Современная смерть. Как медицина изменила уход из жизни [заметки]
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По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, люди чаще всего умирают именно от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Практикующий американский кардиолог Хайдер Варрайч увлекательно и подробно рассказывает о нашем сердце – таком важном, но таком уязвимом органе. Вы узнаете о строении и функциях сердца и коронарных сосудов, о самых распространенных болезнях, их диагностике, лекарствах, а также о плюсах и минусах популярных методов лечения – катетеризации, кардиостимуляции и электроимпульсной терапии. Книга полна историй из практики автора и его коллег и отсылок к истории медицинской науки. Хайдер Варрайч объясняет, почему женщины страдают теми же сердечными заболеваниями, что и мужчины, но тип заболевания у них совершенно иной, что общего у коронарных и онкологических заболеваний, как эволюция могла привести нас к настоящей эпидемии ишемической болезни, рассуждает о нынешнем состоянии мировой клинической кардиологии и перспективах ее развития в эпоху внедрения искусственного интеллекта.
Книга посвящена жизни и творчеству выдающегося советского кристаллографа, основоположника и руководителя новейших направлений в отечественной науке о кристаллах, основателя и первого директора единственного в мире Института кристаллографии при Академии наук СССР академика Алексея Васильевича Шубникова (1887—1970). Классические труды ученого по симметрии, кристаллофизике, кристаллогенезису приобрели всемирную известность и открыли новые горизонты в науке. А. В. Шубников является основателем технической кристаллографии.
Нильс Бор — одна из ключевых фигур квантовой революции, охватившей науку в XX веке. Его модель атома предполагала трансформацию пределов знания, она вытеснила механистическую модель классической физики. Этот выдающийся сторонник новой теории защищал ее самые глубокие физические и философские следствия от скептиков вроде Альберта Эйнштейна. Он превратил родной Копенгаген в мировой центр теоретической физики, хотя с приходом к власти нацистов был вынужден покинуть Данию и обосноваться в США. В конце войны Бор активно выступал за разоружение, за интернационализацию науки и мирное использование ядерной энергии.
Джеймс Клерк Максвелл был одним из самых блестящих умов XIX века. Его работы легли в основу двух революционных концепций следующего столетия — теории относительности и квантовой теории. Максвелл объединил электричество и магнетизм в коротком ряду элегантных уравнений, представляющих собой настоящую вершину физики всех времен на уровне достижений Галилея, Ньютона и Эйнштейна. Несмотря на всю революционность его идей, Максвелл, будучи очень религиозным человеком, всегда считал, что научное знание должно иметь некие пределы — пределы, которые, как ни парадоксально, он превзошел как никто другой.
«Занимательное дождеведение» – первая книга об истории дождя.Вы узнаете, как большая буря и намерение вступить в брак привели к величайшей охоте на ведьм в мировой истории, в чем тайна рыбных и разноцветных дождей, как люди пытались подчинить себе дождь танцами и перемещением облаков, как дождь вдохновил Вуди Аллена, Рэя Брэдбери и Курта Кобейна, а Даниеля Дефо сделал первым в истории журналистом-синоптиком.Сплетая воедино научные и исторические факты, журналист-эколог Синтия Барнетт раскрывает удивительную связь между дождем, искусством, человеческой историей и нашим будущим.
Эта книга – захватывающий триллер, где действующие лица – охотники-ученые и ускользающие нейтрино. Крошечные частички, которые мы называем нейтрино, дают ответ на глобальные вопросы: почему так сложно обнаружить антиматерию, как взрываются звезды, превращаясь в сверхновые, что происходило во Вселенной в первые секунды ее жизни и даже что происходит в недрах нашей планеты? Книга известного астрофизика Рэя Джаявардхана посвящена не только истории исследований нейтрино. Она увлекательно рассказывает о людях, которые раздвигают горизонты человеческих знаний.
Как связаны между собой взрывчатка и алмазы, кока-кола и уровень рождаемости, поцелуи и аллергия? Каково это – жить в шкуре козла или летать между капель, как комары? Есть ли права у растений? Куда больнее всего жалит пчела? От несерьезного вопроса до настоящего открытия один шаг… И наука – это вовсе не унылый конвейер по производству знаний, она полна ошибок, заблуждений, курьезных случаев, нестандартных подходов к проблеме. Ученые, не побоявшиеся взглянуть на мир без предубеждения, порой становятся лауреатами Игнобелевской премии «за достижения, которые заставляют сначала рассмеяться, а потом – задуматься».
Майкл Газзанига – известный американский нейропсихолог, автор множества научно-популярных книг, один из тех, кто в середине XX века создал биоэтику, исследующую нравственный аспект деятельности человека в медицине и биологии. В книге «Сознание как инстинкт» он убедительно доказывает, что сознание – это не некая «вещь», которую можно отыскать где-то в мозге. Сознание рождается из целой сети расположенных в мозге «модулей», каждый из которых вносит в наш поток сознания свою лепту. Впрочем, возможно, что «поток сознания» – это иллюзия; не исключено, что мы воспринимаем стремительную смену деталей происходящего в мозге как нечто непрерывное, как соединенные вместе кадры киноленты.
Майкл Газзанига, один из самых авторитетных нейробиологов XX века, рассказывает о своей фундаментальной работе по изучению невероятной пары – правого и левого полушарий. Один из отцов когнитивной нейронауки описывает, как зародилась революционная теория расщепленного мозга, когда правая и левая его половины после разъединения начинают функционировать независимо друг от друга и проявляют совершенно разные умения. Газзанига убежден, что популярное представление, будто наука делается гениями-одиночками, неверно.
Все люди непохожи друг на друга. Этот факт кажется настолько очевидным, что мы редко задумываемся, почему это, собственно, так. Почему кто-то – сова, а кто-то жаворонок, кто-то любит сладкое, а кто-то горькое, одним нравятся мужчины, другим – женщины, а третьим тесно в привычных гендерных категориях. Нейробиолог Дэвид Линден оценил степень человеческого разнообразия, изучая анкеты на сайте знакомств. Там, как оказалось, люди особенно охотно описывают свои особенности – от цвета волос до пищевых и сексуальных предпочтений, от бытовых привычек до аллергии. «Почему люди разные» – это попытка описать в одной книге все грани нашей уникальности.