Петербургская социология сегодня – 2015. Сборник научных трудов Социологического института РАН - [195]

Keywords: value orientations, labor market, professional strategies, university graduates, Belarus, Russia, European value surveys.

G. N. Sokolova

Social Problems of Employment and Unemployment under Conditions of Labor Market Modernization

Dependence of functioning of labor market on the factors not only economic, but also social efficiency of employment reveals. The main problem consists that the factors reducing economic efficiency, direct or indirect promote increase of social efficiency of employment. As a matter of fact, the conflict between necessity to reach economic efficiency of employment and not to admit thus decrease in its social efficiency is observed. There is a necessity of search of such ways of reduction of labor market for an equilibrium condition where the balance between economic and social efficiency of employment would be observed.

Keywords: labor market, employment, unemployment, economic efficiency of employment, social efficiency of employment.

J. V. Vaskina

Wages and life level of workers in industry

The article deals with the analysis of the industry worker wages and level of the satisfaction of different needs. The author uses data of the sociological researches conducted in the Samara region which show consumer opportunities of the workers with different levels of salary. The conclusion is drawn that in spite of the outlined positive tendencies in nominal salary growth, its real size hasn’t change and that doesn’t allow growing of the standard of living of workers. As the aspects of standard of living the consumer opportunity of workers’ families, living conditions and recreational opportunities were studied.

Keywords: wage, standards of living, living wage, labor relations, living conditions, recreation.

S. G. Klimova, I. A. Klimov

Modernizing effects of social entrepreneurship

The article proposes the definition and empirical features of social enterprise, suitable for identification and to determine the effect of the social activities of such enterprises. On the example of 15 companies operating mainly in small and medium-sized cities in Russia, analyzed activity leaders for the development and creation of new rules and practices that are relevant to achieving not only production, but also for social purposes. A proposed typology of social enterprises, their differing socio-cultural projects and describes the forms of existence of such projects.

Keywords: social enterprise, rules, practices, samples, solidarity, social impact, social and cultural project, completeness, interaction with employees.

L. A. Kudrinskay

Voluntary work: scales, potential and factors of development

Article subject – the volunteering considered in a context of sociology of work. This foreshortening allows to consider scales, potential and factors of development of voluntary activity in the world and in Russia. In article approach in which communication of governmental, commercial and voluntary sectors of modern society is considered is used. Results of the Russian and author’s sociological researches on article subject are given.

Keywords: volunteering, volunteering, work, noncommercial sector, scales of voluntary work, potential, development factors, sociological researches.

S. I. Boyarkina, E. A Ivanova, B. G. Tukumtsev

Sociological Analysis of Postgraduates activities in Saint-Petersburg Scientific Organizations and Universities

Contemporary postgraduate Russian education problems are actualized by this article. The data of the author investigational project, which was carried out in scientific and educational organizations in Saint-Petersburg are presented. An attempt is made to analyze conditions of Postgraduates activities, difficulties which are complicates their work. In focus of our attention is compliance of postgraduate educational model taking place in Saint-Petersburg scientific organizations and universities to requirements of modern science.

Keywords: conditions of postgraduates activities, postgraduate educational difficulties, requirements of modern science.

G. V. Kanygin, M. S. Poltinnikova

Social Knowledge and How to Develop its Tools

In this paper we argue that shortcomings of modern information technologies in social management are due to insufficient flexibility of computer services provided. To avoid the shortcomings we propose a metaphor of social knowledge which is being constructed by a community of social actors. A special attention is put on knowledge tools capable of providing the knowledge, received as a result of actors’ collective actions, of features substantiated in social theory (constructiveness and openness) and mathematical modeling (observability and fullness). The metaphor proposed is assumed for further development as computer ontology.

Keywords: Information and analytical support of government, sociology of management, social knowledge, actor, social environment, tools, social information, social action, term. system, which substantiate a computer model representations of social actors of these processes