Войны за Иисуса: Как церковь решала, во что верить [заметки]

1

Frances M. Young, «Monotheism and Christology», in Margaret M. Mitchell and Frances M. Young, eds., The Cambridge History of Christianity: Origins to Constantine (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006), 452–469; Brian E. Daley, «Christ and Christologies», in Susan Ashbrook Harvey and David Hunter, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008), 886–905.

2

О крови Бога см. Игнатий, Ефесянам 1:1 у Bart Ehrman, ed. and trans., The Apostolic Fathers (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 2003), 1:219; Allen Brent, Ignatius of Antioch (London: T & T Clark, 2007).

3

Alois Grillmeier, Christ in Christian Tradition, vol1., From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451), rev. ed., trans. John Bowden (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1975).

4

Jaroslav Pelikan and Valerie Hotchkiss, eds., Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition, 4 vols. (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2003); Richard Price and Mary Whitby, eds., Chalcedon in Context (Liverpool: Liverpool Univ. Press, 2009).

5

Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854), 5:235.

6

Witold Witakowski, trans., The Chronicle of Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre (Liverpool: Liverpool Univ. Press, 1996), 35–36.

7

Цитируется по: R. Payne Smith, ed., The Third Part of the Ecclesiastical History of John Bishop of Ephesus (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1860), 7–8.

8

Richard Price and Michael Gaddis, eds., The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon (Liverpool: Liverpool Univ. Press, 2007), 2:156 for «Slaughter him!» For the «Gangster Synod», see William Bright, The Age of the Fathers (London: Longmans, Green, 1903), 2:479–494; John Chapman, «Robber Council of Ephesus», Catholic Encyclopedia (1909), vol5., at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05495a.htm.

9

W. H. C. Frend, The Rise of the Monophysite Movement (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1972); W. H. C. Frend. The Rise of Christianity (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984).

10

О стойких религиозных и культурных тенденциях той эпохи см. Peter Brown, The Rise of Western Christendom, rev. ed. (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003). Gerald O’Collins, Christology (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995). Кроме того, работая над данной книгой, я пользовался Henry Chadwick, The Church in Ancient Society (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001).

11

Thomas R. Lindlof, Hollywood Under Siege (Univ. Press of Kentucky, 2008).

12

Averil Cameron, «The Cult of the Virgin in Late Antiquity», in R. N. Swanson, ed., The Church and Mary (Woodbridge, UK: Boydell, 2004), 1—21; Miri Rubin, Mother of God (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2009).

13

Stephen W. Need, Truly Divine and Truly Human (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson 2008).

14

Pauline Allen, «The Definition and Enforcement of Orthodoxy», in Averil Cameron, Bryan Ward-Perkins, and Michael Whitby, eds., The Cambridge Ancient History: Late Antiquity and Successors a.d.425–600 (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000), 811–834; Mark Edwards, «Synods and Councils», in Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris, eds., The Cambridge History of Christianity: Constantine to c.600 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007), 367–385; and Karl-Heinz Uthemann, «History of Christology to the Seventh Century», in the same volume, 460–500.

15

Grillmeier, Apostolic Age to Chalcedon, 520–542; Robert Victor Sellers, The Council of Chalcedon (London: S. P. C. K., 1953); Price and Gaddis, eds., Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:1—75. В 1951 году католическая церковь все еще считала собор достаточно важным, чтобы устроить торжества в честь его 1500-летия: Alois Grillmeier, ed., Das Konzil von Chalkedon, 3 vols. (Wrzburg, Germany: Echter-Verl, 1951).

16

J. N. D. Kelly, The Athanasian Creed (New York: Harper and Row, 1964).

17

Цитаты из Льва Великого, «Letters and Sermons», in Philip Schaff and H. Wace, eds. A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1895), series 2, vol.12, 39–43; p.41; о Лазаре:.Alois Grillmeier, Christ in Christian Tradition, vol.2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590–604) (London: Mowbray, 1996); Bernard Green, The Soteriology of Leo the Great (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008).

18

Видоизмененная цитата из Льва Великого по «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 58.

19

Цитируется по J. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies (London: S. P. C. K., 1966), 98. Donald Fairbairn, Grace and Christology in the Early Church (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003).

20

Norman Russell, The Doctrine of Deification in the Greek Patristic Tradition, rev. ed. (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006).

21

Frend, Rise of Christianity.

22

Paul B. Clayton, The Christology of Theodoret of Cyrus (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007). В качестве современного примера можно вспомнить о спорах вокруг богослова из иезуитов Иона Собрино, христологические представления которого навлекли на себя яростную критику со стороны Ватикана. См., например, его книгу Jon Sobrino, Christology at the Crossroads (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1978).

23

Brown, Rise of Western Christendom, 113–122. Jaroslav Pelikan, Jesus through the Centuries (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1999).

24

Clayton, Christology of Theodoret of Cyrus.

25

Elizabeth S. Bolman, ed., Monastic Visions (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2002); Robert S. Nelson and Kristen M. Collins, eds., Holy Image, Hallowed Ground (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2006). For Christ as infant, see Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Edward Walford, ed., A History of the Church (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854), 258; Nestorius, The Bazaar of Heracleides, ed., G. R. Driver and Leonard Hodgson (Oxford: Clarendon, 1925), 137–138.

26

Euan Cameron, Interpreting Christian History (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005).

27

Ramsay MacMullen, Christianizing the Roman Empire a.d.100–400 (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1986), 93.

28

Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity (San Francisco: Harper One, 2008).

29

Eugène Hyvernat, «Coptic Persecutions», Catholic Encyclopedia (1911), vol.11, at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11707a.htm. Birger A. Pearson and James E. Goehring, eds., The Roots of Egyptian Christianity (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986); Stephen J. Davis, The Early Coptic Papacy (Cairo: American Univ. in Cairo Press, 2005); Roger S. Bagnall, ed., Egypt in the Byzantine World, 300–700 (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007); James E. Goehring and Janet A. Timbie, eds., The World of Early Egyptian Christianity (Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press, 2007).

30

Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement; Brown, Rise of Western Christendom.

31

Chris Wickham, Framing the Early Middle Ages (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2005); Chris Wickham, The Inheritance of Rome (London: Allen Lane, 2009); Julia M. H. Smith, Europe after Rome (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2005).

32

Brown, Rise of Western Christendom. Leslie Webster and Michelle Brown, eds., The Transformation of the Roman World a.d.400–900 (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1997).

33

Jenkins, Lost History of Christianity.

34

Fergus Millar, A Greek Roman Empire (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2006); Henry Chadwick, East and West (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003).

35

J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Barbarian West, 400—1000 revised ed. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996). For the prevailing languages of the fifth century, see Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 84—129.

36

James Carroll, Constantine’s Sword (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2001); Elaine Pagels, Beyond Belief (New York: Random House, 2003); Karen King, What Is Gnosticism? (Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard Univ. Press, 2003); Bart D. Ehrman, Lost Christianities (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003); David L. Dungan, Constantine’s Bible (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2007). Подобную историю падения и заката рассказывают Rita Nakashima Brock and Rebecca Ann Parker, Saving Paradise (Boston: Beacon, 2008), хотя они считают, что переходный период начался гораздо позже.

37

Richard E. Rubenstein, When Jesus Became God (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1999).

38

О других ритуалах принадлежности см. Michael Philip Penn, Kissing Christians (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2005).

39

Ramsay MacMullen, Voting About God in Early Church Councils (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2006). Norman P. Tanner, ed., Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils (Washington, DC: Georgetown Univ. Press, 1990).

