Страх. История политической идеи - [156]

(93) Указ. соч., с. 20.

(94) Danner, pp. 20, 33.

(95) Ceplair, Englund, pp. 275–277, 281–282, 288; Navasky, p. 80; Kanfer, p. 72.

(96) Ceplair, Englund, pp. 257–260, 329, 337.

(97) Ceplair, Englund, pp. 189–191; Kanfer, p. 86.

(98) Navasky, pp. 92, 122–126.

(99) Navasky, pp. 337–338; Ceplair, Englund, pp. 254, 292, 299–324, 340; Sayre, pp. 32–33, 48, 50; Kanfer, pp. 82, 87.

(100) Miller, p. 21.

(101) Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Armed. Trotsky: 1879–1921 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1954), pp. 166–167. См. также: Todorov, p. 6.

7. Разделения труда^*

(1) Примеры реалистической философии см. в изд.: Max Weber, «Politics as a Vocation» в: From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, ed. H. H. Gerth, C. Wright Mills (New York: Oxford University Press, 1948), pp. 78–80; Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp. 22, 29–30; Skocpol, «Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research», в: Bringing the State Back In, ed. Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschmeyer, Theda Skocpol (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 9; Gianfranco Poggi, The State: Its Nature, Development and Prospects (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990), pp. 5, 8, 9, 19–23. Примеры либеральных воззрений см. в изд.: John Locke, Two Treaties of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989); The Federalist Papers (New York: Bantam, 1982); Friedrich Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), pp. 21, 137, 142, 185; John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), pp. 58, 239–241; Judith Shklar, «The Liberalism of Fear», в: Liberalism and the Moral Life, ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), pp. 21–38; Bruce Ackerman, We the People I: Foundations (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), pp. 254–257; John Gray, Post-Liberalism: Studies in Political Thought (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 158; Akhil Reed Amar, The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), pp. 6–7, 123.

(2) Frderalist 47, p. 303. О влиянии Монтескьё см.: Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967), pp. 272–301; Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic 1776–1787 (New York: Norton, 1969), pp. 150–161, 446–453, 602–606; Jack N. Rakove, Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution (New York: Vintage, 1996), pp. 245–287.

(3) Federalist 10, 51; pp. 122–128, 319–320.

(4) United States v. Brown, 381 U.S. 437, 443 (1965). См. также: Laurence H. Tribe, American Constitutional Law, vol. 1 (New York: Foundation Press, 2000), 3rd ed., p. 122; Hayek, p. 185.

(5) Ср.: Telford Taylot, Grand Inquest: The Story of Congressional Investigations (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1955); David R. Mayhew, Divided We Govern: Party Control, Lawmaking, and Investigations, 1946–1990 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991).

(6) Walter Goodman, The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (Baltimore: Penguin, 1968), pp. 168–169; Robert Griffi th, The Politics of Fear: Joseph R. McCarthy and the Senate, 2nd ed. (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1987), pp. 58, 89, 104–113, 206–207, 210–212, 303–304. См. также: David W. Rohde, Parties and Leaders in the Postreform House (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), pp. 4–5; Nelson W Polsby, «The Institutionalization of the House of Representatives», American Political Review 62 (1968): 144–168.

(7) Earl Latham, The Communist Conspiracy in Washington: From the New Deal to McCarthy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966), p. 381.

(8) Carl Bernstein, Loyalties: A Son’s Memoir (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), pp. 33, 105–106, 113, 115–116, 118–121. Курсив мой. — Авт.

(9) Latham, p. 381.

(10) David Caute, The Great Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge Under Truman and Eisenhower (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978), p. 96.

(11) Thirty Years of Treason: Excerpts from Hearings Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, 1938–1968, ed. Eric Bentley (New York: Viking, 1971), p. 333; Ellen Schrecker, Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America (Boston: Little, Brown, 1998), p. 329.

(12) Alan D. Harper, The Politics of Loyalty: The White House and the Communist Issue, 1946–1952 (Westport: Greenwood, 1969), pp. 23–25; Memoirs of Harry S. Truman 1946–1952: Years of Trial and Hope (New York: Da Capo, 1956), p. 281; Richard M. Free-land, The Truman Doctrine and the Origins of McCarthyism (New York: New York University Press, 1985), pp. 120–121; Griffith, pp. 40–43, 90–93; Latham, pp. 364–365; Caute, pp. 25–29; Schrecker, Many Are the Crimes, pp. 209ff.

(13) Следует помнить, что федерализм был уступкой, навязанной отцам-основателям. Мэдисон был националистом и выступал за сильное центральное правительство как гаранта против своевластия штатов и местных властей. Таких же взглядов придерживался и Гамильтон, который видел в центральном правительстве инструмент создания континентальной империи. Движимый своими националистическими взглядами, Мэдисон первоначально предлагал схему, которая была недалека от идеи «полной ликвидации штатов». Но его национализму пришлось отступить перед лицом всеобщей лояльности штатам. Rakove, p. 169.