Обращение Грузии (Перевод с древнегрузинского Е. С. Такайшвили) - [28]

115. Павел – апостол, весьма энергичный проповедник христианской веры.

116. В челишской редакции «Обращения Грузии» нет этой главы.

117. «В нашем источнике «ликовал», но во всех других (т. е. в разных списках «Жития св. Нино» из «Картлис цховреба». – М. Ч.) – «дрожал» (прим. Е. С. Такайшвили, см. с. 109).

118. «Во всех других вариантах: футляр. В нашем тексте «гумбад», собственно купол, а затем свод вообще. Здесь по смыслу под сводом нужно разуметь часовню» (прим. Е. С. Такайшвили, см. с. 110).

119. Ср. интерпретацию Е. С. Такайшвили: «И построил я церковь на месте ежевичной кущи Нины, где совершил невидное дело, но явно возвеличивающее те кусты ежевики, ибо я не тронул ни одного листа от них, но оставил их вместе с корнями снаружи, потому что я видел много чудес в них и большия исцеления» (с. 114).

120. В данном месте текст сильно попорчен.

СОКРАЩЕНИЯ

ЗВОРАО – Записки восточного отделения имп. Русского археологического общества.

ПДГАЛ – Памятники древнегрузинской агиографической литературы.

СМОМПК – Сборник материалов для описания местностей и племен Кавказа.

THE CONVERSION OF GEORGIA (KARTLI)

Summary

1. The eminent Georgian historian and public figure Ekvtime S. Taqaishvili was born in 1863 in a village of Western Georgia. On graduating from the historico-philological faculty of Petersburg University in 1887 he returned to Georgia and embarked on educational and later scholarly activity.

In 1907 the,,Georgian Society of History and Ethnography“ was founded en Taqaishvili's initiative. The Society gathered, described, researched and published monuments of Georgian antiquity, thereby paving the way for a scientific study of Georgian history.

Under the conditions of tsarism's colonial policy of Russification it was naturally difficult to help awaken the national consciousness. However, together with other Georgian figures, Taqaishvili began to tackle – with vigour and zeal-matters on wich the future of the Georgian people depended: the question was being decided whether the people could stand up to the tsarist colonial policy or-though surviving physically-it would perish spiritually, i. e. degenerate as a nation. Tasks of this magnitude demanded from the scholar not only high professionalism but also iron will, social prestige, and personal charm, none of which were lacking in Taqaishvili.

In 1921, having suffered a political fiasco, the Menshevist government of Georgia fled abroad, taking along priceless – not only from the viewpoint of Georgian culture – items of gold and silver,, unique manuscripts, etc., i. e. treasures formed of the collections-of Georgian museums, as well as the possessions of churches and monasteries. Taqaishvili was charged with the safety of the treasure. For many years, under extremely difficult conditions, he battled for the preservation of the Georgian national heritage. It was only in 1945 – with the help of the Soviet government – that he succeeded in returning the treasure to his native country. He, too, returned to Georgia from a long forced emigration – already an old, spiritually tormented man. Nevertheless, till his death in 1953, Taqaishvili continued his scholarly research, sharing with his colleagues his reminiscences, interspersed with witticisms and jokes, so characteristic of his frank nature.

In the second half of the 19th century, when Taqaishvili started scholarly work, Georgian historical science was undergoing major changes. The complex process of interpretation of the past heritage set in. New problems were posed which could not be solved on the basis of the available sources.

Correctly grasping the specificities of the period, Taqaishvili devoted most of his time to augmenting the source base: he brought to light and published various documents of past history. He was the first to publish many works of Old Georgian literature,,,The Conversion of Georgia“ being one such monument.

The monument in question was discovered in 1888. In 1890 – 1891, Taqaishvili published its Georgian text in two parts, with notes and a study. In 1900, his own Russian translation of the text came out.

The present publication is a new edition of that translation. It has been edited, supplied with new commentaries, maps, index of proper names and a study.

II. The work in question deals with a definite historical fact: the conversion of the Georgians to Christianity in the first half of "the 4th century by Nino the Illuminatrix. An analysis of the content and style of the document permits to identify three parts in it: an historical chronicle representing a brief history of Georgia from the 4th cent. B. C. to the 9th cent. A. D., and two redactions of the,,Life of St. Nino“: the short and the extended versions.

The extended,,Life of St. Nino“ constitutes a collection of reminiscences. Separate points of Nino's biography are recalled by the author of redaction – Salome Ujarmeli daughter-in-law of the first Christian king of Georgia Mirian, by Nino herself, her pupils and closest associates.

The short redaction of the,,Life of St. Nino“ is a very condensed narration in the third person, without accenting the author's presence. Study of the text has shown that at its inclusion in the Chronicle it had been abridged from a complete archetype of a lost redaction of the,,Life of St. Nino“ which was more amenable to abr idgement than the extent long version of complex composition.