40

Michael Gaddis, There Is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2005).

41

MacMullen, Voting About God.

42

Millar, Greek Roman Empire.

43

Gaddis, No Crime for Those Who Have Christ.

44

Guy G. Stroumsa, «Religious Dynamics Between Christians and Jews in Late Antiquity (312–640)», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 151–172.

45

H. A. Drake, «The Church, Society and Political Power», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 403–428.

46

Gaddis, No Crime for Those Who Have Christ. Относительно монахов см. Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Asceticism and Society in Crisis (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1990); Daniel Caner, Wandering, Begging Monks (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2002); Jennifer L. Hevelone-Harper, Disciples of the Desert (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2005).

47

Gustaf Aulén, Christus Victor (New York: Macmillan, 1972); Sandra Visser and Thomas Williams, Anselm (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2009).

48

Alan Cameron, Circus Factions (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1976).

49

Евагрий Схоластик, История Церкви, III, 44. В английском оригинале цитируется по: Walford, History of the Church, 386.

50

Thomas Sizgorich, Violence and Belief in Late Antiquity (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2008); Patrick Cockburn, Muqtada Al-Sadr (New York: Scribner, 2008).

51

Frend, Rise of Christianity. В должной мере доступное для читателя обсуждение соответствующих вопросов и дебатов см. в следующих работах: Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 5:197–284; Anthony Maas, «Christology», Catholic Encyclopedia (1912), vol.14, at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14597a.htm; J. Levison and P. Pope-Levison, «Christology», in William A. Dyrness and Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, eds., Global Dictionary of Theology (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2008), 167–186; Giusto Traina, 428 AD (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 2009).

52

Raymond E. Brown, An Introduction to New Testament Christology (New York: Paulist, 1994); Gregory Riley, One Jesus, Many Christs (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1997); Richard Bauckham, God Crucified (Carlisle, UK: Paternoster, 1998); Jaroslav Pelikan, The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600), vol.1, The Christian Tradition (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1971).

53

Послание к Ефесянам 7 Игнатия цитируется по: Bart Ehrman, ed., Apostolic Fathers, 2 vols. (Boston: Harvard Univ. Press, 2003), vol.1, 227; Henry Bettenson, ed. The Early Christian Fathers (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1969); J. N. D. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, 5th rev. ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 1978); James H. Charlesworth and James R. Mueller, The New Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 1987); Helmut Koester, Ancient Christian Gospels (Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1990). О сложных взаимоотношениях между «еретическими» представлениями и будущей ортодоксией см. Mark Edwards, Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church (Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2009).

54

Относительно эбионитов см. Eusebius of Caesarea, The Ecclesiastical History, 2 vols. ed. and trans. Kirsopp Lake, Loeb Classical Library (London: Heinemann, 1926–1932), Book 3, 26–28; Antti Marjanen and Petri Luomanen, eds., A Companion to Second-Century Christian «Heretics» (Leiden: Brill, 2005); Matt Jackson-McCabe, ed., Jewish Christianity Reconsidered (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2007).

55

Ehrman, Lost Christianities; Bart D. Ehrman, The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1993).

56

Евангелие от Петра цитируется по: Wilhelm Schneemelcher, ed., New Testament Apocrypha rev. ed. (London: SCM, 1963), 1:184. О Керинфе см. Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, Book 3, 28. Ириней цитируется по: Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds., The Apostolic Fathers, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers (New York: Scribner, 1926), 1:352; Roberts and Donaldson, Apostolic Fathers, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers, 1:325. О воскресении Христа как моменте «провозглашения» его божественности см. Рим 1:3–4.

57

C. C. Martindale, «Epiphany», Catholic Encyclopedia (1909), vol.5, at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05504c.htm; Everett Ferguson, Baptism in the Early Church (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009).

58

О Павле Самосатском см. Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, Book 7, 27–30; о взглядах Павла Самосатского см. Frederick C. Conybeare, «Paul of Samosata», Encyclopedia Britannica (New York: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911), 20:958; Epiphanius, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, 2 vols., trans. Frank Williams (Leiden: Brill, 1987–1994), 2:209–218; Virginia Burrus, «Begotten, Not Made» (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 2000), 22–25.

59

Выражение «атеисты и неверные» из Послания Игнатия к Траллийцам 10 цитируется по: Ehrman, Apostolic Fathers, 1:264–265. Цитата из Мани по: Epiphanius, Panarion of Epiphanius, 2:227; Тертуллиан De Carne Christi цитируется по: Allan Menzies, ed., Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian, in Ante-Nicene Fathers (New York: Scribner, 1926), 3:911–951.

60

Epiphanius, Panarion of Epiphanius, 2:121–127; Young, «Monotheism and Christology», in Mitchell and Young, Cambridge History of Christianity, 452–469.

61

Henry Bettenson, ed., The Later Christian Fathers (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1969); Trevor Hart, «Creeds, Councils and Doctrinal Development», in Philip F. Esler, ed., The Early Christian World (New York: Routledge, 2000), 1:636–659.

62

Лозунг «Никогда не было…» из John Bowden, «Christology» in John Bowden, ed., Encyclopedia of Christianity (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2005), 220; Rowan Williams, Arius, rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002); Thomas C. Ferguson, The Past Is Prologue (Leiden: Brill, 2005); J. Rebecca Lyman, «Arius and Arians», in Harvey and Hunter, Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies, 237—57.

63

J. N. D. Kelly, Early Christian Creeds, 3rd ed. (New York: Longman, 1981, originally published 1972). О Никейском соборе см. Timothy D. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1981); Timothy D. Barnes, Athanasius and Constantius (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1993); John Behr, The Way to Nicaea (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2001); Mark Edwards, «The First Council of Nicaea», in Mitchell and Young, Cambridge History of Christianity, 552–567; Lewis Ayres, Nicaea and Its Legacy (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006).

64

Karl-Heinz Uthemann, «History of Christology to the Seventh Century», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 460–500.

65

Grillmeier, Apostolic Age to Chalcedon.

66

J. Stevenson, ed., A New Eusebius (London: S. P. C. K., 1957), 279–280. MacMullen, Voting About God, 26–27.

67

Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 5:207.

68

Аполлинарий цитируется по Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 116.

69

«Слово Бога не сходило…» цитируется по Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 96; «Священное Писание…» – по Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 115.

70

Шэфф цитируется по Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993 printing), 2:64. Дамас цитируется по Theodoret, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 3:139. О Первом Константинопольском соборе см. Henry R. Percival, «The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 12:161–190. Rubenstein, When Jesus Became God, 211–321; Charles Freeman, a.d.381 (London: Pimlico, 2008).

71

Анафемы цитируются по Theodoret, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 139–140.

72

Frend, Rise of Christianity, 629–642. Andrew Louth, «Later Theologians of the Greek East», in Esler, Early Christian World, 1:580–600; Edward Rochie Hardy, ed., Christology of the Later Fathers (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1954).

73

Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 115; Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement; Rubenstein, When Jesus Became God, 204–208.

74

Susan Wessel, Cyril of Alexandria and the Nestorian Controversy (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2004).

75

Lionel R. Wickham, ed., Cyril of Alexandria: Select Letters (Oxford: Clarendon, 1983); Norman Russell, Cyril of Alexandria (New York: Routledge, 2000); John A. McGuckin, St Cyril of Alexandria: The Christological Controversy (Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2004); Wessel, Cyril of Alexandria. В защиту Кирилла см. B. T. A. Evetts, ed., History of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria (Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1948—59), 2:403–423.

