Ничего личного: Как социальные сети, поисковые системы и спецслужбы используют наши персональные данные [заметки]
Сноски
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Гибрис — в античной традиции ощущение беспредельного собственного превосходства и вседозволенности, за которым неизменно следует немезис (возмездие). — Прим. пер.
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Мгновение, предельно краткий период времени, равный миганию глаза или сокращению сердца (сленг). — Прим. ред.
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«Хруста́льная ночь» — серия организованных погромов, направленных против евреев и прокатившихся по всей нацистской Германии в ночь с 9 на 10 ноября 1938 г. — Прим. пер.
4
The Everything Store. Джефф Безос и эра Amazon. — М.: Азбука Бизнес; Азбука-Аттикус, 2014.
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Самое затяжное в истории Калифорнии судебное разбирательство по делу об обвинении известного футболиста и актера О. Дж. Симпсона в убийстве бывшей жены и ее приятеля. — Прим. пер.
6
Экономика «просачивающегося богатства» (trickle-down economy) — стратегия экономического роста, провозглашенная в 1980-е гг. президентом Рейганом и основанная на вере в то, что доходы состоятельных слоев общества, как бы просачиваясь сверху вниз сквозь всю экономику страны, содействуют ее развитию и достаются в конечном счете всем американцам. — Прим. пер.
7
Шарлатанское средство от всех болезней (американизм). — Прим. ред.
8
Майер-Шенбергер Виктор, Кукьер Кеннет. Большие данные. Революция, которая изменит то, как мы живем, работаем и мыслим. — М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2014.
9
Мезрич Бен. Миллиардеры поневоле. Альтернативная история создания FACEBOOK. — М.: Юнайтед Пресс, 2010.
10
Киркпатрик Дэвид. Социальная сеть. Как основатель Facebook заработал $4 миллиарда и приобрел 500 миллионов друзей. — М.: Эксмо, 2010.
11
Шумпетер Йозеф. Капитализм, социализм и демократия. — М.: Экономика, 1996.
12
Главные персонажи соответственно серии романов «Сплетница» Сесилии фон Цигезар, телесериала «Безумцы» и романа Фрэнсиса Скотта Фицджеральда «Великий Гэтсби». — Прим. ред.
13
Гибсон Уильям. Нейромант. — М.: АСТ, 2000.
14
Great dismal (англ.) — великий угрюмец.
15
Карр Николас Дж. Стеклянная клетка. Автоматизация и мы. — М.: Азбука-Аттикус; КоЛибри, 2015.
16
Карр Николас Дж. Великий переход: что готовит революция облачных технологий. — М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2014.
17
Кристенсен Клейтон М. Дилемма инноватора. Как из-за новых технологий погибают сильные компании. — М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2015.
18
Комплекс внутренних программ, принятых начиная с 1964 г. для реализации в США по инициативе президента Линдона Джонсона в целях построения «Великого общества», в котором не будет бедности. — Прим. ред.
19
Диана Вриланд — культовый редактор модных журналов. — Прим. пер.
20
Карр Николас. Пустышка. Что Интернет делает с нашими мозгами. — М.: BestBusinessBooks, 2012.
21
Классическая интернет-компания периода интернет-бума, работавшая по принципу «в кредит и с доставкой». Обанкротилась в 2001 г. — Прим. ред.
22
Сost per minute — затраты в расчете на минуту: стоимость рекламы в расчете на 1000 зрителей или слушателей, поделенная на количество минут рекламного времени. — Прим. ред.
23
Листикл — короткий текст в виде списка каких-либо фактов или рекомендаций. — Прим. перев.
24
Средний список — издательский термин, относящийся к книгам, которые не являются бестселлерами, но приносят издательствам прибыль. — Прим. пер.
25
Рипли Аманда. Лучшие в мире ученики, или Как научить детей учиться. — М.: Эксмо, 2015.
26
Хоффман Рид, Касноча Бен. Жизнь как стартап. Строй карьеру по законам Кремниевой долины. — М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2012.
27
Гоним Ваэль. Революция 2.0. — СПб.: Лениздат, 2012.
28
Тренд, в рамках которого обычные отдельные люди или группы людей создают и предлагают к продаже продукцию из неиспользованных, забракованных или сломанных материалов, а также из элементов компьютерных устройств. Пользуясь современными средствами проектирования, они собственными руками делают сложные вещи — от мебели до автомобиля. — Прим. ред.
29
Майер-Шёнбергер Виктор, Кукьер Кеннет. Большие данные. Революция, которая изменит то, как мы живем, работаем и мыслим. — М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2013.
30
Борг — вымышленная высокотехнологичная раса киборгов в телесериалах, объединенных названием «Звездный путь». — Прим. пер.
31
Quantified Self — движение, участники которого постоянно собирают данные о собственной жизни — перемещениях в пространстве, финансовых расходах, длительности и фазах сна, количестве потребляемых калорий, уровне кислорода в крови и т. д. — Прим. ред.
32
Lifelogging — журнал жизнедеятельности пользователя, который регулярно делает фото и видео о своей жизни, а затем выкладывает их в Сеть с комментариями или без, сплошным потоком. — Прим. ред.
33
Форум специалистов из разных областей разработки программного обеспечения (программистов, дизайнеров, менеджеров), сообща занимающихся решением какой-либо проблемы. — Прим. ред.
34
Эггерс Дэйв. Сфера. — М.: Фантом Пресс, 2014.
35
Стэндинг Гай. Прекариат. Новый опасный класс. — М.: Ад Маргинем, 2014.
36
Джентрификация — процесс вытеснения небогатого населения в старых запущенных районах новыми, более обеспеченными жильцами. — Прим. пер.
37
«Уберизируем» — от названия сервиса такси Uber; «таскребитируем» — от названия краудсорсинговой платформы TaskRabbit, помогающей найти людей для выполнения необходимой работы за вознаграждение. — Прим. пер.
38
Презентизм — представление о том, что существуют только вещи или явления, пребывающие в настоящем. Согласно презентизму, нет только будущих или только прошлых вещей или явлений. — Прим. ред.
39
Noblesse oblige (фр.) — благородное (дворянское) положение обязывает.
Комментарии
1
The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet Is Killing Our Culture (New York: Currency/Doubleday, 2007), and Digital Vertigo: How Today's Online Social Revolution Is Dividing, Diminishing, and Disorienting Us (New York: St. Martin, 2012).
2
Carolyne Zinko, «New Private S. F. Club the Battery», SFGate, October 4, 2013.
3
Renée Frojo, «High-Society Tech Club Reborn in San Francisco,» San Francisco Business Times, April 5, 2013.
4
Вот описание The Battery на его веб-сайте: «Действительно, люди приходят сюда, чтобы восстановить силы. Поделиться своими историями. Обменяться идеями. Отбросить всякую статусность и насладиться обществом тех, кого они уважают. Это место, где они весь вечер могут чувствовать себя как дома». Подробнее см.: www.thebatterysf.com/club.
5
Liz Gannes, «Bebo Founders Go Analog with Exclusive Battery Club in San Francisco», AllThingsD, May 21, 2013.
6
Zinko, «New Private S. F. Club the Battery».
7
Zinko, «New Private S. F. Club the Battery».
8
«Ложь может обойти полмира, пока правда надевает ботинки», так звучит оригинальное высказывание Марка Твена. См.: Alex Ayres, Wit and Wisdom of Mark Twain: A Book of Quotations (New York: Dover, 1999), p. 35.
9
Julie Zeveloff, «A Tech Entrepreneur Supposedly Spent $35 Million on San Francisco's Priciest House,» Business Insider, April 16, 2013, businessinsider.com/trevor-traina-buys-san-francisco-mansion-2013-4?op=1.
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Anisse Gross, «A New Private Club in San Francisco, and an Old Diversity Challenge,» New Yorker, October 9, 2013.
11
Timothy Egan, «Dystopia by the Bay,» New York Times, December 5, 2013.
12
David Runciman, «Politics or Technology — Which Will Save the World?», Guardian, May 23, 2014.
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John Lanchester, «The Snowden Files: Why the British Public Should Be Worried About GCHQ,» Guardian, October 3, 2013.
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Thomas L. Friedman, «A Theory of Everything (Sort Of),» New York Times, August 13, 2011.
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Saul Klein, «Memo to boards: the internet is staying,» Financial Times, August 5, 2014.
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Mark Lilla, «The Truth About Our Libertarian Age,» New Republic, June 17, 2014.
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Craig Smith, «By the Numbers: 30 Amazing Reddit Statistics,» expandedramblings.com, February 26, 2014.
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Alexis Ohanian, Without Their Permission: How the 21st Century Will Be Made, Not Managed (New York: Grand Central, 2013).
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Alexis C. Madrigal, «It Wasn't Sunil Tripathi: The Anatomy of a Misinformation Disaster,» Atlantic, April 2013.
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Lilla, «The Truth About Our Libertarian Age.» 20 Zeynep Tufekci, «Facebook and Engineering the Public,» Medium, June 29, 2014.
21
Zeynep Tufekci, «Facebook and Engineering the Public,» Medium, June 29, 2014.
22
Pew Research Center, «The Web at 25 in the U.S.: The Overall Verdict: The Internet Has Been a Plus for Society and an Especially Good Thing for Individual Users.»
23
Esha Chhabra, «Ubiquitous Across Globe, Cellphones Have Become Tool for Doing Good,» New York Times, November 8, 2013.
