Западноевропейское искусство от Джотто до Рембрандта - [22]

interpreted?

4. What gods and goddesses are pictured in the Love of Gods'?

5. What do the four smaller lateral scenes in the Love of Gods depict? What do the two horizontal framed pictures show? What do the end scenes represent? What does the central panel show? What comes to a climax in the central scene? What is flanked by Mercury, Paris, Pan and Selena? How are these gods pictured?

6. What else did the Carracci establish in addition to the principles of ceiling painting? Where were these principles applied?

III. I. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:

a revival of the Renaissance; a long Mannerist interlude; to commission ceiling frescoes; vigour and majesty; caryatids; illusionistic tradition; simulated marble and bronze statues; chariots of the god and the mortal; a barrel vault; gilded frames; the complex layer of forms; the subject matter; to flank pictures; to be incompatible with an ecclesiastic status; a heritage of masterpieces; accompanied by deities; to veil a deep meaning; horizontal framed pictures; a central panel; lateral scenes; unframed pictures; the triumph of divine love; public prudery; sacred figures; conceived at the heart of the universe; the motive power; to resolve all conflicts; an unforeseeable act of redemption; a superb creation; the substance and the drive; on the level; derive the landscape from studies made outdoors; to construct the landscape in the studio.

II. -Give English equivalents of the following phrases:

материя и энергия; картины в рамах; цилиндрический свод; великолепное творение; всеобщее ханжество; продолжительный период Маньеризма; сила и мощь; в сопровождении божеств; священные образы; наследие шедевров Ренессанса; колесницы богов и смертных; не соответствовать духовному статусу заказчика; искупление грехов; кариатиды; нарисованные мраморные и бронзовые статуи; сложный ряд форм; движущая сила; боковые сцены; зарожденный в центре вселенной.

III. Make up sentences of your own with the given phrases.

IV. Arrange the following in the pairs of synonyms:

a) lateral; antiquity; to account for; to flank; to accept; to resolve; conceive; superb; sacred; to panel;

b) divine; sidelong; ancient times; to explain; to connect; to receive; originate; excellent; to line; to solve.

IV. Match the names of the mythological personalities with the stories given below.

Galatea; Cyclops Polyphemus; Bacchus; Paris; Ariadne; Pan; Selena; Mercury.

1. She was the daughter of Minos, the king of Crete. She gave a ball of thread to Theseus so that he could find his way back from the Labyrinth.

2. The god of shepherds and herds, he was extremely ugly. He was half-god, half-goat. He had a beard, horns on his forehead and a hairy body.

3. He served as a herald of gods; there were wings on his helmet and his heels; and he bore a sceptre.

4. He was the giant with supreme natural powers, he had one eye and tended his herds. He lived in a cave on the island of Sicily. He was a cannibal and did not have knowledge of wine. He was occupied only with his sheep.

5. He was the son of the king of Troy. Zeus gave him a difficult job of judging which of the three goddesses Hera, Athena or Aphrodite ought to receive the golden apple (the apple of discord) with the words: «To the most beautiful».

6. The god of wine and gaiety. Wherever he went, he spread the culture of wine and the rituals associated with every stage of its cultivation.

7. The goddess of Moon, the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Thea.

8. The nymph who was loved by the shepherd Acis and by Cyclops Polyphemus. Polyphemus, jealous of Acis' success in winning the love of the nymph, crushed him under the rock, but the nymph turned him into a river.

V. Translate the text into English.

Аннибале и Агостино Карраччи и их двоюродный брат Лодовико основоположники барокко. В 1585 в Болонье они создали «Академию направленных на истинный путь». Новое направление получило название «болонский академизм». Принципы болонской Академии, которая стала прообразом всех европейских академий будущего, наблюдаются в творчестве Аннибале Карраччи, самого талантливого из братьев. Искусство Карраччи получило признание и распространение, так как отвечало официальной идеологии. Братья Карраччи -художники монументально-декоративной живописи. Их самое знаменитое произведение – роспись галереи Фарнезе в Риме на сюжет «Метаморфоз» Овидия, типично для барочной живописи.

Аннибале Карраччи – родоначальник героического пейзажа. Карраччи скрупулезно изучал природу. Он считал, что для того, чтобы она стала предметом изображения, ее необходимо облагородить (to polish). Пейзаж с деревьями, руинами, с маленькими фигурками людей подчеркивает величие природы. Идеи Карраччи были развиты его учениками, в творчестве которых принципы академизма были почти канонизированы.

VI. Summarize the text.

VII. Topics for discussion.

1. Carracci's ceiling painting.

2. Carracci's landscape.

Unit X Caravaggio (1573-1610)

The real giant of seventeenth-century painting in Italy is Michelangelo Merisi, called Caravaggio after his native town in Lombardy. After studying with an obscure local master, he arrived in Rome around 1590. Considered a revolutionary painter Caravaggio was the leading artist of the Naturalistic School. He lived on the fringe of respectable society. His short life was marked by violence and disaster. Caravaggio was a lifelong rebel against convention. He shocked conventional people by representing religious scenes in terms of daily life. He was in chronic trouble with authority and had to flee Rome in 1606 after he killed a man in a brawl over a tennis match. During the next years he wandered around Italy. Caravaggio died of malaria in his thirty-seventh year on his return journey to Rome, with a papal pardon in sight. Nevertheless the style of this unruly genius revolutionized European art.