76

Цитаты из Второго Послания Кирилла к Несторию приводятся по Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:175–177. John A. McGuckin, ed., St. Cyril of Alexandria: On the Unity of Christ (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1995); Steven A. McKinion, Words, Imagery, and the Mystery of Christ (Leiden: Brill, 2000).

77

Третье Послание Кирилла цитируется по Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 284.

78

О поддельном тексте см. Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 121.

79

Brent, Ignatius of Antioch; Susan Ashbrook Harvey, «Syria and Mesopotamia», in Mitchell and Young, Cambridge History of Christianity, 331–350.

80

Frances M. Young, From Nicaea to Chalcedon (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983); Robert C. Hill, Reading the Old Testament in Antioch (Leiden: Brill, 2005); Raffaella Cribiore, The School of Libanius in Late Antique Antioch (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 2007); Isabella Sandwell, Religious Identity in Late Antiquity (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).

81

Frederick G. McLeod, The Image of God in the Antiochene Tradition (Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press, 1999); Robert C. Hill, Diodore of Tarsus: Commentary on Psalms 1—51 (Leiden: Brill, 2005); Clayton, Christology of Theodoret, 53–74.

82

Theresa Urbainczyk, Theodoret of Cyrrhus (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2002); Frederick G. McLeod, The Roles of Christ’s Humanity in Salvation (Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press, 2005); István Pásztori-Kupán, Theodoret of Cyrus (New York: Routledge, 2006).

83

Frend, Rise of Christianity.

84

Richard Lim, Public Disputation, Power and Social Order in Late Antiquity (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1995), 149.

85

MacMullen, Voting About God, 28–29. Послания Кирилла см. Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 9:201–205: данная цитата со с.204.

86

Edward Pace, «Hypostatic Union», Catholic Encyclopedia (1910), vol.7, at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07610b.htm. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 36.

87

Green, Soteriology of Leo the Great; Susan Wessel, Leo the Great and the Spiritual Rebuilding of a Universal Rome (Leiden: Brill, 2008), 209–257.

88

Cameron, Circus Factions; MacMullen, Voting About God, 13.

89

Patrick T. R. Gray, The Defense of Chalcedon in the East (451–553) (Leiden: Brill, 1979), 18; Cornelia B. Horn, Asceticism and Christological Controversy in Fifth-Century Palestine (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006); Hagith Sivan, Palestine in Late Antiquity (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008).

90

Brown, Rise of Western Christendom, 93—122; Chadwick, Church in Ancient Society; Claudia Rapp, Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2005).

91

Об Афанасии и Александре см. Khaled Anatolios, Athanasius (New York: Routledge, 2004), 3. David Brakke, «Athanasius», in Esler, Early Christian World, 2:1102–1127; Davis, Early Coptic Papacy. Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:425–443.

92

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 21:5—15.

93

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:24.

94

Цитата из Henry Bettenson, ed., Documents of the Christian Church (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1943), 31.

95

О состоянии епископата в Африке см. Erika Hermanowicz, Possidius of Calama (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008); о патриархе Востока см. Jenkins, Lost History of Christianity.

96

Raymond Van Dam, The Roman Revolution of Constantine (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007). For the First Council of Constantinople, see Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 12:161–190.

97

J. N. D. Kelly, Golden Mouth (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 1995); Helmut Koester, ed., Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia (Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International, 1995). Об Иоанне Златоусте и Эфесе см. Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 2:403.

98

E. A. J. Honigmann, «Juvenal of Jerusalem», in Dumbarton Oaks Papers, no.5 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1950), 209–279.

99

Цитата из Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 356.

100

О развитии института папства см. Jeffrey Richards, The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages (New York: Routledge, 1979); Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1997); Philippe Levillain, ed., The Papacy: An Encyclopedia (New York: Routledge, 2002); Wessel, Leo the Great; Roger Collins, Keepers of the Keys of Heaven (New York: Basic Books, 2009).

101

John R. Curran, Pagan City and Christian Capital (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999); Dennis Trout, «Saints, Identity and the City», in Virginia Burrus, ed., Late Ancient Christianity (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2005), 164–187; о возникновении папства и возвышении Римской церкви см. Éamonn Ó Carragáin and Carol L. Neuman de Vegvar, eds., Roma Felix (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007).

102

«Мы несем…» цитируется по Klaus Schatz, Papal Primacy (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1996), 30.

103

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 7. Wessel, Leo the Great, 285–321.

104

Smith, Europe after Rome; Stephen Mitchell, A History of the Later Roman Empire, a.d.284–641 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007); John F. Drinkwater, The Alamanni and Rome 213–496 (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007); Michael Kulikowski, Rome’s Gothic Wars from the Third Century to Alaric (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007); Traina, 428 AD.

105

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons» in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church: о диктаторских замашках папы, 6; о Галии, 8—12; о Льве и Иллирике, 6. Johann Peter Kirsch, «Pope St. Leo I (the Great)», Catholic Encyclopedia (1910), vol.9, at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09154b.htm. Wessel, Leo the Great, 53—136; Paul-André Jacob, ed., La Vie d’Hilaire d’Arles (Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1995).

106

Alan Cameron and Jacqueline Long, Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1993); Bryan Ward-Perkins, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press 2005); Peter Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006). О численности населения Рима см. Barry Cunliffe, Europe Between the Oceans (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2008), 426.

107

Цитата из Льва Великого по Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 83; Millar, A Greek Roman Empire, 1—38, 84—129.

108

John Drinkwater and Hugh Elton, eds., Fifth-Century Gaul (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992). О росте западного христианства в ту эпоху см. R. A. Markus, The End of Ancient Christianity (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991); Ivor Davidson, «Later Theologians of the West», in Esler, Early Christian World, 1:602–634.

109

Davis, Early Coptic Papacy; Roger S. Bagnall, Egypt in Late Antiquity (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993). См. статьи в книге Bagnall, Egypt in the Byzantine World, 300–700, особенно Zsolt Kiss, «Alexandria in the Fourth to Seventh Centuries», 187–206.

110

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 1. Walther Bauer, Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity (London: SCM, 1972); Pearson and Goehring, Roots of Egyptian Christianity; Birger A. Pearson, Gnosticism and Roman and Coptic Egypt (New York: T & T Clark, 2004); Birger A. Pearson, «Egypt», in Mitchell and Young, Cambridge History of Christianity, 351–365.

111

Colin H. Roberts, Manuscript, Society, and Belief in Early Christian Egypt (London: published for the British Academy by Oxford Univ. Press, 1979). C. Wilfred Griggs, Early Egyptian Christianity (Leiden: Brill, 1990).

112

Christopher Haas, Alexandria in Late Antiquity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1997). Goehring and Timbie, World of Early Egyptian Christianity.

113

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 2:126–127; Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 2:385–386. Norman Russell, Theophilus of Alexandria (New York: Routledge, 2007); David Frankfurter «Christianity and Paganism I: Egypt», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 173–188.

114

Цитата из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 159–160. Александрия славилась конфликтами группировок и агрессивной непокорностью еще задолго до триумфа христианства: см. Andrew Harker, Loyalty and Dissidence in Roman Egypt (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2008). О линчевании см. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 60–61.

115

Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 72; Rebecca Krawiec, Shenoute and the Women of the White Monastery (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002); Caroline T. Schroeder, Monastic Bodies (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2007). Об особенностях египетского христианства см. Alois Grillmeier, Christ in Christian Tradition, vol.2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590–604), part 4, The Church of Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451 (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1996), 167–228; David Frankfurter, ed., Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt (Leiden: Brill, 1998).