24
Julia Angwin, «Has Privacy Become a Luxury Good?» New York Times, March 3, 2014.
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Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994), p. xi.
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Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994), p. xi.
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«Ericsson Mobility Report,» 2013.
28
Mat Honan, «Don't Diss Cheap Smartphones. They're About to Change Everything,» Wired, May 16, 2014.
29
Tim Worstall, «More People Have Mobile Phones Than Toilets,» Forbes, March 23, 2013.
30
«Более 50 миллиардов подключенных устройств». Из доклада компании Ericsson.
31
Michael Chui, Markus Loffler, and Roger Roberts, «The Internet of Things,» McKinsey Quarterly, March 2010.
32
Matthieu Pelissie du Rausas, James Manyika, Eric Hazan, Jacques Burghin, Michael Chui, and Remi Said, «Internet Matters: The Net's Sweeping Impact on Growth, Jobs, and Prosperity,» McKinsey, May 2011.
33
См.: «Data Never Sleeps 2.0,» infographic from the data company Domo, domo.com/learn/data-never-sleeps-2.
34
Clive Thompson, «Dark Hero of the Information Age: The Original Computer Geek,» New York Times, March 20, 2005.
35
James Harkin, Cyburbia: The Dangerous Idea That's Changing How We Live and Who We Are (London: Little, Brown, 2009), p. 19.
36
John Naughton, A Brief History of the Future: From Radio Days to Internet Years in a Lifetime (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2000), p. 52.
37
Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1948).
38
Harkin, Cyburbia, p. 22.
39
Vannevar Bush, «As We May Think,» Atlantic Monthly, July 1945.
40
Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 65.
41
Доклад «Наука без границ», подготовленный для президента Рузвельта Вэниваром Бушем, директором Бюро научных исследований и развития, июль 1945 г.
42
Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 70.
43
Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 34.
44
Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 34.
45
Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 38.
46
Paul Dickson, «Sputnik's Impact on America,» PBS, November 6, 2007.
47
Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, p. 20.
48
Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, p. 15.
49
Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 95.
50
«Однажды я приехал из RAND в университет и не смог найти ни одного парковочного места ни в кампусе, ни в соседнем городке Вествуд, — вспоминает Бэран. — И тут я со всей ясностью осознал, что такова была Божья воля и что мне нужно прекратить обучение в этом заведении. Иначе зачем бы Он счел необходимым заполнить все парковочные места именно в этот момент?» См.: Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, p. 54.
51
Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 92.
52
Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, p. 55.
53
Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, p. 56.
54
Johnny Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future (London: Reaktion Books, 2010), p. 22.
55
Johnny Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future (London: Reaktion Books, 2010), p. 16.
56
Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, pp. 41–42.
57
Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, pp. 263.
58
Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future, p. 39.
59
Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future, p. 249.
60
Janet Abbate, Inventing the Internet (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999), p. 186.
61
Larry Downes and Chunka Mui, Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998).
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Larry Downes and Chunka Mui, Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998).
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Outlook Team, «The 41-Year History of Email,» Mashable, September 20, 2012.
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John Perry Barlow, «A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace,» February 8, 1996.
65
David A. Kaplan, The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams (New York: Perennial, 2000), p. 229.
66
Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 218.
67
Bush, «As We May Think.»
68
Gary Wolf, «The Curse of Xanadu,» Wired, June 1995.
69
Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web (New York: HarperCollins, 1999), p. 5.
70
Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web (New York: HarperCollins, 1999), p. 5.
71
Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web (New York: HarperCollins, 1999), p. 6.
72
Mariana Mazzucato, The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths (London: Anthem Press, 2013), p. 105.
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John Cassidy, DOT.CON: The Real Story of Why the Internet Bubble Burst (Penguin, 2002), p 19.
74
Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, ch. 15.
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Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, ch. 261.
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David Streitfeld, «Tom Perkins, Defender of the 1 % Once Again,» New York Times, February 14, 2014.
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Peter Delevett, «Tom Perkins Apologizes for Holocaust Comments, but It's Hardly His First Controversy,» San Jose Mercury News, February 14, 2014.
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«Progressive Kristallnacht Coming?» Letters, Wall Street Journal, January 24, 2014.
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Delevett, «Tom Perkins Apologizes for Holocaust Comments.»
80
David Streitfeld and Malia Wollan, «Tech Rides Are Focus of Hostility in Bay Area,» New York Times, January 31, 2014.
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Tom Perkins, Valley Boy: The Education of Tom Perkins (New York: Gotham, 2007).
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Tom Perkins, Valley Boy: The Education of Tom Perkins (New York: Gotham, 2007).
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Jordan Weissmann, «Millionaire Apologizes for Comparing Progressives to Nazis, Says His Watch Is Worth a '6-Pack of Rolexes,'» Atlantic, January 27, 2014.
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Brad Stone, The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon (New York: Little, Brown, 2013), p. 12.
85
Так Бернерс-Ли прокомментировал решение, принятое весной 1993 г. Университетом Миннесоты, о взимании лицензионного сбора за пользование браузером Gopher. См.: Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web (San Francisco: Harper SanFrancisco, 1999), pp. 72–73.
86
John Cassidy, Dot.Con: The Real Story of Why the Internet Bubble Burst (London: Penguin, 2002).
87
Kaplan, The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams, pp. 157, 209. Также см.: «John Doerr #23, The Midas List,» Forbes, June 4, 2014.
88
Kevin Roose, «Go West, Young Bank Bro,» San Francisco, February 21, 2014.
89
Cassidy, Dot.Con, p. 22.
90
Jim Clark, Netscape Time: The Making of the Billion-Dollar Start-Up That Took on Microsoft (New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2000), p. 34.
91
Jim Clark, Netscape Time: The Making of the Billion-Dollar Start-Up That Took on Microsoft (New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2000), p. 68.
92
Cassidy, Dot.Con, p. 63.
93
Kaplan, The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams, p. 243.
94
Clark, Netscape Time, p. 261.
95
Clark, Netscape Time, p. 251.
96
Clark, Netscape Time, p. 249.
97
Clark, Netscape Time, p. 119.
98
Clark, Netscape Time, p. 67.
99
Thomson Venture Economics, special tabulations, June 2003.
100
Nicholas Negroponte, Being Digital (New York: Random House, 1996).
101
Kevin Kelly, New Rules for the New Economy (New York: Penguin, 1997).
102
Kevin Kelly, What Technology Wants (New York: Viking, 2010).
103
Kelly, New Rules for the New Economy, p. 156.
104
Robert H. Frank and Philip J. Cook, The Winner-Take-All Society: How More and More Americans Compete for Ever Fewer and Bigger Prizes, Encouraging Economic Waste, Income Inequality, and an Impoverished Cultural Life (New York: Free Press, 1995).
105
Там же, с. 47.
106
Там же, с. 48.
107
«The Greatest Defunct Web Sites and Dotcom Disasters,» CNET, June 5, 2008.
108
Cassidy, Dot.con, pp. 242–245.
109
Stone, The Everything Store, p. 48.
110
Stone, The Everything Store, p. 48.
111
Fred Wilson, «Platform Monopolities,» AVC.com, July 22, 2014.
112
Fred Wilson, «Platform Monopolities,» AVC.com, July 22, 2014.
113
Fred Wilson, «Platform Monopolities,» AVC.com, July 22, 2014.
114
Matthew Yglesias, «The Prophet of No Profit,» Slate, January 30, 2014.
115
Stone, The Everything Store, pp. 181–182.
116
Stone, The Everything Store, pp. 173.
117
Jeff Bercovici, «Amazon Vs. Book Publishers, By The Numbers,» Forbes, February 10, 2014.
118
George Packer, «Cheap Words,» New Yorker, February 17, 2014.
119
Steve Wasserman, «The Amazon Effect,» Nation, May 29, 2012.
120
Sarah Butler, «Independent Bookshops in Decline as Buying Habits Change,» Guardian, February 21, 2014.
121
Stone, The Everything Store, p. 243.
122
Stone, The Everything Store, p. 340.
123
Stacy Mitchell, «The Truth about Amazon and Job Creation,» Institute for Local Self-Reliance, July 29, 2013, ilsr.org/amazonfacts.
124
Simon Head, «Worse than Walmart: Amazon's Sick Brutality and Secret History of Ruthlessly Intimidating Workers,» Salon, February 23, 2014.
125
Spencer Soper, «Amazon Warehouse Workers Fight for Unemployment Benefits,» Morning Call, December 17, 2012.
126
Hal Bernton and Susan Kelleher, «Amazon Warehouse Jobs Push Workers to Physical Limit,» Seattle Times, April 3, 2012.
127
Lara Stevens, «Amazon Vexed by Strikes in Germany,» New York Times, June 19, 2013. See also Ollie John, «Amazon Fires 'Neo-Nazi' Security Firm at German Facilities,» Time, February 19, 2013.
128
«Работники Amazon подвергаются „возрастающему риску психических расстройств“». BBC Business News, November 20, 2013.
129
Bernton and Kelleher, «Amazon Warehouse Jobs Push Workers to Physical Limit.»
130
Bernton and Kelleher, «Amazon Warehouse Jobs Push Workers to Physical Limit.»
131
«Amazon's Power Play,» Editorial Board, New York Times, June 3, 2014.
132
Yglesias, «The Prophet of No Profit.»
133
Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future, p. 125.
