Islands
The Egmont Islands
Diego Garcia
Maldives, 1887, independent 1965
Mauritius, 1810, independent 1968
Rodrigues
Cargados Carajos Shoals
Agalega Island
Malaysia, created and independent 1963
Straits Settlements, Crown colony 1867
Singapore 1819, to Malaysia 1963, independent 1965
Penang 1786, to Malaya 1948, to Malaysia 1963
Malacca 1824, to Malaya 1948, Malaysia 1963
Labuan, 1846, to North Bornea 1890, to Singapore 1907, to Straits Settlements 1912, to North Borneo 1946
Malaya, Federation 1957, independent 1963 as Malaysia
Johore
Kedah
Kelantan
Negri Sembilan
Pahang
Perak
Perlis
Selangor
Trengganu
British North Borneo, 1877, to Malaysia 1963 (Sabah)
Sarawak, to James Brooke 1841, Crown Colony 1946, to Malaysia 1963
Brunei, protectorate 1888, independent 1984
Weihai Wei, 1898, to China 1930
Hong Kong, 1841, to China 1997
British North America
Canada, dominion 1867
Ontario (Upper Canada), 1759, autonomous 1840
Quebec (Lower Canada), 1759, autonomous 1840
Nova Scotia, 1717, autonomous 1854
New Brunswick, 1759, autonomous 1854
Prince Edward Island, 1759, autonomous 1854
Northwest Territories
Yukon Territory
Manitoba
Alberta
Saskatchewan
British Columbia, 1849 (Vancouver Island) 1858
Newfoundland, 1583, to Canada 1949
United States, independent 1783
New Hampshire, 1680
Massachusetts, 1629
Delaware, 1664
Pennsylvania, 1681
New Jersey, 1664
New York, 1664
Georgia, 1732
Connecticut, 1639
Maryland, 1632
South Carolina, 1665
North Carolina, 1663
Virginia, 1607
Rhode Island, 1636
Vermont
Florida, 1763, to Spain 1783, to United States 1819
Mosquito Coast, 1655, to Nicaragua 1855
Surinam, 1651, Dutch Guiana 1668
British Guiana, 1796/1815, independent 1966 (Guyana)
British Honduras, 1638/1786, independent 1981 (Belize)