116

Patrick Healy, «Parabolani», Catholic Encyclopedia (1911), vol.11, at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11467a.htm. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 158–159, 191–192.

117

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 159–161. Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:430–443.

118

См. Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 159–161.

119

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 159–160.

120

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 160.

121

Цитата из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 160; R. H. Charles, ed., The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu (London: Williams & Norgate, 1916), 100–102; Michael A. B. Deakin, Hypatia of Alexandria (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2007).

122

Harold G. Marcus, A History of Ethiopia, rev. ed. (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2002).

123

Frend, Rise of Christianity.

124

Vasiliki Limberis, Divine Heiress (New York: Routledge, 1994).

125

Brian Croke, «Justinian’s Constantinople» in Michael Maas, ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005), 60–86.

126

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 138–139; Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 399–401; Kelly, Golden Mouth; Chadwick, Church in Ancient Society, 479–498; Jaclyn L. Maxwell, Christianization and Communication in Late Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006).

127

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 138–152; Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 402–418; Theodoret, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 151–156; J. N. D. Kelly, Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975); Limberis, Divine Heiress; Russell, Theophilus of Alexandria.

128

J. W. H. G. Liebeschuetz, Barbarians and Bishops (Oxford: Clarendon, 1990).

129

Averil Cameron. The Mediteranean World in Late Antiquity, a.d.395–600 (New York: Routledge, 1993); Chadwick, Church in Ancient Society; Webster and Brown, Transformation of the Roman World a.d.400–900.

130

Liebeschuetz, Barbarians and Bishops; Averil Cameron, The Later Roman Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1993).

131

Timothy D. Barnes, The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1982); Matthew P. Canepa, The Two Eyes of the Earth (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2009).

132

Kate Cooper and Julia Hillner, eds., Religion, Dynasty and Patronage in Early Christian Rome, 300–900 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007); Wessel, Leo the Great, 10–16.

133

Cameron and Long, Barbarians and Politics; Penny MacGeorge, Late Roman Warlords (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003).

134

Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 39–83; Drinkwater and Elton, Fifth-Century Gaul.

135

Christopher Kelly, Ruling the Later Roman Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 2004); Adrian Goldsworthy, The Fall of the West (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2009). Shaun Tougher, The Eunuch in Byzantine History and Society (New York: Routledge, 2008).

136

Цитата из C. D. Gordon, ed., The Age of Attila (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1960), 27–28.

137

Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 130–167; Derek Krueger, «Christian Piety and Practice in the Sixth Century», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, 291–315.

138

Jaroslav Pelikan, The Excellent Empire (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987); Ward-Perkins, Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization; Heather, Fall of the Roman Empire; Goldsworthy, Fall of the West.

139

Цитата «Налоги собирают…» из J. B. Bury, A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene (London: Macmillan, 1889), 219. Цитата из Сальвиана по Salvian, On the Government of God, ed., by Eva M. Sanford (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1930), 109. Goldsworthy, Fall of the West.

140

Raymond Van Dam, «Bishops and Society», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 343–366; Rapp, Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity; Peter Brown, Authority and the Sacred (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997).

141

Susan R. Holman, The Hungry Are Dying (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001); Peter Brown, Poverty and Leadership in the Later Roman Empire (Hanover, NH: Univ. Press of New England, 2002); Andrew T. Crislip, From Monastery to Hospital (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2005); Wessel, Leo the Great, 179–207.

142

Об обвинениях против Ибаса см. Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:285.

143

Выражение «дух амбициозного соперничества» из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 169. Цитата «предотвратить беспорядки…» из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 175.

144

James E. Goehring, Ascetics, Society, and the Desert (Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1999); Columba Stewart, «Monasticism», in Esler, Early Christian World, 1:344–368; Philip Rousseau, «Monasticism», in Cameron, Ward-Perkins, and Whitby, Cambridge Ancient History, 14:745–780; David Brakke, Demons and the Making of the Monk (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 2006).

145

Claudia Rapp, «Saints and Holy Men», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 548–566; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 272–275.

146

Выражение «мертвое тело без могилы» из Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 284–287. Peter Brown, Body and Society (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1988); Peter Brown, Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1989); Susanna Elm, Virgins of God (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1994); Teresa M. Shaw, The Burden of the Flesh (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1998); Dale B. Martin and Patricia Cox Miller eds., The Cultural Turn in Late Ancient Studies (Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press, 2005). David G. Hunter, «Sexuality, Marriage and the Family», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 585–600; см. В том же томе Samuel Rubenson «Asceticism And Monasticism», 637–668.

147

О Севире см. Witakowski, Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre, 14–15; Pauline Allen and Robert Hayward, Severus of Antioch (New York: Routledge 2004).

148

Peter Brown, The World of Late Antiquity (London: Thames and Hudson, 1971).

149

Peter Brown, Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1992).

150

Kenneth Holum, Theodosian Empresses (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1982).

151

Stewart Irvin Oost, Galla Placidia Augusta (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1968).

152

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 164.

153

Christopher Kelly, Attila the Hun (Oxford: Bodley Head, 2008).

154

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 304–305.

155

Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 419–421. Ada B. Teetgen, The Life and Times of the Empress Pulcheria, a.d.339 – a.d.452 (London: Swan Sonnenschein, 1907).

156

Цитата «Она прежде всего посвятила…» из Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 419. См. также Horn, Asceticism and Christological Controversy. О женском христианском благочестии в античности см. Lynda L. Coon, Sacred Fictions (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1997); Krawiec, Shenoute and the Women of the White Monastery; Nicola Frances Denzey, The Bone Gatherers (Boston: Beacon, 2007).

157

Kate Cooper, «Empress and Theotokos», in Swanson, Church and Mary, 39–51; Limberis, Divine Heiress.

158

Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 419.

159

Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 419.

160

Цитата «Он превратил свой дворец…» из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 164–165. О девственности императора см. Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 105.

161

Об Испании см. Michael Kulikowski, Late Roman Spain and Its Cities (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2004). О христианстве в Персии см. Elizabeth Key Fowden, The Barbarian Plain (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1999); Joel Thomas Walker, The Legend of Mar Qardagh (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2006).

162

Robert Louis Wilken, John Chrysostom and the Jews (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1983); Charlotte Elisheva Fonrobert, «Jewish Christians, Judaizers, and Christian anti-Judaism», in Burrus, Late Ancient Christianity, 234–254. Об инциденте в Каллинике см. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 137–138, 158. О критике нетерпимости той эпохи см. Paula Frederiksen, Augustine and the Jews (New York: Doubleday, 2008).

163

См. Scott Bradbury, Severus of Minorca (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1996).

164

О законах против иудеев см. Jacob Rader Marcus, ed., The Jew in the Medieval World (Cincinnati, OH: Hebrew Union College Press, 1999), 5–6. Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 84—129. О распятии в насмешку см. Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», 161; Elliott Horowitz, Reckless Rites (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 2006), 215–217; Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 102–103. О погромах в Антиохии см. Witakowski, Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre, 2–3; Walter de Lange, «Jews in the Age of Justinian», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, 510–534.

165

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 282–283; M. D. Usher, Homeric Stitchings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998).

166

Stuart George Hall, «Ecclesiology Forged in the Wake of Persecution», in Mitchell and Young, Cambridge History of Christianity, 470–484.

167

Stephen Williams and Gerard Friell, Theodosius (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1994); Neil B. McLynn, Ambrose of Milan (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1994); Bill Leadbetter, «From Constantine to Theodosius», in Esler, Early Christian World, 1:258–292.