134
«Yahoo! Still First Portal Call,» BBC News, June 5, 1998.
135
Steven Levy, In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), pp. 69–120.
136
Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future, p. 115.
137
Levy, In the Plex, p. 22.
138
Levy, In the Plex, p. 22.
139
Levy, In the Plex, p. 22.
140
Levy, In the Plex, p. 32.
141
Levy, In the Plex, p. 33.
142
Levy, In the Plex, p. 73.
143
Levy, In the Plex, p. 99.
144
Levy, In the Plex, p. 93.
145
Levy, In the Plex, p. 93.
146
«Google's Income Statement Information,» investor.google.com/financial/tables.html. См. также: Seth Rosenblatt, «Google Demolishes Financial Expectations to Close 2013,» CNET, January 30, 2014.
147
Danny Sullivan, «Google Still World's Most Popular Search Engine by Far, but Share of Unique Search Dips Slightly,» SearchEngineLand, February 11, 2013.
148
Moises Naim, The End of Power: From Boards to Battlegrounds and Churches to States, Why Being in Charge Isn't What It Used to Be (New York: Basic Books, 2013).
149
Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Kenneth Cukier, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2013), p. 113.
150
«What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software,» O'Reilly.com, September 30, 2005.
151
Astra Taylor, The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2014), p. 202.
152
Josh Constine, «The Data Factory — How Your Free Labor Lets Tech Giants Grow the Wealth Gap,» TechCrunch, September 9, 2013, techcrunch.com/2013/09/09/the-data-factory.
153
Anoushka Sakoul, «Concentrated Cash Pile Puts Recovery in Hands of the Few,» Financial Times, January 22, 2014.
154
John Plender, «Apple, Google and Facebook Are Latter-Day Scrooges,» Financial Times, December 29, 2013.
155
John Plender, «Apple, Google and Facebook Are Latter-Day Scrooges,» Financial Times, December 29, 2013.
156
Ben Mezrich, The Accidental Billionaires (New York: Heinemann, 2009), pp. 62, 73, 74, 175.
157
Stephen Silberman, «The Geek Syndrome,» Wired, September 2001.
158
Rebecca Savastio, «Facebook Founder Zuckerberg's Asperger's Problem,» Las Vegas Guardian, September 5, 2013.
159
Nicholas Carlson, «Coping with Asperger's: A Survival Manual for Mark Zuckerberg,» Business Insider, July 25, 2008.
160
Austin Carr, «Facebook Everywhere,» Fast Company, July/August 2014.
161
Felix Gillette, «The Rise and Inglorious Fall of MySpace,» Bloomberg Businessweek, June 22, 2011.
162
David Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World (New York: Simon & Schuster), p. 16.
163
Carr, «Facebook Everywhere.»
164
Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect, p. 305.
165
Carr, «Facebook Everywhere.»
166
Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect, p. 316.
167
Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect, p. 332.
168
Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect, p. 313.
169
«Journal That Published Facebook Mood Study Expresses 'Concern' at Its Ethics,» Associated Press, July 3, 2014.
170
Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect, p. 314.
171
Charlie Warzel, «Your Next Phone Will Be the Ultimate Surveillance Machine,» Buzzfeed, November 27, 2013.
172
Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect, p. 199.
173
Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect, p. 210.
174
Matthew Sparkes, «Young Users See Facebook as 'Dead and Buried,'» Daily Telegraph, December 27, 2013.
175
Maria Konnikova, «How Facebook Makes Us Unhappy,» New Yorker, September 10, 2013.
176
Charlie Warzel, «Americans Still Don't Trust Facebook with Their Privacy,» Buzzfeed, April 3, 2014.
177
Alexandra Sifferlin, «Why Facebook Makes You Feel Bad About Yourself,» Time, January 24, 2003.
178
Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, p. 36.
179
Michael Sandel, What Money Can't Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2012), p. 5.
180
Основной доклад Эвана Шпигеля на студенческом конкурсе LA Hacks, 11 апреля 2014 г.
181
Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (New York: Routledge, 2005), p. 83.
182
Marc Andreessen, «Why Bitcoin Matters,» New York Times, January 21, 2014.
183
Marc Andreessen, «Why Bitcoin Matters,» New York Times, January 21, 2014.
184
Colin Lecher, «How Did a $10 Potato Salad Kickstarter Raise More than $30,000?» Verge, July 7, 2014.
185
Sarah Eckel, «You Want Me to Give You Money for What?» BBC Capital, May 1, 2014.
186
Ryan Lawler, «Airbnb Tops 10 Million Guest Stays Since Launch, Now Has 550,000 Properties Listed Worldwide,» TechCrunch, December 19, 2013.
187
Sydney Ember, «Airbnb's Huge Valuation,» New York Times, April 21, 2014. See also Carolyn Said, «Airbnb's Swank Digs Reflect Growth, but Controversy Grows,» SFGate, January 27, 2014.
188
Thomas L. Friedman, «And Now for a Bit of Good News…» New York Times, July 19, 2014.
189
Will Oremus, «Silicon Valley Uber Alles,» Slate, June 6, 2014.
190
См.: Dan Amira, «Uber Will Ferry Hampton-Goers Via Helicopter This July 3rd,» New York, July 2013, nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/07/uber-helicopter-uberchopper-hamptons-july-3rd.html.
191
Jessica Guynn, «San Francisco Split by Silicon Valley's Wealth,» Los Angeles Times, August 14, 2013.
192
Paul Sloan, «Marc Andreessen: Predictions for 2012 (and Beyond),» CNET, December 19, 2011, news.cnet.com/8301–1023_3–57345138–93/marc-andreessen-predictions-for-2012-and-beyond.
193
Mark Scott, «Traffic Snarls in Europe as Taxi Drivers Protest Against Uber,» New York Times, June 11, 2014.
194
Kevin Roose, «Uber Might Be More Valuable than Facebook Someday. Here's Why,» New York, December 6, 2013, nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/12/uber-might-be-more-valuable-thanfacebook.html.
195
Erin Griffith, «Meet the Uber Rich,» Fortune, June 5, 2014.
196
В своем послесловии к изданию «Нейроманта» в 2000 г. американский писатель-фантаст Джек Уомэк предположил, что эта книга могла послужить источником вдохновения для создания Всемирной паутины. «Что если описание некоего явления служит причиной его появления?» — задался вопросом Уомэк.
197
Michael Keene, «Rochester Crime Rates,» Examiner.com, 4 февраля 2010 г. Данные об очень высокой смертности вследствие убийств в Рочестере в 2012 г. см.: Karyn Bower, John Klofas, and Janelle Duda, «Homicide in Rochester, NY 2012: Comparison of Rates for a Selection of United States and International Cities,» Center of Public Initiatives, January 25, 2013.
198
Rory Carroll, «Silicon Valley's Culture of Failure… and the 'Walking Dead' It Leaves Behind,» Guardian, June 28, 2014.
199
«How I Failed,» Cultivate Conference, New York City, October 14, 2013, cultivatecon.com/cultivate2013/public/schedule/detail/31551.
200
«'Fail Fast' Advises LinkedIn Founder and Tech Investor Reid Hoffman,» BBC, January 11, 2011.
201
«Failure: The F-Word Silicon Valley Loves and Hates,» NPR.org, June 19, 2012, npr.org/2012/06/19/155005546/failure-the-f-wordsilicon-valley-loves-and-hates.
202
Eric Markowitz, «Why Silicon Valley Loves Failure,» Inc., August 16, 2012, inc.com/eric-markowitz/brilliant-failures/why-silicon-valleyloves-failures.html/1.
203
MIT Technology Review, September/October 2013, www.technologyreview.com/magazine/2013/09. Молодой предприниматель на обложке — Бен Милн, основатель и генеральный директор стартапа цифровых платежей Dwolla. Как утверждает журнал, Милн обещает «сокрушить» финансовую индустрию. Судя по всему, Милн считает себя выдающимся разрушителем. Например, на своей странице в Instagram он разместил девиз «Двигайся быстро и круши все на своем пути» (www.instagram.com/p/epyqnEHQwg).
204
David Wills, Hollywood in Kodachrome (New York: HarperCollins, 2013), p. xiii.
205
Там же. На пленке Kodachrome также были запечатлены 80 лауреатов премии «Оскар» в номинации за лучший фильм. См.: See Rupert Neate, «Kodak Falls in the Creative Destruction of the Digital Age,» Guardian, 19 января 2013 г., www.theguardian.com/business/2012/jan/19/kodak-bankruptcyprotection.
206
Ellen Gamerman, «I Snap Therefore I Am,» Wall Street Journal, December 13, 2013.
207
Ellen Gamerman, «I Snap Therefore I Am,» Wall Street Journal, December 13, 2013.
208
John Naughton, «Could Kodak's Demise Have Been Averted?» Guardian, January 21, 2012.
209
Jason Farago, «Our Kodak Moments — and Creativity — Are Gone,» Guardian, August 23, 2013, theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/23/photography-photography.
210
Nick Brown, «US Judge Approves Kodak Plan to Exit Bankruptcy,» Reuters, August 20, 2013, reuters.com/article/2013/08/20/us-kodakidUSBRE 97J0W820130820.
211
Julie Creswell, «Kodak's Fuzzy Future,» New York Times, May 3, 2013, dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/after-bankruptcy-a-leanerkodak-faces-an-uphill-battle.
