За стеной фильтров. Что Интернет скрывает от вас? [заметки]

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Коллаборативная фильтрация, или совместная фильтрация, — это метод анализа информации и интересов пользователя, основанный на сборе данных о предпочтениях и действиях других пользователей. Он основан на идее, что люди, у которых в прошлом обнаружились общие интересы, могут иметь сходные интересы и в будущем. Такие системы могут прогнозировать, например, какая музыка понравится вам, исходя из того, какая музыка понравилась людям, чьи вкусы в прошлом пересекались с вашими. Прим. пер.

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Штаты, в которых два главных кандидата на пост президента имеют примерно равные шансы на победу и исход голосования не ясен до последнего момента. Прим. пер.

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Monica Scott. Three TV Stations Pull 'Demonstrably False' Ad Attacking Pete Hoekstra. Grand Rapids Press, May 28, 2010, www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/05/three_tv_stations_pull_demonst.html.

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Эту фразу Обама произнес в ходе избирательной кампании в 2008 году, имея в виду прежде всего избирателей со Среднего Запада, выступающих против иммиграции, свободной торговли и т. д. Прим. пер.

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Район Нью-Йорка, популярный в среде богемы. Прим. пер.

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Контркультурное издание Whole Earth Catalog выпускалось с 1968 по 1972 год и представляло собой каталог разного рода товаров для творчества или ведения аскетичного образа жизни. Прим. пер.

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Популярный американский актер-комик. Прим. ред.

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С 1978 по 1995 год американский математик Теодор Каминский отправил 16 бомб в университеты и авиакомпании. В результате взрывов погибли 3 человека и было ранено 23. В 1996 году он был арестован и приговорен к пожизненному заключению. Прим. пер.

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«1984» — фантастический сатирический роман Джорджа Оруэлла, один из известнейших романов-антиутопий. Прим. ред.

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Карта в настольной игре «Монополия», дающая право на бесплатное освобождение из тюрьмы. Прим. пер.

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Troy Wolverton. It's official: eBay weds PayPal. Cnet News, Oct. 3, 2002, http://news.cnet.com/Its-official-eBay-weds-PayPal/2100-1017_3960658.html.

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Chris Baker. Live Free or Drown: Floating Utopias on the Cheap. Wired, Jan. 19, 2009, www.wired.com/techbiz/startups/magazine/17-02/mf_seasteading?currentPage=all.

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Nicholas Carlson. Peter Thiel Says Don't Piss Off the Robots (or Bet on a Recovery). Business Insider, Nov. 18, 2009, www.businessinsider.com/peter-thiel-on-obama-ai-and-why-he-rents-his-mansion-2009-ll#.

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381

David Shields. Reality Hunger: A Manifesto. New York: Knopf, 2010.

382

Псевдодокументальный фильм — от англ. mockumentary (to mock — «издеваться» и documentary — «документальный фильм»). Прим. ред.

383

Разговорное слово, обозначающее способность определять чью-либо сексуальную ориентацию. Производное от слов gay и radar. Прим. пер.

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390

В 2011 году Google предоставил возможность искать изображения, похожие на заданное, а также пытаться их идентифицировать. Несколько позже было выпущено мобильное приложение Google Goggles с похожими функциями. Прим. пер.

391

Гордон Мур в 1965 году предположил, что число транзисторов на кристалле будет удваиваться каждые 24 месяца и мощность вычислительных устройств будет расти по экспоненте. Прим. ред.

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Фильм Эндрю Никкола, действие которого происходит в будущем, где все люди генетически запрограммированы жить определенным образом. Прим. пер.

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Motoko Rich. Product Placement Deals Make Leap from Film to Books. New York Times, Nov. 9, 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/02/19/arts/19iht20bookplacement.l0177632.html?pagewanted=all.

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424

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432

A Better Mousetrap. This American Life no. 366, aired Oct. 10, 2008, http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/366/a-better-mousetrap-2008.

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Gerrymandering — происходит от фамилии губернатора Массачусетса Элбриджа Джерри и слова «саламандра» (salamander). В 1812 году Джерри подписал закон о таксой форме избирательных округов в штате, которая давала преимущество его партии. Один из этих причудливо нарезанных округов на карте сильно напоминал саламандру. Прим. пер.

436

Lawrence Lessig Code, 2d ed., p. 260, http://books.google.com/books?id=lmXIMZiU8yQC&pg=PA260&lpg=PA260&dq=lessig+political+response+transparent+code&source=bl&ots=wR0WRuJ61u&sig=iSIiM0pnEaf-o5VPvtGcgXXEeL8&hl=en&ei=lbI0TfykGsH38Ab7tDJCA8csa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=18cved=0CBcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false.

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Ассоциация общественных организаций по защите прав потребителей и вообще прав граждан. Прим. пер.

448

Это фраза из речи 1972 года американского политика и общественного деятеля Джона Гарднера (работал министром здравоохранения при президенте Линдоне Джонсоне, а затем основал несколько влиятельных общественных организаций). Употреблял это выражение и президент Обама. Прим. пер.

449

Непартийная низовая организация, выступающая за реформу СМИ.