168

Freeman, a.d.381; R. P. C. Hanson, The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1988); Ferguson, Past Is Prologue. О ранних законах против манихеев см. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 95. Об отношении Феодосия к последователям Аполлинария см. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 95–96.

169

Rubenstein, When Jesus Became God, 211–231; Freeman, a.d.381; Chadwick, Church in Ancient Society, 415–432.

170

Virginia Burrus, The Making of a Heretic (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1995); Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 151–155. О последователях Присциллиана в V веке см. Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 12:20–26.

171

Об Амвросии см. Theodoret, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 3:143; Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 140–142; McLynn, Ambrose of Milan. О разрушении храмов см. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 261; Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 393–394; John Moorhead, Ambrose (New York: Longman, 1999); Freeman, a.d.381.

172

J. Rebecca Lyman, «Heresiology», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 296–314; W. H. C. Frend, The Donatist Church (Oxford: Clarendon, 1985).

173

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 158.

174

Freeman, a.d.381.

175

W. H. C. Frend, «Martyrdom and Political Oppression» in Esler, Early Christian World, 2:815–839; Elizabeth A. Castelli, Martyrdom and Memory (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2004); Virginia Burrus, Saving Shame (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2007).

176

Об Иоанне Эфесском см. Witakowski, Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre, 72. О сохранении язычества см. MacMullen, Christianizing the Roman Empire a.d.100–400, 83; Ramsay MacMullen, Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1999). Raymond Van Dam, Becoming Christian (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2003). О медленных темпах массового обращения см. Ramsay MacMullen, The Second Church (Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009).

177

Цитата «Дьявол, родоначальник…» из Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:150. Парафразированные слова Нестория из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 169.

178

Ian Gillman and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, Christians in Asia before 1500 (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1999); Jenkins, Lost History of Christianity.

179

Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 157–167; Traina, 428 AD.

180

E. B. Pusey, preface to E. B. Pusey and P. E. Pusey, eds., St. Cyril of Alexandria: Five Tomes Against Nestorius (Oxford: James Parker, 1881), xl – xliv; John Chapman, «Nestorius and Nestorianism», Catholic Encyclopedia (1911), vol.10, at http:// www.newadvent.org/cathen/10755a.htm; Friedrich Loofs, Nestorius and his Place in the History of Christian Doctrine (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1914).

181

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 169–170; Traina, 428 AD, 7–9, 34–38.

182

О Прокле см. Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 169; D. F. Wright, «From ‘God-Bearer’ to ‘Mother of God’ in the Later Fathers», in Swanson, Church and Mary, 22–30. О Пульхерии см. Holum, Theodosian Empresses.

183

Young, Nicaea to Chalcedon; Wessel, Cyril of Alexandria.

184

Цитата из Анастасия из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 170–171; «Анафема да будет…» из Pusey and Pusey, preface to St. Cyril of Alexandria: Five Tomes (hereafter referred to as Pusey, «Preface»), li; об отказе от причастия см. Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 258.

185

Цитируется по Pusey, «Preface», xx, liv – lv.

186

Цитируется по Pusey, «Preface», li.

187

Price, «Marian Piety and the Nestorian Controversy», in Swanson, Church and Mary, 31–38; Jaroslav Pelikan, Mary through the Centuries (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1996); Luigi Gambero, Mary and the Fathers of the Church (San Francisco: Ignatius, 1999); Stephen J. Shoemaker, The Ancient Traditions of the Virgin Mary’s Dormition and Assumption (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006); Rubin, Mother of God.

188

Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 141; Douglas Burton-Christie, The Word in the Desert (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1993).

189

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 257–258.

190

Относительно спора о термине Christotokos см. Pusey, «Preface», xlix; lv-lvi for Eusebius; xxi.

191

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 170–171.

192

Проповедь Прокла цитируется по Maurice Wiles and Mark Santer, eds., Documents in Early Christian Thought (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1975), 61–63. О прочих трудах Прокла см. Limberis, Divine Heiress; Nicholas Constas, Proclus of Constantinople and the Cult of the Virgin in Late Antiquity (Leiden: Brill, 2003).

193

Pusey, «Preface», liii; for Dalmatius, lxxxviii.

194

О том, как Несторий расправлялся с противниками, см. Pusey, «Preface», lii – liv. Цитаты «Он немедленно приказал…» из Pusey, «Peface», lii; «Измученные, голодные…» из Pusey, «Preface», liii.

195

Limberis, Divine Heiress, 59.

196

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 96.

197

Цитата из Кирилла по Pusey, «Preface», lxiv; см. также lviii. St. Cyril of Alexandria: Letters, trans., John I. McEnerney, 2 vols. (Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press, 1987). Об александрийских представлениях самого Кирилла см. Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:432–434.

198

Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 12:197–198.

199

Grillmeier, Apostolic Age to Chalcedon, 451–488.

200

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 100, 349–351, парафразировано.

201

Pusey, «Preface», lviii – lx.

202

Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 12:197–198.

203

Выражение «исполнены богохульства» из Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:433–434; послание Нестория к Кириллу можно найти на сайте http://www.monachos.net/library/Nestorius_of_Constantinople,_Second_Epistle_to_ Cyril_of_Alexandria.

204

Цитата из второго послания Нестория, приведена на сайте http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/cyril_against_nestorius_00_intro.htm.

205

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 92.

206

Pusey, «Preface», xxi – xxii.

207

Евангельские цитаты из Ин 14:9 и Ин 10:30 приведены в третьем послании Кирилла, см. Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 201–205. Цитата о ковчеге из P. E. Pusey, ed., Cyril of Alexandria: Scholia on the Incarnation of the Only-Begotten (Oxford: James Parker, 1881), 196.

208

Pusey, Cyril of Alexandria: Scholia, 194.

209

Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 125.

210

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:295–296.

211

Pusey, «Preface», xxii.

212

Цитата «Кирилл прибег к оружию…» из Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:437; «Хотя Арий…» – из Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:433.

213

Pusey, «Preface», xxi.

214

Pusey, «Preface», lxvi; Wessel, Leo the Great, 209–257.

215

Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 201–205, парафраз.

216

См. подробный разбор анафематизмов у Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 206–218.

217

Millar, Greek Roman Empire.

218

Pusey, «Preface», lxix – lxxi, парафраз.

219

О предостережениях Иоанна см. Pusey, «Preface», xlvii – xlviii, lxvii; о реакции Целестина см. Pusey, «Preface», lxix.

220

Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 235–248; Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 172. John Chapman, «Council of Ephesus», Catholic Encyclopedia (1909), vol.5 на сайте http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05491a.htm.

221

Stefan Karwiese, «The Church of Mary and the Temple of Hadrian Olympios» in Koester, Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia, 311–320; Vasiliki Limberis, «The Council of Ephesos» in Koester, Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia, 321–340.

222

О ходе собора см. Wessel, Cyril of Alexandria, 138–190; McGuckin, St. Cyril of Alexandria: The Christological Controversy, 1—107. Leo Donald Davis, The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (Wilmington, DE: Glazier, 1983).

223

Слова Нестория приводятся по Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:438. Janet A. Timbie, «Reading and Rereading Shenoute’s ‘I Am Amazed’», in Goehring and Timbie, World of Early Egyptian Christianity.

224

Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 168–191; Pusey, «Preface», lxxiii; Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 106. Относительно мнения египтян о Кандидиане см. Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:438–439. Слова «великая толпа…» из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 172.

225

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 259–261; Pusey, «Preface», lxxix; Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 113–116.