212
Derek Thompson, «What Jobs Will the Robots Take?» Atlantic, January 23, 2014.
213
Daniel Akst, «Automation Anxiety,» Wilson Quarterly, Summer 2013.
214
«Coming to an Office Near You…» Economist, January 18, 2014.
215
Martin Wolf, «If Robots Divide Us, They Will Conquer,» Financial Times, February 4, 2014.
216
Tim Harford, «The Robots Are Coming and Will Terminate Your Jobs,» Financial Times, December 28–29, 2013.
217
Tim Harford, «The Robots Are Coming and Will Terminate Your Jobs,» Financial Times, December 28–29, 2013.
218
Nicholas Carr, The Big Switch: Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google (New York: Norton, 2008), p. 113.
219
Nicholas Carr, The Glass Cage: Automation and Us (New York: Norton, 2014), p. 198.
220
Carole Cadwallader, «Are the Robots About to Rise? Google's New Director of Engineering Thinks So…» Guardian, February 22, 2014.
221
Samuel Gibbs, «What Is Boston Dynamics and Why Does Google Want Robots?» Guardian, December 17, 2013.
222
Lorraine Luk, «Foxconn Working with Google on Robotics,» Wall Street Journal, February 11, 2014.
223
Dan Rowinski, «Google's Game of Moneyball in the Age of Artificial Intelligence,» ReadWrite.com, January 29, 2014.
224
Chunka Mui, «Google Car + Uber = Killer App,» Forbes, August 23, 2013.
225
Конкретно: 395 000 в UPS (www.pressroom.ups.com/Fact+Sheets/UPS+Fact+Sheet) и 300 000 в FedEx (www.about.van.fedex.com/companyinformation).
226
Claire Cain Miller, «FedEx's Price Rise Is a Blessing in Disguise for Amazon,» New York Times, May 9, 2014.
227
David Streitfeld, «Amazon Floats the Notion of Delivery Drones,» New York Times, December 1, 2013.
228
Charles Arthur, «Amazon Seeks US Permission to Test Prime Air Delivery Drones,» Guardian, July 11, 2014.
229
Katie Lobosco, «Army of Robots to Invade Amazon Warehouse,» CNNMoney, May 22, 2014.
230
George Packer, «Cheap Words,» New Yorker, February 17, 2014.
231
«John Naughton, Why Facebook and Google Are Buying into Drones,» Observer, April 19, 2014.
232
Reed Albergotti, «Zuckerberg, Musk Invest in Artificial-Intelligence Company,» Wall Street Journal, March 21, 2014.
233
Reed Albergotti, «Zuckerberg, Musk Invest in Artificial-Intelligence Company,» Wall Street Journal, March 21, 2014.
234
Emily Young, «Davos 2014: Google's Schmidt Warning on Jobs,» BBC, January 23, 2014.
235
Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne, «The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerization?» Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, September 17, 2013, oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf.
236
Derek Thompson, «What Jobs Will the Robots Take?» Atlantic, January 23, 2014.
237
Derek Thompson, «What Jobs Will the Robots Take?» Atlantic, January 23, 2014.
238
Erik Larson, «Kodak Reorganization Approval Affirms Move from Cameras,» Bloomberg, August 21, 2013, bloomberg.com/news/2013–08–20/kodak-bankruptcy-reorganization-plan-approved-by-newyork.html.
239
«Kodak, Smaller and Redirected, Leaves Bankruptcy,» Associated Press, September 3, 2013.
240
Julie Creswell, «Kodak's Fuzzy Future,» New York Times, May 3, 2013, dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/after-bankruptcy-a-leanerkodak-faces-an-uphill-battle.
241
Подробнее о правильной последовательности выхода Kodak из банкротства в 2013 г. см.: «Key Events in the History of Eastman Kodak Company,» Wall Street Journal, September 3, 2013, nytimes.com/2013/09/04/business/kodak-smaller-and-redirected-leaves-bankruptcy.html?ref=eastmankodakcompany&_r=0&pagewanted=print; online.wsj.com/article/AP6b640447eb8a41418c01e4110720d4e4.html.
242
Larson, «Kodak Reorganization Approval Affirms Move from Cameras.»
243
В качестве введения в коллекцию Дома Истмана см.: Photography from 1839 to Today: George Eastman House, Rochester, NY (London: Taschen, 1999).
244
Greg Narain, «The New Kodak Moment: Why Storytelling Is Harder Than Ever,» Briansolis.com, November 21, 2013.
245
Andrew Keen, The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet Is Killing Our Culture, p. 115.
246
Andrew Keen, The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet Is Killing Our Culture, p. 115.
247
Neate, «Kodak Falls in the Creative Destruction of the Digital Age.»
248
Там же. Эти слова были сказаны Робертом Берли, профессором фотографии Университета Райерсона в Торонто, чья экспозиция о коллапсе пленочной фотографии «Исчезновение тени» (The Disappearance of Darkness) была выставлена в Канадской национальной галерее в конце 2013 г.: www.gallery.ca/en/see/exhibitions/upcoming/details/robert-burley-disappearance-of-darkness-5324.
249
John Naughton, «Could Kodak's Demise Have Been Averted?» Observer, January 21, 2012, theguardian.com/technology/2012/jan/22/john-naughton-kodak-lessons.
250
Clayton Christensen, The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary Book That Will Change the Way You Do Business (New York: Harper Business, 2011). Для знакомства с идеями Кристенсена см. мое интервью с ним на TechCrunchTV: «Keen On… Clay Christensen: How to Escape the Innovator's Dilemma,» April 2, 2012, techcrunch.com/2012/04/02/keen-on-clay-christensen-how-to-escape-the-innovators-dilemma-tctv. Более критический взгляд на культ Кристенсена представлен в статье: Jill Lepore, «The Disruption Machine,» New Yorker, 23 июня 2014 г.
251
«The Last Kodak Moment?» Economist, January 14, 2012. economist.com/node/21542796/print.
252
Stone, The Everything Store, p. 348.
253
Joshua Cooper Ramo, The Age of the Unthinkable: Why the New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us and What We Can Do About It (New York: Bay Back Books, 2010).
254
Paul F. Nunes and Larry Downes, «Big Bang Disruption: The Innovator's Disaster,» Outlook, June 2013, accenture.com/us-en/outlook/Pages/outlook-journal-2013-big-bang-disruption-innovators-disaster.aspx.
255
Larry Downes and Paul F. Nunes, «Big-Bang Disruption,» Harvard Business Review, March 2013, hbr.org/2013/03/big-bang-disruption.
256
Larry Downes and Paul F. Nunes, «Big-Bang Disruption,» Harvard Business Review, March 2013, hbr.org/2013/03/big-bang-disruption.
257
Larry Downes and Paul Nunes, Big Bang Disruption: Strategy in the Age of Devastating Innovation (New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 2014), p. 193.
258
Jason Farago, «Our Kodak Moments — and Creativity — Are Gone,» Guardian, August 23, 2013, theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/23/photography-photography.
259
George Packer, «Celebrating Inequality,» New York Times, May 19, 2013.
260
George Packer, «Celebrating Inequality,» New York Times, May 19, 2013.
261
«The Onrushing Wave,» Economist, January 18, 2014, p. 25.
262
Josh Constine, «The Data Factory — How Your Free Labor Lets Tech Giants Grow the Wealth Gap,» TechCrunch, September 9, 2013.
263
David Brooks, «Capitalism for the Masses,» New York Times, February 20, 2014.
264
David Brooks, «Capitalism for the Masses,» New York Times, February 20, 2014.
265
George Packer, «No Death, No Taxes: The Libertarian Futurism of a Silicon Valley Billionaire,» New Yorker, November 28, 2011.
266
George Packer, «No Death, No Taxes: The Libertarian Futurism of a Silicon Valley Billionaire,» New Yorker, November 28, 2011.
267
George Packer, «No Death, No Taxes: The Libertarian Futurism of a Silicon Valley Billionaire,» New Yorker, November 28, 2011.
268
Robert M. Solow, «We'd Better Watch Out,» New York Times Book Review, July 12, 1987.
269
Timothy Noah, The Great Divergence: America's Growing Inequality Crisis and What We Can Do About It (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012), p. 7.
270
Eduardo Porter, «Tech Leaps, Job Losses and Rising Inequality,» New York Times, April 15, 2014.
271
Loukas Karabarbounis and Brent Neiman, «The Global Decline of Labor Share,» Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014.
272
Thomas B. Edsall, «The Downward Ramp,» New York Times, June 10, 2014.
273
Tyler Cowen, Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation (New York: Dutton, 2013), p. 53.
274
Tyler Cowen, Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation (New York: Dutton, 2013), p. 229.
275
Tyler Cowen, Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation (New York: Dutton, 2013), p. 198–200.
276
Joel Kotkin, «California's New Feudalism Benefits a Few at the Expense of the Multitude,» Daily Beast, October 5, 2013.
277
Paul Krugman, «Sympathy for the Luddites,» New York Times, June 13, 2013, nytimes.com/2013/06/14/opinion/krugman-sympathy-forthe-luddites.html?_r=0&pagewanted=print.
278
Kara Swisher, «The Money Shot,» Vanity Fair, June 2013.
279
Steve Bertoni, «The Stanford Billionaire Machine Strikes Again,» Forbes, August 1, 2013.
280
Steve Bertoni, «The Stanford Billionaire Machine Strikes Again,» Forbes, August 1, 2013.
