Геймдизайн. Рецепты успеха лучших компьютерных игр от Super Mario и Doom до Assassin’s Creed и дальше - [156]

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Ответы на вопросы из главы 11:

Об авторе

Тайнан Сильвестр занимается разработкой игр с 2000 года. Работал над проектами всех типов – от индивидуальных проектов, разрабатываемых одним человеком, до студийных кассовых проектов категории AAA. Оставьте свой комментарий на его веб-сайте tynansylvester.com или отправьте письмо по адресу [email protected].

Источники

Глава 1: Машины опыта

Emotional misattribution – the bridge study: Dutton, D.G., and Aron, A.P. 1974. “Some evidence for heightened sexual attraction under conditions of high anxiety.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30(4): 510–517.

Nylon stockings preferences: Nisbett, Miller, and Wilson, Timothy. 1977. “Telling More Than We Can Know: Verbal Reports on Mental Processes.” Psychological Review 84(3): 231–259.

Savanna preference in American children: Pinker, Steven. How the Mind Works (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009). Kindle edition, location 7785.

The two-factor theory adrenaline injection experiment: Schachter, Stanley, and Singer, Jerome. 1962. “Cognitive, Social, and Physiological Determinants of Emotional State.” Psychological Review 69(5): 379–399.

Глава 5: Решения

Emotions driving decisions: Lehrer, Jonah. How We Decide (Boston: Mariner Books, 2010), page 47.

Counter-Strike popularity: Steam and Game Stats. http://store.steampowered.com/stats/. Accessed May 3, 2012.

Глава 6: Баланс

Cosmic Encounter isn’t fair: Olokta, Peter. “Fair isn’t Funny!” In Tabletop and Analog Game Design, Costikyan, Greg, and Davidson, Drew (Eds.).

(Pittsburgh: ETC Press, 2011). Kindle edition, location 1856. Dustin Browder on StarCraft II balance: Browder, Dustin. “The Game Design of StarCraft II: Designing an E-Sport.” Speech presented at Game Developers Conference, San Francisco, 2011. Available online at http://gdcvault.com/play/1014488/The-Game-Design-of-STARCRAFT.

The complex chessmen: Dörner, Dietrich. The Logic of Failure (New York: Basic Books, 1997). Kindle edition, location 451. Implicit goals: Ibid.

Глава 7: Многопользовательская игра

Professional fighting game players hide their skills: Sirlin, David. Playing to Win. Page 114. Available online at http://www.sirlin.net/ptw.

Evolutionarily stable strategies: Dawkins, Richard. The Extended Phenotype (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1999).

Game Theory Penalty Kicks: Chiappori, Pierre, Levitt, Steven, and Groseclose, Tim. September 2002. “Testing Mixed-Strategy Equilibria When Players Are Heterogeneous: The Case of Penalty Kicks in Soccer.” American Economic Review 92(4): 1138–51.

Глава 8: Мотивация и удовлетворение

Rat brain wire study: Heath, R.G. 1963. “Electrical self-stimulation of the brain in man.” American Journal of Psychiatry 120(6): 571–577.

B-19 study: Moan, C.E., and Heath, R.G. 1972. “Septal stimulation for the initiation of heterosexual activity in a homosexual male.” Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 3(1): 23–30.

Vacation motivation study: Sharot, Tali, Shiner, Tamara, Brown, Annemarie C., Fan, Judy, and Dolan, Raymond J. November 2009. “Dopamine enhances expectation of pleasure in humans.” Current Biology 19(24): 2077–80.

Rewards eliminate intrinsic motivation: Deci, Edward, and Flaste, Richard. Why We Do What We Do: Understanding Self-Motivation (New York: Penguin, 1996).

Chess players play less when paid: Pritchard, Robert D., Campbell, Kathleen M., and Campbell, Donald J. 1977. “Effects of extrinsic financial rewards on intrinsic motivation.” Journal of Applied Psychology 62(1): 9–15.

Students write worse poems for money: Amabile, Teresa. 1985. “Motivation and Creativity: Effects of Motivational Orientation on Creative Writers.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48(2): 393–399.

Information and quotations from B. F. Skinner: Kohn, Alfie. Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A’s, Praise, and Other Bribes (Boston: Mariner Books, 1999).

Глава 9: Интерфейс

Priming: Bargh, John, Chen, Mark, and Burrows, Lara. 1996. “Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71(2): 230–244.

Глава 10: Рынок

Innovator’s dilemma: Christiensen, Clayton M. The Innovator’s Dilemma: The Revolutionary Book That Will Change the Way You Do Business (New York: Harper Paperbacks, 2003).

Will Wright on The Sims: Gillen, Kieron. “Making of: The Sims.” Rock Paper Shotgun. January 18, 2008. http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2008/01/18/making-of-the-sims/.

Value curves inspired by: Kim, W. Chan, and Mauborgne, Renee. Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make Competitors Irrelevant (Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2005).

StarCraft in Korea: Anonymous. “Why is StarCraft Popular in Korea?” Ask a Korean! (blog). February 19, 2010. http://askakorean.blogspot.com/2010/02/why-is-starcraft-popular-in-korea.html.

Expectation biases: Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions (Boston: HarperCollins, 2009).