226

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 350.

227

Wessel, Cyril of Alexandria.

228

Парафраз из Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 135. О заседаниях собора см. Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 191–242.

229

Слова Нестория из Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 133.

230

Cм. Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 135–140.

231

Цитата «Не принял…» по Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 237–239; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 261; Chapman, «Council of Ephesus», Catholic Encyclopedia.

232

Pusey, «Preface», lxxx, lxxxi – lxxxiv; Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 226–229; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 261. О беспорядках в Эфесе см. Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 266–268. Мнение Ивы об анафематизмах см. Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:296–297; здесь же содержится замечание Ивы «Никто не осмеливался…». До нас дошло также несколько обстоятельных писем Феодорита, где он описывает эти события, см. Theodoret, «Letters», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 3:323–342; Clayton, Christology of Theodoret, 135–166.

233

Pusey, «Preface», xxix.

234

Chapman, «Council of Ephesus», Catholic Encyclopedia.

235

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexndria, 2:438–439; Pusey, «Preface», lxxxv.

236

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexndria, 2:440; Pusey, «Preface», lxxxvii – lxxxviii.

237

Цитируется по Pusey, «Preface», lxxxviii.

238

Все цитаты из Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 272–273, парафраз.

239

Все цитаты из Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 273–277.

240

Все цитаты из Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 277–278, парафраз.

241

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:298; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 262.

242

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:178–183.

243

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 271–272; Pusey, «Preface», lxxviii – lxxix.

244

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 257.

245

Все цитаты из Евагрия отсюда: Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 263–267. Письмо цитируется по стр.266.

246

См. Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:441.

247

Chadwick, Church in Ancient Society, 515–591; Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 3 vols. (Liverpool: Liverpool Univ. Press, 2007).

248

О Евдокии см. Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 284; Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 178; Holum, Theodosian Empresses. Об отстранении Пульхерии см. Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu (London: Williams & Norgate, 1916), 106–108.

249

Ward-Perkins, Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization; Heather, Fall of the Roman Empire.

250

О социальном кризисе вследствие угнетения со стороны властей см. Salvian, On the Government of God, 143–146. Wickham, Framing the Early Middle Ages; Wickham, Inheritance of Rome.

251

A. H. Merrills, ed., Vandals, Romans and Berbers (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2004).

252

Kelly, Attila the Hun; Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 39–83.

253

Brian Croke, Count Marcellinus and His Chronicle (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001).

254

Цитируется по Brian Croke, «The Context and Date of Priscus», Classical Philology 78, no.4 (1983): 297–308.

255

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 363, парафраз.

256

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 364.

257

Цитируется по Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 339; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 267; John Chapman, «Monophysites and Monophysitism», Catholic Encyclopedia (1911), vol.10, на сайте http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10489b.htm; John Chapman, «Eutychianism.» Catholic Encyclopedia (1909), vol.5, на сайте http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05633a.htm.

258

Millar, Greek Roman Empire.

259

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 336–341; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 290.

260

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 337–338. Слова «всех лицемеров…» из Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 339. О Евтихии см. Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:23–30.

261

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 336–337.

262

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 352.

263

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 336.

264

Clayton, Christology of Theodoret.

265

О Прокле см. Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 175–176. Об Эдессе см. Robert Doran, Stewards of the Poor (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2006); о глубоких корнях христианства здесь см. Judah B. Segal, Edessa ‘The Blessed City’ (Oxford: Clarendon, 1970); Steven K. Ross, Roman Edessa (London: Routledge, 2001).

266

Davis, First Seven Ecumenical Councils, 170–205.

267

Цитируется по Theodoret, «Letters», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 3:346; Grillmeier, Apostolic Age to Chalcedon, 488–520.

268

Theodoret, «Dialogues», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 3:160–244; цитата из Феодорита по Theodoret, «Dialogues», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 160. Сравни Clayton, Christology of Theodoret of Cyrus, 215–282.

269

Bright, Age of the Fathers, 2:427–430.

270

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 12:32 (курсив мой).

271

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:24–30.

272

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:224.

273

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 32–34.

274

«Почтенных священнослужителей…» и «угрозы голода…» из Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 341; «Эфес должен стать…» из Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 345. О Флавиане и императоре см. Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 341–342.

275

Stephen J. Davis, The Early Coptic Papacy (Cairo: American Univ. in Cairo Press, 2005).

276

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 351.

277

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 32–38.

278

О Томосе см. Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 39–43; Henry Chadwick, The Early Church (London: Penguin, 1967), 201n.

279

Томос также цитируется по Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:14–24.

280

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 39.

281

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 40.

282

Сравнение с манихеями см. Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 58. Об отношении Льва к манихейству см. Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 6–7; «пришел к безумствам…» из Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 92. Samuel N. C. Lieu, «Christianity and Manichaeism», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 279–294.

283

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 340.

284

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, vol.1; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 268–269, 290.

285

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:144; Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 345–349.

286

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:156; «взбаламутил всю Сирию…» оттуда же.

287

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, vol.1.

288

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 354.

289

Все цитаты из Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:152–153.

290

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:155.

291

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:134, 141.

292

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:153–154.

293

Все цитаты из Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 355–357.

294

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:156.

295

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 361–362.

296

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:344.

297

Theodoret, «Letters», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 323–324.

298

Honigmann, «Juvenal of Jerusalem», 209–279.

299

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 55–57; Theodoret, «Letters», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 312–316, 323–324.

300

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:272–299.

301

Chapman, «Robber Council of Ephesus».

302

См. Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 52–58 относительно ответа Льва собору. «Зная, что их будут терзать…» из Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 53; «[Убежали] от жестокости…» из Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 54.

303

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 70–71. О Льве и Пульхерии см. также 44, 64–65.

304

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 71. Wessel, Leo the Great, 259–283.

305

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 52–58.

306

Evagrius, «History of the Church, in Walford, History of the Church, 287–290; Holum, Theodosian Empresses; Millar, Greek Roman Empire.

307

Francis Schaefer, «Council of Chalcedon», Catholic Encyclopedia (1908), vol.3, на сайте http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03555a.htm; Sellers, Council of Chalcedon; M. Whitby, «The Church Historians and Chalcedon», in Greek and Roman Historiography in Late Antiquity, ed. Gabriele Marasco (Leiden: Brill, 2003).

308

Cameron, Circus Factions.

309

Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 108.

310

John Robert Martindale, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1971) 2:295–296.

311

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 64–71; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 290–291; Wessel, Leo the Great, 259–283.

312

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 291–293.

313

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, vol.1; Price and Whitby, Chalcedon in Context; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 290–301, 317–338.

314

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 294.

315

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 318. Сравни Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:131.

316

«Искуситель…» из Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 72.

317

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:55.

318

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:111.

319

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:364.

320

Gray, Defense of Chalcedon in the East.

321

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 1:134–135.

322

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:149–151.

323

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:149–151.

324

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:117–163.

325

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:183–205.

326

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:198–200; Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 3.

327

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:182–199.

328

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:217–233.

329

Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 263.

330

Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 264.

331

Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 264; сравни Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:203–204.

332

Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 264; сравни Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:204; Kelly, Early Christian Creeds; John H. Leith, Creeds of the Churches, 3rd ed. (Atlanta: John Knox, 1982); Pelikan and Hotchkiss, Creeds and Confessions of Faith.

333

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 72–73.

334

Schaff, Creeds of Christendom, 2:62–63.

335

Schaff, Creeds of Christendom, 2:62–63.

336

Grillmeier, Apostolic Age to Chalcedon, 543–558.

337

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:310–312.