281
Swisher, «The Money Shot.»
282
Систром отрицает тот факт, что между Facebook и Twitter состоялась «война предложений». Но Ник Билтон, автор бестселлера «Инкубатор Twitter» (Hatching Twitter), изданного Portfolio в 2013 г. в Нью-Йорке, утверждает обратное. См.: Nick Bilton, «Instagram Testimony Doesn't Add Up,» New York Times, 16 декабря 2012 г., bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/disruptionsinstagram-testimony-doesnt-add-up-2/?_r=1.
283
Emil Protalinski, «Thanksgiving Breaks Instagram Records: Over 10M Photos Shared at a Rate of Up to 226 per Second,» Next Web, November 23, 2012, thenextweb.com/facebook/2012/11/23/instagramsees-new-record-during-thanksgiving-over-10m-photos-shared-at-arate-of-226-per-second.
284
Emil Protalinski, «Instagram Says Thanksgiving 2013 Was Its Busiest Day So Far, but Fails to Share Exact Figures,» Next Web, November 29, 2013.
285
Ingrid Lunden, «73 % of U. S. Adults Use Social Networks, Pinterest Passes Twitter in Popularity, Facebook Stays on Top,» TechCrunch, December 31, 2013.
286
Sarah Perez, «An App 'Middle Class' Continues to Grow: Independently Owned Apps with a Million-Plus Users Up 121 % Over Past 18 Months,» TechCrunch, November 8, 2013.
287
Ingrid Lunden, «Instagram Is the Fastest-Growing Social Site Globally, Mobile Devices Rule Over PCs for Access,» TechCrunch, January 21, 2014, techcrunch.com/2014/01/21/instagram-is-thefastest-growing-social-site-globally-mobile-devices-rule-over-pcsfor-social-access.
288
См., например: Ellis Hamburger, «Instagram Announces Instagram Direct for Private Photo, Video and Text Messaging,» Verge, December 12, 2013.
289
Alex Williams, «The Agony of Instagram,» New York Times, December 13, 2013.
290
Sarah Nicole Prickett, «Where the Grass Looks Greener,» New York Times, November 17, 2013.
291
Sarah Nicole Prickett, «Where the Grass Looks Greener,» New York Times, November 17, 2013.
292
Williams, «The Agony of Instagram.»
293
Tim Wu, «Sign of the Times: The Intimacy of Anonymity,» New York Times, June 3, 2014.
294
Teddy Wayne, «Of Myself I Sing,» New York Times, August 24, 2014.
295
Time, December 25, 2006.
296
Packer, «Celebrating Inequality.»
297
См., например: Jean Twenge and W. Keith Campbell, The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement (New York: Free Press, 2009), and Elias Aboujaoude, Virtually You (New York: Norton, 2011).
298
David Brooks, «High-Five Nation,» New York Times, September 15, 2009.
299
Parmy Olson, «Teenagers Say Goodbye to Facebook and Hello to Messenger Apps,» Observer, November 9, 2013.
300
Keen, Digital Vertigo, p. 12.
301
Malkani, Financial Times, December 28, 2013.
302
Charles Blow, «The Self(ie) Generation,» New York Times, March 7, 2014.
303
James Franco, «The Meanings of the Selfie,» New York Times, December 26, 2013, nytimes.com/2013/12/29/arts/the-meaning-ofthe-selfie.html.
304
Sophie Heawood, «The Selfies at Funerals Tumblr Tells Us a Lot About Death,» Vice.com, November 1, 2013.
305
Stacy Lambe, «14 Grindr Profile Pics Taken at the Holocaust Memorial,» Buzzfeed, January 31, 2013.
306
Craig Detweiler, «Auschwitz Selfies' and Crying into the Digital Wilderness,» CNN, July 22, 2014.
307
Stuart Heritage, «Selfies of 2013–the Best, Worst and Most Revealing,» Guardian, December 22, 2013.
308
Rachel Maresca, «James Franco Allegedly Attempts to Meet Up with 17-Year-Old Girl via Instagram: Report,» New York Daily News, April 3, 2014.
309
Rachel Maresca, «James Franco Allegedly Attempts to Meet Up with 17-Year-Old Girl via Instagram: Report,» New York Daily News, April 3, 2014.
310
«Selfie Is Oxford Dictionaries' Word of the Year,» Guardian, November 18, 2013, theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/19/selfieword-of-the-year-oed-olinguito-twerk/print.
311
Эта цифра взята из отчета исследовательской консалтинговой фирмы mobileYouth: Olson, «Teenagers Say Goodbye to Facebook and Hello to Messenger Apps». Интересно, что это же исследование показало: доля селфи в Snapchat даже превышает 50 %.
312
Стивен Джонсон, вероятно, является самым упрямым оптимистом из всех уверовавших в Интернет. См., например, его последнюю книгу: Steven Johnson, Future Perfect: The Case for Progress in a Networked Age (New York: Riverhead, 2012).
313
Tom Standage, Writing on the Wall: Social Media — The First 2,000 Years (New York: Bloomsbury, 2013).
314
Там же, эпилог, с. 240–251.
315
Williams, «The Agony of Instagram.»
316
Rhiannon Lucy Coslett and Holly Baxter, «Smug Shots and Selfies: The Rise of Internet Self-Obsession,» Guardian, December 6, 2013.
317
Nicholas Carr, «Is Google Making Us Stupid?» Atlantic, July/August 2008. Also see Nicholas Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains (New York; Norton, 2011).
318
Eli Pariser, The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding From You (Penguin, 2011). См. также мое интервью с Илайей Парайзером на TechCrunchTV в июне 2011 г.: Andrew Keen, «Keen On… Eli Pariser: Have Progressives Lost Faith in the Internet?» TechCrunch, June 15, 2011, techcrunch.com/2011/06/15/keen-on-eli-pariser-have-progressives-lost-faithin-the-internet-tctv.
319
Claire Carter, «Global Village of Technology a Myth as Study Shows Most Online Communication Limited to 100-Mile Radius,» BBC, December 18, 2013; Claire Cain Miller, «How Social Media Silences Debate,» New York Times, August 26, 2014.
320
Josh Constine, «The Data Factory — How Your Free Labor Lets Tech Giants Grow the Wealth Gap.»
321
Derek Thompson, «Google's CEO: 'The Laws Are Written by Lobbyists,'» Atlantic, October 1, 2010.
322
James Surowiecki, «Gross Domestic Freebie,» New Yorker, November 25, 2013.
323
Monica Anderson, «At Newspapers, Photographers Feel the Brunt of Job Cuts,» Pew Research Center, November 11, 2013.
324
Robert Reich, «Robert Reich: WhatsApp Is Everything Wrong with the U. S. Economy,» Slate, February 22, 2014.
325
Alyson Shontell, «Meet the 20 Employees Behind Snapchat,» Business Insider, November 15, 2013, businessinsider.com/snapchat-earlyand-first-employees-2013–11?op=1.
326
Douglas Macmillan, Juro Osawa, and Telis Demos, «Alibaba in Talks to Invest in Snapchat,» Wall Street Journal, July 30, 2014.
327
Mike Isaac, «We Still Don't Know Snapchat's Magic User Number,» All Things D, November 24, 2013.
328
Josh Constine, «The Data Factory — How Your Free Labor Lets Tech Giants Grow the Wealth Gap,» TechCrunch.
329
Alice E. Marwick, Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity and Branding in the Social Media Age (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013). См. гл. 3: «The Fabulous Lives of Micro Celebrities.»
330
Surowiecki, «Gross Domestic Freebie.»
331
Amanda Holpuch, «Instagram Reassures Users over Terms of Service After Massive Outcry,» Guardian, December 18, 2013.
332
The American Society of Media Photographers (ASMP), «The Instagram Papers,» Executive Summary, July 25, 2013, p. 3.
333
Ethan Zuckerman, The Internet's Original Sin," Atlantic, August 14, 2014.
334
Annie Leonard, «Facebook Made My Teenager into an Ad. What Parent Would Ever 'Like' That?» Guardian, February 15, 2014.
335
Caroline Daniel and Maija Palmer, «Google's Goal: to Organise Your Daily Life,» Financial Times, May 22, 2007.
336
Derek Thompson, «Google's CEO: The Laws Are Written by Lobbyists,» Atlantic, October 1, 2010.
337
Amir Efrati, «Google Beat Facebook for DeepMind, Creates Ethics,» The Information, January 26, 2014.
338
Jaron Lanier, Who Owns the Future? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013), p. 366.
339
Kunal Dutta, «The Revolution That Killed Soho's Record Shops,» Independent, May 12, 2010.
340
Annie O'Shea, «Oasis (What's the Story) Morning Glory?» Radio Nova, January 14, 2014, nova.ie/albums/oasis-whats-the-story-morning-glory-3.
341
Philip Beeching, «Why Companies Fail — the Rise and Fall of HMV,» Philipbeeching.com, August 6, 2012.
342
Alexander Wolfe, «Digital Pennies from Analog Dollars Are Web Content Conundrum,» InformationWeek, March 12, 2008.
343
David Carr, «Free Music, at Least While It Lasts,» New York Times, June 8, 2014.
344
Grant Gross, «Pirate Sites Draw Huge Traffic,» Computerworld, January 1, 2013.
345
«NetNames Piracy Analysis: Sizing the Piracy Universe 3,» September 2013.