338

Honigmann, «Juvenal of Jerusalem», 209–279.

339

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 3:75–76; Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 287–290.

340

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 74–79; цитата «престол Александрии не должен…» из Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 79.

341

«Пусть он осознает» из Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 77; Wessel, Leo the Great, 323–344.

342

Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 3:111–320.

343

Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 108–109.

344

О реакции на Халкидон см. Grillmeier, Chalcedon from 451 to the Beginning of the Reign of Justinian.

345

Цитата из D. M. Lang, ed., «Biography of the Holy Peter the Iberian», at http://www.angelfire.com/ga/Georgian/iber.html. См. также Cornelia B. Horn and Robert R. Phenix Jr., John Rufus: The Lives of Peter the Iberian, Theodosius of Jerusalem, and the Monk Romanus (Leiden: Brill, 2008). Относительно Льва и Ювеналия см. Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 97–98.

346

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 302–303. О реакции Льва на события в Палестине см. Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 81–82, 91–95. Jan-Eric Steppa, John Rufus and the World Vision of Anti-Chalcedonian Culture (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias, 2002); Cornelia B. Horn, Asceticism and Christological Controversy In Fifth-Century Palestine (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006); Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony and Aryeh Kofsky, The Monastic School of Gaza (Leiden: Brill, 2006); Sivan, Palestine in Late Antiquity.

347

Lang, «Holy Peter the Iberian».

348

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:443–444.

349

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 301.

350

Lang, «Holy Peter the Iberian».

351

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 301.

352

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 301–303.

353

Alois Grillmeier, Christ in Christian Tradition, vol.2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590–604), part 4, The Church of Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451 (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1996), 7—35.

354

Lang, «Holy Peter the Iberian».

355

«Некоторые александрийцы…» из Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 306–307, alt.; «они оставили его…» из Lang, «Holy Peter the Iberian».

356

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 306–307. О реакции Льва см. Grillmeier, Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451, 10–12; Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 101; Wessel, Leo the Great, 323–344.

357

«Был изъеден…» из Charles, ed., The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 111.

358

Thomas Campbell, «St. Anatolius», Catholic Encyclopedia, vol.1.

359

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 312. Grillmeier, Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451, 36–52.

360

Christopher Kelly, Attila the Hun (Oxford: Bodley Head, 2008).

361

Цитата из Проспера Аквитанского приводится по J. H. Robinson, ed., Readings in European History (Boston: Ginn, 1905), 49–51.

362

Цитируется по C. D. Gordon, ed., The Age of Attila (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1960), 52.

363

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 304–305.

364

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 379.

365

Pauline Allen and Bronwen Neil, eds., Maximus the Confessor and his Companions (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003); Demetrios Bathrellos, The Byzantine Christ (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2004); Melchisedec Toronen, Union and Distinction in the Thought of St. Maximus the Confessor (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007); Andrew J. Ekonomou, Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007); Cyril Hovorun, Will, Action and Freedom (Leiden: Brill, 2008).

366

Выражение «перебранки нечестивых» из Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 341.

367

Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement; Johannes Oort and Johannes Roldanus, eds., Chalkedon: Geschichte und Aktualitдt (Leuven, Belgium: Peeters, 1997); Chadwick, Church in Ancient Society, 592–627; Stephen Mitchell, A History of the Later Roman Empire, a.d.284–641 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007).

368

Gray, Defense of Chalcedon in the East.

369

Lamin Sanneh, Disciples of All Nations (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007).

370

Gray, Defense of Chalcedon in the East.

371

Цитата из Lang, «Holy Peter the Iberian».

372

Grillmeier, Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451, 37–45, 60–88; Aziz S. Atiya, ed., The Coptic Encyclopedia, 8 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1991).

373

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:445–446.

374

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 3:66.

375

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 3:121.

376

Grillmeier, Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451, 263–389; Sir Laurence Kirwin, Studies on the History of Late Antique and Christian Nubia (Burlington, VT: Ashgate Variorum, 2002).

377

Gray, Defense of Chalcedon in the East.

378

Цитаты из Smith, John Bishop of Ephesus, 78; John Chapman, «Monophysites and Monophysitism», Catholic Encyclopedia, vol.10. Ernst Honigmann, Évêques et Évêchés Monophysites d’Asie Antérieure au Vèe Siиcle (Louvain, Belgium: L. Durbecq, 1951).

379

Procopius, History of the Wars, I, xxiv, trans. H. B. Dewing (New York: Macmillan, 1914), 219–230.

380

О реакции на Халкидон см. Grillmeier, Chalcedon from 451 to the Beginning of the Reign of Justinian.

381

Послание цитируется по Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 340–348; Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 111–114. О Василиске и его происхождении см. Priscus quoted in R. C. Blockley, ed., The Fragmentary Classicizing Historians of the Later Roman Empire (Liverpool: Cairns, 1983), 2:361–369; and Malchus, quoted in 417–419.

382

Цитата «Не добровольно…» из Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 349.

383

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 345.

384

О Данииле Столпнике см. Norman H. Baynes, ed., Three Byzantine Saints (Oxford: Blackwell, 1948): цитаты – 52–59. Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 346–348.

385

Yitzhak Hen, Roman Barbarians (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007); Peter S. Wells, Barbarians to Angels (New York: Norton, 2008). Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 397–398.

386

Цитируется по Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 350–354.

387

Цитата «пленяло искусство…» из Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 367. Об успехе Генотикона см. Gray, Defense of Chalcedon in the East, 29–31. О переписке Петра Монга с Акакием Константинопольским см. Frederick C. Conybeare, «Anecdota Monophysitarum», American Journal of Theology 9, no.4 (1905): 719–740.

388

Cornelius Clifford, «Acacius», in Catholic Encyclopedia (1907), vol.1, at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01457d.htm.

389

Цитата из Геласия по J. H. Robinson, ed., Readings in European History (Boston: Ginn, 1905), 72–73. Richards, Popes and the Papacy.

390

Цитата «призывали к решительным переменам…» из Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 367. О правлении Анастасия см. Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 121–132; A. D. Lee, «The Eastern Empire», in Cameron, Ward-Perkins, and Whitby, Cambridge Ancient History, 34–62; Grillmeier, Christ in Christian Tradition, vol.2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590–604), part 2, The Church of Constantinople in the Sixth Century (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1995).

391

Цитата «воздвиг для церкви…» из Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:449; «Уже долгое время…» – парафраз из Witakowski, Pseudo– Dionysius of Tell-Mahre, 13–14; Grillmeier, Constantinople in the Sixth Century; Honigmann, Évêques et Évêchés Monophysites d’Asie Antérieure au Vèe Siиcle.

392

Лозунг бунтовщиков взят из Witakowski, Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre, 9; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 386; Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 126–128.

393

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 367.

394

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 367.

395

Цитаты из Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 371. Roberta C. Chesnut, Three Monophysite Christologies (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1976); Sebastian Brock, M. A. Mathai Remban, et al., Philoxenus of Mabbug (Kottayam, India: St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute, 1989); A. A. Vaschalde, Three Letters of Philoxenus Bishop of Mabbôgh (485–519) (Rome: Tip. della R. Accademia dei Lincei, 1902) at http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/philoxenus_three_02_part1.htm.

396

Witakowski, Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre; Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 390–391; Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 135–136.

397

Witakowski, Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre, 22–24.

398

Witakowski, Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre, 35–36. См. также Harvey, Asceticism and Society.

399

Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, 3.