346
IFPI Digital Music Report, 2011, «Music at the Touch of a Button,» p. 14.
347
OFCOM, сравнительное исследование данных слежения за нарушениями авторских прав в Интернете, Q3 2012, 20 ноября 2012 г.
348
David Goldman, «Music's Lost Decade: Sales Cut in Half in 2000s,» CNN Money, February 3, 2010.
349
Derek Thompson, «Why Would Anybody Ever Buy Another Song?» Atlantic, March 17, 2014.
350
Thair Shaikh, «HMV Closes Historic Oxford Street Store,» Independent, January 14, 2014.
351
Dave Lee, «'Netflix for Piracy' Popcorn Time Saved by Fans,» BBC News, March 17, 2014.
352
Andrew Stewart, «Number of Frequent Young Moviegoers Plummets in 2013,» Variety, March 25, 2014.
353
IFPI Digital Music Report, 2011, p. 5.
354
TERA Consultants, «Building a Digital Economy: The Importance of Saving Jobs in the EU's Creative Industries,» International Chamber of Commerce/BASCAP, March 2010.
355
«45 % Fewer Professional Working Musicians Since 2002,» Trichordist, May 21, 2013.
356
Выводы о разрушительном влиянии онлайнового пиратства на творческие отрасли см. в моем экспертном докладе «Profiting from Free: The Scourge of Online Piracy and How Industry Can Help» (ICOMP, October 2013). Данные некоторых исследований, проведенных мной для доклада, были использованы и в этой книге.
357
Ananth Baliga, «Pirate Websites Roped in $227 Million in Ad Revenues in 2013,» UPI, February 18, 2014.
358
Duncan Grieve, «Kim Dotcom: 'I'm Not a Pirate, I'm an Innovator,'» Guardian, January 14, 2014.
359
Robert Levine, Free Ride: How Digital Parasites Are Destroying the Culture Business and How the Culture Business Can Fight Back (New York: Doubleday, 2011), p. 4.
360
Robert Levine, Free Ride: How Digital Parasites Are Destroying the Culture Business and How the Culture Business Can Fight Back (New York: Doubleday, 2011), p. 13.
361
«Know Your Rights on Social Media — Legal Considerations and More,» American Society of Media Photographers, 2013.
362
«Understanding the Role of Search in Online Piracy,» Millward Brown Digital, September 2013.
363
«comScore Releases March 2014 U. S. Search Engine Rankings,»comScore.com, April 15, 2014.
364
«comScore Releases '2013 UK Digital Future in Focus Report,'»comScore.com, February 14, 2013.
365
Josh Holiday, «Google Pledge to Downgrade Piracy Sites Under Review,» Guardian, November 5, 2012.
366
See Glenn Peoples, «RIAA Report Criticizes Google's Efforts to Limit Infringing Search Results,» Billboard, February 21, 2013. Also Glenn Peoples, «Business Matters: MP3 Stores Harder to Find as Google Search Removal Requests Accumulate,» Billboard, February 4, 2013.
367
Andrew Albanese, «Artists and Photographers Sue Over Google Book Search,» Publishers Weekly, April 7, 2010.
368
Erik Kirschbaum, «Merkel Criticizes Google for Copyright Infringement,» Reuters, October 10, 2009.
369
Stuart Dredge and Dominic Rushe, «YouTube to Block Indie Labels Who Don't Sign Up to New Music Service,» Guardian, June 17, 2014.
370
Leslie Kaufman, «Chasing Their Star, on YouTube,» New York Times, February 1, 2014.
371
Jason Calacanis, «I Ain't Gonna Work on YouTube's Farm No More,» Launch, June 2, 2013.
372
Carr, «Free Music, at Least While It Lasts.»
373
Michael Wolff, «New Cash, New Questions for Business Insider,» USA Today, March 16, 2014.
374
Levine, Free Ride, p. 4.
375
Levine, Free Ride, p. 113.
376
Henry Mance, «Trust-Fund Newspaper? Not Us,» Financial Times, March 7, 2014. See also Ravi Somaiya, "Guardian to Make Management Changes," New York Times, March 6, 2014.
377
Lucia Moses, "The Guardian's Robot Newspaper Comes to the U.S.," Digiday, April 13, 2014.
378
Tom Kutsch, «The Blurred Lines of Native Advertising,» Al Jazeera America, March 8, 2014.
379
Alan D. Mutter, «The Newspaper Crisis, by the Numbers,» Newsosaur.blogspot.com, July 16, 2014.
380
Monica Anderson, «At Newspapers, Photographers Feel the Brunt of Job Cuts,» Pew Research Center, November 11, 2013.
381
Lawrie Zion, «New Beats: Where Do Redundant Journalists Go?» TheConversation.com, December 1, 2013.
382
Rachel Bartlett, «A Quarter of Spanish Journalists Made Redundant Since the Recession, Suggests Report,» Journalism.co.uk, December 15, 2010.
383
Andres Cala, «Spain's Economic Crisis Has an Unexpected Victim: Journalism,» Christian Science Monitor, February 28, 2013.
384
Clay Shirky, «Last Call: The End of the Printed Newspaper,» Medium.com, August 21, 2014.
385
Rory Carroll, «Silicon Valley's Culture of Failure… and 'the Walking Dead' It Leaves Behind,» Guardian, June 28, 2014.
386
Alyson Shontell, «$4 Billion Is the New $1 Billion in Startups,» Business Insider, November 13, 2013.
387
Joshua Brustein, «Spotify Hits 10 Million Paid Users. Now Can It Make Money?» Bloomberg Businessweek, May 21, 2014.
388
David Byrne, «The Internet Will Suck All Creative Content Out of the World,» Guardian, October 11, 2013.
389
Charles Arthur, «Thom Yorke Blasts Spotify on Twitter as He Pulls His Music,» Guardian, July 15, 2013.
390
Paul Resnikoff, «16 Artists That Are Now Speaking Out Against Streaming,» Digital Music News, February 2, 2013.
391
Ellen Shipley, «My Song Was Played 3.1 Million Times on Pandora. My Check Was $39,» Digital Music News, July 29, 2013.
392
David Carr, «A New Model for Music: Big Bands, Big Brands,» New York Times, March 16, 2014.
393
David Carr, «A New Model for Music: Big Bands, Big Brands,» New York Times, March 16, 2014.
394
David Carr, «A New Model for Music: Big Bands, Big Brands,» New York Times, March 16, 2014.
395
TERA Consultants, «Building a Digital Economy: The Importance of Saving Jobs in the EU's Creative Industries.»
396
European Observatory on Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights, «Intellectual Property Rights Intensive Industries: Contribution to Economic Performance and Employment in the European Union,» September 2013, p. 6.
397
Motion Picture Association of America, «2011 Economic Contribution of the Motion Picture and Television Industry to the United States.»
398
Michael Cass, «Commerce Secretary Gives Music Row Some Good News,» Tennessean, August 7, 2013.
399
Keen, The Cult of the Amateur, p. 113.
400
Packer, «Celebrating Inequality.»
401
Heather Havrilesky, «794 Ways in Which Buzzfeed Reminds Us of Impending Death,» New York Times, July 3, 2014.
402
Anita Elberse, Blockbusters: Hit-Making, Risk-Taking and the Big Business of Entertainment (New York: Henry Holt, 2013), p. 11.
403
Robert H. Frank, «Winners Take All, but Can't We Still Dream?» New York Times, February 22, 2014.
404
Elberse, Blockbusters, p. 160.
405
«The Death of the Long Tail,» MusicIndustryBlog, March 4, 2014.
406
Helienne Lindvall, «The 1 Percent: Income Inequality Has Never Been Worse Among Touring Musicians,» Guardian, July 5, 2013.
407
John Gapper, «The Superstar Still Reigns Supreme over Publishing,» Financial Times, July 17, 2013.
408
Alison Flood, «Most Writers Earn Less Than L600 a Year, Survey Reveals,» Guardian, January 17, 2014.
409
Colin Robinson, «The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Reader,» New York Times, January 4, 2014.
410
Amanda Ripley, The Smartest Kids in the World (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013), pp. 169–70.
411
Tamar Lewin, «Professors at San Jose State Criticize Online Courses,» New York Times, May 2, 2013.
412
Ki Mae Heussner, «'Star' Coursera Prof Stops Teaching Online Course in Objection to MOOCs,» GigaOm, September 3, 2013.
413
William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014), p. 186.
414
Jessica McKenzie, «More Evidence That MOOCs Are Not Great Equalizers,» Techpresident.com, March 17, 2014.
415
Emily Bell, «Journalists Are on the Move in America — and Creating a New Vitality,» Guardian, November 17, 2013.
416
Riva Gold, «Newsroom Diversity: A Casualty of Journalism's Financial Crisis,» Atlantic, July 2013.
417
Emily Bell, «Journalism Startups Aren't a Revolution if They're Filled with All These White Men,» Guardian, March 12, 2014.
418
Suzanne Moore, «In the Digital Economy, We'll Soon All Be Working for Free — and I Refuse,» Guardian, June 5, 2013.
419
Tim Kreider, «Slaves of the Internet, Unite!» New York Times, October 26, 2013.
420
Alina Simone, «The End of Quiet Music,» New York Times, September 25, 2013.
421
Joe Pompeo, "The Huffington Post, Nine Years On," CapitalNewYork.com, May 8, 2014.
422
Joe Pompeo, "The Huffington Post, Nine Years On," CapitalNewYork.com, May 8, 2014.
423
Mathew Ingram, «The Unfortunate Fact Is That Online Journalism Can't Survive Without a Wealthy Benefactor or Cat GIFs,» GigaOm, September 22, 2013.
424
Julie Bosman, «To Stay Afloat, Bookstores Turn to Web Donors,» New York Times, August 11, 2013.
425
Teddy Wayne, «Clicking Their Way to Outrage,» New York Times, July 3, 2014.
426
Ben Dirs, «Why Stan Collymore's Treatment on Twitter Is Not Fair Game,» BBC Sport, January 23, 2014.
427
Raphael Minder, «Fans in Spain Reveal Their Prejudices, and Social Media Fuels the Hostilities,» New York Times, May 22, 2014.
428
Jeff Jarvis, «What Society Are We Building Here?» BuzzMachine, August 14, 2014.
429
Farhad Manjoo, «Web Trolls Winning as Incivility Increases,» New York Times, August 14, 2014.
430
Farhad Manjoo, «Web Trolls Winning as Incivility Increases,» New York Times, August 14, 2014.
431
Amanda Hess, «Why Women Aren't Welcome on the Internet,» Pacific Standard, January 6, 2014.
432
Simon Hattenstone, «Caroline Criado-Perez: 'Twitter Has Enabled People to Behave in a Way They Wouldn't Face to Face,» Guardian, 4 августа 2013 г. Об отсутствии реакции со стороны Twitter см.: Jon Russell, «Twitter UK Chief Responds to Abuse Concerns After Campaigner Is Deluged with Rape Threats», The Next Web, 27 июля 2013 г.
433
«Blog Death Threats Spark Debate,» BBC News, March 27, 2007.
434
Deborah Fallows, «How Women and Men Use the Internet,» Pew Internet and American Life Project, December 28, 2005.
435
Stuart Jeffries, «How the Web Lost Its Way — and Its Founding Principles,» Guardian, August 24, 2014.
436
Alex Hern, «'We Need the Mary Beard Prize for Women Online,' Author Claims,» Guardian, August 7, 2014.
437
Seth Stephens-Davidowitz, «The Data of Hate,» New York Times, July 12, 2014.
438
Emily Bazelton, «The Online Avengers,» New York Times Magazine, January 15, 2014.
439
Jon Henley, «Ask.fm: Is There a Way to Make It Safe?» Guardian, August 6, 2013.
440
Lizette Alvarez, «Felony Counts for 2 in Suicide of Bullied 12-Year-Old,» New York Times, October 15, 2013.
441
Ben Wedeman, «Facebook May Face Prosecution over Bullied Teenager's Suicide in Italy,» CNN, July 31, 2013.
442
Schumpeter, «Anonymous Social Networking: Secrets and Lies,» Economist, March 22, 2014.
443
David Gardner, «Tribes and Sects Rule as the Old Order Crumbles,» Financial Times, July 31, 2014.
444
Sam Jones, «Jihad by Social Media,» Financial Times, March 28, 2014.
445
Rod Nordland, «Iraq's Sunni Militants Take to Social Media to Advance Their Cause and Intimidate,» New York Times, June 28, 2014.
446
Shiv Malik and Michael Safi, «Revealed: The Radical Clerics Using Social Media to Back British Jihadists in Syria,» Guardian, April 15, 2014.
447
Harriet Sherwood, «Israel and Hamas Clash on Social Media,» Guardian, July 16, 2014.
448
Lisa Chow, «Top Reviewers on Amazon Get Tons of Free Stuff,» NPR, Planet Money, October 29, 2013.
449
David Streitfeld, «Give Yourself 5 Stars? Online, It Might Cost You,» New York Times, September 22, 2013.
450
Charles Arthur, «How Low-Paid Workers at 'Click Farms' Create Appearance of Online Popularity,» Guardian, August 2, 2014.
451
Tim Wu, «Little Lies the Internet Told Me,» New Yorker, April 17, 2014.
452
Pippa Stephens, «Trust Your Doctor, Not Wikipedia, Say Scientists,» BBC Health News, May 27, 2014.
453
Tom Simonite, «The Decline of Wikipedia,» MIT Technology Review, October 22, 2013.
454
Tom Simonite, «The Decline of Wikipedia,» MIT Technology Review, October 22, 2013.
455
Anne Perkins, «Whose Truth Is Wikipedia Guarding?» Guardian, August 7, 2014.
456
James R. Hagerty and Kate Linebaugh, «Next 3-D Frontier: Printed Plane Parts,» Wall Street Journal, July 14, 2012.
457
Stuart Dredge, «30 Things Being 3D Printed Right Now (and None of Them Are Guns),» Guardian, January 29, 2014.
458
Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Crown, 2012), p. 12.
459
Eliza Brooke, «Why 3D Printing Will Work in Fashion,» Tech-Crunch, July 20, 2013.
460
Alice Fisher, «3D-Printed Fashion: Off the Printer, Rather Than Off the Peg,» Guardian, October 12, 2013.
461
Rebecca Hiscott, «Will 3D Printing Upend Fashion Like Napster Crippled the Music Industry?» Mashable, March 3, 2014.
462
Katrina Dodd, «Monetize Me: Selfies, Social and Selling,» Contagious, May 19, 2014.
463
Alex Hudson, «Is Digital Piracy Possible on Any Object?» BBC News, December 8, 2013.
464
Paul Krugman, «Sympathy for the Luddites,» New York Times, June 18, 2013.
465
Chris Myant, «Reuben Falber: Key Figure in British Communism,» Independent, May 31, 2006.
466
Noam Cohen, «Borges and the Foreseeable Future,» New York Times, January 6, 2008.
467
Victor Sebestyen, Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire (New York: Pantheon 2009), p. 121.
468
Victor Sebestyen, Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire (New York: Pantheon 2009), p. 121.
469
Anna Funder, Stasiland (London: Granta, 2003), p. 57.
470
Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Kenneth Cukier, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and Think (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 2013), p. 150.
471
Andrew Keen, «Opinion: Beware Creepy Facebook,» CNN, February 3, 2012.
472
Andrew Keen, «Opinion: Beware Creepy Facebook,» CNN, February 3, 2012.
473
Karin Matussek, «Google Fined 145,000 Euros Over Wi-Fi Data Collection in Germany,» Bloomberg News, April 22, 2013.
474
Robert Booth, «Facebook Reveals News Feed Experiment to Control Emotions,» Guardian, June 29, 2014.
475
Natasha Lomas, «Facebook's Creepy Data-Grabbing Ways Make It the Borg of the Digital World,» TechCrunch, June 24, 2013.
476
Patrick Kingsley, «Julian Assange Tells Students That the Web Is the Greatest Spying Machine Ever,» Guardian, March 15, 2011.
477
Charles Arthur, «European Watchdogs Order Google to Rewrite Privacy Policy or Face Legal Action,» Guardian, July 5, 2013.
478
Claire Cain Miller, «Google Accused of Wiretapping in Gmail Scans,» New York Times, October 1, 2013.
479
Las Vaas, «Google Sued for Data-Mining Student Email,» Naked Security, March 18, 2014.
480
Stefan Wolle, Die heile Welt der Diktatur, p. 186.
481
«The NSA's Secret Spy Hub in Berlin,» Spiegel Online, October 27, 2013.
482
Ian Traynor and Paul Lewis, «Merkel Compared NSA to Stasi in Heated Encounter with Obama,» Guardian, December 17, 2013.
483
Duncan Campbell, Cahal Milmo, Kim Gengupta, Nigel Morris, and Tony Patterson, «Revealed: Britain's 'Secret Listening Post in the Heart of Berlin,'» Independent, November 5, 2013.
484
David Sellinger, «Big Data: Getting Ready for the 2013 Big Bang,» Forbes, January 15, 2013. См. также: Ase Dragland, «Big Data, for Better or Worse: 90 % of World's Data Generated over the Last Two Years,» SINTEF.com.
485
Patrick Tucker, «Has Big Data Made Anonymity Impossible?» MIT Technology Review, May 7, 2013.
486
Tim Bradshaw, «Wearable Devices Pump Up the Technology,» Financial Times, January 7, 2014.
487
«Where to Wear Your Technology? Torso to Toe,» Wall Street Journal, January 7, 2014.
488
Michael Chertoff, «Google Glass, the Beginning of Wearable Surveillance,» CNN, May 1, 2013.
489
Claire Cain Miller, «Privacy Officials Worldwide Press Google About Glass,» New York Times, June 19, 2013.
490
Tucker, «Has Big Data Made Anonymity Impossible?»
491
Neil McAllister, «You THINK You're Watching Your LG Smart TV — but IT'S WATCHING YOU, Baby,» Register, November 20, 2013.
492
Chris Bryant and Henry Foy, «VW Chief Warns over Big Brother Vehicle Data,» Financial Times, March 10, 2014.
493
Chris Bryant and Henry Foy, «VW Chief Warns over Big Brother Vehicle Data,» Financial Times, March 10, 2014.
494
Holman W. Jenkins Jr., «When Your Car Is Spying on You,» Wall Street Journal, August 31, 2013.
495
Brandon Bailey, «Google's Working on a Phone That Maps Your Physical Surroundings,» San Jose Mercury News, February 21, 2014.
496
Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, p. 123.