400

Stephen Gero, Bar·sauma of Nisibis and Persian Christianity in the Fifth Century (Louvain: Peeters, 1981); G. J. Reinink, Syriac Christianity under Late Sasanian and Early Islamic Rule (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2005); Adam H. Becker, Fear of God and the Beginning of Wisdom (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2006); Sebastian Brock, Fire from Heaven (Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2006).

401

Adrian Fortescue, The Lesser Eastern Churches (London: Catholic Truth Society, 1913); Donald Attwater, The Christian Churches of the East 2 vols. (Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing, 1947–1948).

402

Grillmeier, Constantinople in the Sixth Century.

403

Цитата из Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 201. Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 372–374. О Севире см. Iain R. Torrance, Christology after Chalcedon (Norwich, UK: Canterbury, 1988); E. W. Brooks, ed., A Collection of Letters of Severus of Antioch 2 vols. (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1985–2003); Allen and Hayward, Severus of Antioch; Youhanna Nessim Youssef, ed., The Arabic Life of Severus of Antioch Attributed to Athanasius of Antioch (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2004). О Газе см. Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony and Aryeh Kofsky, eds., Christian Gaza in Late Antiquity (Leiden: Brill, 2004).

404

Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 62. Об ответной борьбе халкидонцев с Севиром см. see Patrick T. R. Gray, ed., Leontius of Jerusalem (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006).

405

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 389. For Justin and Severus, see Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 133–134. Lucas van Rompay «Society and Community in the Christian East», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, 239–266.

406

Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 72–74.

407

Цитата из Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 395. Averil Cameron, «Justin I and Justinian», in Cameron, Ward-Perkins, and Whitby, Cambridge Ancient History, 63–84; T. R. Gray «The Legacy of Chalcedon», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, 215–238. О бедственных последствиях религиозной политики Юстиниана см. James J. O’Donnell, The Ruin of the Roman Empire (London: Ecco, 2008).

408

О растущем ощущении кризиса в 530-х см. Gray, Leontius of Jerusalem. Grillmeier, Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451, 53–59.

409

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 394.

410

Gray, «Legacy of Chalcedon».

411

Claire Sotinel, «Emperors and Popes in the Sixth Century», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, 267–290.

412

Richard Price, ed., The Acts of the Council of Constantinople of 553, 2 vols. (Liverpool: Liverpool Univ. Press, 2009). Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 419–423. Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 297–324. О последних годах Юстиниана см. Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 148–150.

413

Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement.

414

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 409–412; Witakowski, Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre, 87. Peregrine Hordern, «Mediterranean Plague in the Age of Justinian», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, 134–160; William Rosen, Justinian’s Flea (New York: Viking, 2007); Lester K. Little, ed., Plague and the End of Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).

415

Harvey, Asceticism and Society. Honigmann, Évкques et Évкchés Monophysites d’Asie Antérieure au VIe Siиcle, 168–177.

416

Jean-Baptiste Chabot, «Syriac Language and Literature», in Catholic Encyclopedia (1912), vol.14, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14408a.htm; Samuel H. Moffett, A History of Christianity in Asia, 2nd rev. ed. (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1998); Ignatius Aphram I. Barsoum, The Scattered Pearls, rev. ed. (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias, 2003); Grillmeier, Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451, 60–88.

417

Nina G. Garsoïan, Church and Culture in Early Medieval Armenia (Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1999); Nina G. Garsoïan, Thomas F. Mathews, and Robert W. Thomson, eds., East of Byzantium (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, Center for Byzantine Studies, Trustees for Harvard University, 1982).

418

Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 426–430; и 436 – о безумии Юстина.

419

Smith, John Bishop of Ephesus, 4–5.

420

Smith, John Bishop of Ephesus, 18–19.

421

Smith, John Bishop of Ephesus, 19–20.

422

Smith, John Bishop of Ephesus, 72–73.

423

Geoffrey Greatrex, «Byzantium and the East in the Sixth Century», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, 477–509; Peter M. Edwell, Between Rome and Persia (London: Routledge, 2008); Zeev Rubin, «Persia and the Sasanian Monarchy», in Jonathan Shepard, ed., The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c.500—1492 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009), 130–155; также R. W. Thompson, «Armenia», in Shepard, Cambridge History, 156–172.

424

Michael Whitby, The Emperor Maurice and His Historian (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988). Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 433–444.

425

Greatrex, «Byzantium and the East», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian.

426

Frederick C. Conybeare, «Antiochus Strategos: The Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians in 614 a.d.», English Historical Review 25 (1910): 502–517, 507.

427

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:484–489; David M. Olster, Roman Defeat, Christian Response, and the Literary Construction of the Jew (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1994).

428

John F. Haldon, Byzantium in the Seventh Century (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990); Webster and Brown, Transformation of the Roman World; Geoffrey Regan, First Crusader (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001); Walter E. Kaegi, Heraclius: Emperor of Byzantium (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003).

429

Peter Sarris, «The Eastern Empire from Constantine to Heraclius», in Cyril Mango, ed., The Oxford History of Byzantium (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002), 19–59; Judith Herrin, Byzantium (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008).

430

Andrew Louth, «The Emergence of Byzantine Orthodoxy», in Noble and Smith, Cambridge History of Christianity, vol.3, Early Medieval Christianities, c.600 – c.1100, 46–64; См. раздел «The Church» в книге Elizabeth Jeffreys, John Haldon, and Robin Cormack, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2009), 571–630.

431

Цитата из Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:491.

432

Cyril Hovorun, Will, Action and Freedom (Leiden: Brill, 2008); Peter Llewellyn, Rome in the Dark Ages (New York: Praeger, 1971).

433

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:491–492.

434

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:491–492.

435

Percival, «Seven Ecumenical Councils», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 325–354.

436

Fred Donner, «The Background to Islam», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, 510–534; Walter E. Kaegi, Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992).

437

Jenkins, Lost History of Christianity.

438

Jenkins, Lost History of Christianity. Коран 4:157–158 (перевод И. Крачковского. – Прим. пер.)

439

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:492–498; Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 178–201.

440

Цитата «Господь отвернулся…» из Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:492–493; выражение «император халкидонцев» из Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 198.

441

Рассказ о «халкидонце Иоанне» из Charles, Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, 201; оттуда же цитата «приняли мерзкое учение…». О Вениамине см. Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:487–518.

442

Reinink, Syriac Christianity.

443

Sidney H. Griffith, «Christians under Muslim rule», in Noble and Smith, Cambridge History of Christianity, vol.3, Early Medieval Christianities, c.600 – c.1100, 197–212; William Dalrymple, From the Holy Mountain (New York: Henry Holt, 1997).

444

John Moschus, De Vitis Patrum, chapter 26, at http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page142.html.

445

John Hayward, ed., John Donne: A Selection of His Poetry (London: Penguin, 1950), 174–175. (Перевод Д. В. Щедровицкого. – Примеч. пер.)

446

Thomas N. Finger, A Contemporary Anabaptist Theology (Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity, 2004), 365–420.

447

C. Stephen Evans, ed., Exploring Kenotic Christology (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006).

448

Цитата из Ronald Goetz, «The Suffering God», Christian Century, April 16, 1986, 385; John Bowden, «Christology», in John Bowden, ed., Encyclopedia of Christianity (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2005). Gerald O’Collins, Christology (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995).

449

Ben Quash and Michael Ward, eds., Heresies and How to Avoid Them (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2007).

450

Dorothy Sayers, Creed or Chaos (London: Methuen, 1947), 25–46.

451

Sayers, Creed or Chaos, 33.

452

Sayers, Creed or Chaos, 33–34.

453

Sayers, Creed or Chaos, 35.