497
Dan Gillmor, «The Real CES Takeaway: Soon We'll Be Even More Connected and Have Even Less Privacy,» Guardian, January 10, 2014.
498
Bryant and Foy, «VW Chief Warns over Big Brother Vehicle Data.»
499
Sophie Gadd, «Five Things I've Learned from Being at the Heart of a Twitter Storm,» Guardian, December 19, 2013.
500
Sophie Gadd, «Five Things I've Learned from Being at the Heart of a Twitter Storm,» Guardian, December 19, 2013.
501
Daniel Bates, «I Am Ashamed,» MailOnline, December 22, 2013.
502
Gadd, «Five Things I've Learned.»
503
Simon Sebag Montefiore, Potemkin: Catherine the Great's Imperial Partner (New York: Vintage, 2005), p. 299.
504
John Dinwiddy, Bentham (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
505
John Dinwiddy, Bentham (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), с. 109.
506
Parmy Olson, «The Quantified Other: Nest and Fitbit Chase a Lucrative Side Business,» Forbes, April 17, 2014.
507
Meglena Kuneva, Keynote Speech, «Roundtable on Online Data Collection, Targeting and Profiling,» Brussels, March 31, 2009.
508
Dan Gillmor, «Is the Internet Now Just One Big Human Experiment?» Guardian, July 29, 2014.
509
Zeynep Tufekci, «Facebook and Engineering the Public.»
510
Christopher Caldwell, «OkCupid's Venal Experiment Was a Poisoned Arrow,» Financial Times, August 1, 2014.
511
Vanessa Thorpe, «Google Defends Listing Extremist Websites in Its Search Results,» Guardian, May 25, 2014.
512
Ana Marie Cox, «Who Should We Fear More with Our Data: The Government or Companies?» Guardian, January 20, 2014.
513
Charlie Savage, Edward Wyatt, Peter Baker, and Michael D. Shear, «Surveillance Leaks Likely to Restart Debate on Privacy,» New York Times, June 7, 2013.
514
John Naughton, «Edward Snowden's Not the Story. The Fate of the Internet Is,» Observer, July 27, 2013.
515
John Naughton, «Edward Snowden's Not the Story. The Fate of the Internet Is,» Observer, July 27, 2013.
516
James Risen and Nick Wingfield, «Web's Reach Binds N. S.A. and Silicon Valley Leaders,» New York Times, June 19, 2013.
517
Michael Hirsh, «Silicon Valley Doesn't Just Help the Surveillance State — It Built It,» Atlantic, June 10, 2013.
518
Claire Cain Miller, «Tech Companies Concede to Surveillance Program,» New York Times, June 7, 2014.
519
David Firestone, «Twitter's Surveillance Resistance,» New York Times, June 10, 2013.
520
Sue Halpern, «Partial Disclosure,» New York Review of Books, July 10, 2014.
521
Andy Greenberg and Ryan Mac, «How a 'Deviant' Philosopher Built Palantir, a CIA-Funded Data-Mining Juggernaut,» Forbes, August 14, 2013.
522
Andy Greenberg and Ryan Mac, «How a 'Deviant' Philosopher Built Palantir, a CIA-Funded Data-Mining Juggernaut,» Forbes, August 14, 2013.
523
Ashlee Vance and Brad Stone, «Palantir, the War on Terror's Secret Weapon,» Bloomberg Businessweek, November 22, 2011.
524
Robert Cookson, «Internet Launches Fightback Against State Snoopers,» Financial Times, August 23, 2013.
525
Это письмо было разослано от имени AOL, Facebook, LinkedIn, Google, Apple, Microsoft, Twitter и Yahoo. См.: reformgovernmentsurveillance.com.
526
«Silicon Valley's Hypocrisy on Spying,» Bloomberg Businessweek, December 11, 2013.
527
Bruce Schneier, «The Public-Private Surveillance Partnership,» Bloomberg Businessweek, July 31, 2013.
528
Daniel Etherington, «Google Patents Tiny Cameras Embedded in Contact Lenses,» TechCrunch, April 13, 2014.
529
James Robinson, "Time Magazine Shows Just How Creepy Smart Homes Really Are," Pando Daily, July 7, 2014.
530
Quentin Hardy, «How Urban Anonymity Disappears When All Data Is Tracked,» New York Times, April 22, 2014.
531
Quentin Hardy, «How Urban Anonymity Disappears When All Data Is Tracked,» New York Times, April 22, 2014.
532
Таково по-прежнему кредо «Провалкона». См.: www.thefailcon.com/about.html.
533
Jessi Hempel, «Hey, Taxi Company, You Talkin' to Me?» CNN Money, September 23, 2013, money.cnn.com/2013/09/19/magazines/fortune/uber-kalanick.pr.fortune.
534
О преклонении Каланика перед идеями Айн Рэнд см.: Paul Carr, «Travis Shrugged: The Creepy, Dangerous Ideology Behind Silicon Valley's Cult of Disruption,» Pando Daily, 24 октября 2012 г; www.pandodaily.com/2012/10/24/travis-shrugged.
535
Julie Zauzmer and Lori Aratani, «Man Visiting D. C. Says Uber Driver Took Him on Wild Ride,» Washington Post, July 9, 2014.
536
Olivia Nuzzi, «Uber's Biggest Problem Isn't Surge Pricing. What If It's Sexual Harassment by Drivers?» Daily Beast, March 28, 2014.
537
См., например: Ryan Lawler, «Uber Prepares for Another Fight with DC Regulators,» TechCrunch, May 17, 2013, techcrunch.com/2013/05/17/uber-prepares-for-another-fight-with-dc-regulators. См. также: Jeff John Roberts, «Cabbies Sue to Drive Car Service Uber out of San Francisco,» GigaOm, November 14, 2012, gigaom.com/2012/11/14/cabbies-sue-to-drive-car-service-uber-outof-san-francisco.
538
Salvador Rodriguez, «Uber Claims Its Cars Attacked by Cab Drivers in France,» Los Angeles Times, January 13, 2014.
539
Mark Scott and Melissa Eddy, «German Court Bans Uber Service Nationwide,» New York Times, September 2, 2014.
540
David Streitfeld, «Rough Patch for Uber's Challenge to Taxis,» New York Times, January 26, 2014.
541
Paul Sloan, «Marc Andreessen: Predictions for 2012 (and Beyond),» CNET, December 19, 2011, news.cnet.com/8301–1023_3–57345138–93/marc-andreessen-predictions-for-2012-and-beyond.
542
Jordan Novet, «Confirmed: Uber Driver Killed San Francisco Girl in Accident,» VentureBeat, January 2, 2014.
543
Michael Hiltzik, «Uber Upholds Capitalism, (Possibly) Learns Downside of Price Gouging,» Los Angeles Times, December 16, 2013.
544
«Uber's Snow Storm Surge Pricing Gouged New Yorkers Big Time,» Gothamist, December 16, 2013.
545
Aly Weisman, «Jerry Seinfeld's Wife Spent $415 During Uber's Surge Pricing to Make Sure Her Kid Got to a Sleepover,» Business Insider, December 16, 2013.
546
Расследование налоговой службой США деятельности Airbnb хорошо документировано. См., например: April Dembosky, «US Taxman Peers into Holiday Rental Sites,» Financial Times, May 29, 2011; Brian R. Fitzgerald and Erica Orden, «Airbnb Gets Subpoena for User Data in New York,» Wall Street Journal, October 7, 2013; и Elizabeth A. Harris, «The Airbnb Economy in New York: Lucrative but Often Unlawful,» New York Times, November 4, 2013.
547
Alexia Tsotsis, «TaskRabbit Gets $13M from Founders Fund and Others to 'Revolutionize the World's Labor Force,'» TechCrunch, July 23, 2012.
548
Brad Stone, «My Life as a TaskRabbit,» Bloomberg Businessweek, September 13, 2012.
549
Sarah Jaffe, «Silicon Valley's Gig Economy Is Not the Future of Work — It's Driving Down Wages,» Guardian, July 23, 2014.
550
Guy Standing, The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class (Bloomsbury Academic, 2001).
551
Natasha Singer, «In the Sharing Economy, Workers Find Both Freedom and Uncertainty,» New York Times, August 16, 2014.
552
George Packer, «Change the World,» New Yorker, 27 мая 2013 г.; www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/05/27/130527fa_fact_packer. Мое интервью с Пакером по поводу его статьи в New Yorker см. на телеканале TechCrunchTV: «Keen On… How We Need to Scale Down Our Self-Regard and Grow Up,» TechCrunch, June 19, 2013, techcrunch.com/2013/06/19/keen-on-silicon-valley-how-we-need-to-scale-down-our-self-regardand-grow-up.
553
Видеозапись выступления Каланика на «Провалконе» см.: www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QrX5jsiico.
554
Приглашение на «Провалкон» см: www.culturesfirststeps.eventbrite.com.
555
Stephen E. Siwek, «The True Cost of Sound Recording Piracy,» Institute of Policy Research, August 21, 2007. См. резюме: ipi.org/ipi_issues/detail/the-true-cost-of-sound-recording-piracy-tothe-us-economy.
556
IFPI Digital Music Report, 2011, «Music at the Touch of a Button,» ifpi.org/content/library/dmr2011.pdf, p. 15.
557
IFPI Digital Music Report, 2011, «Music at the Touch of a Button,» ifpi.org/content/library/dmr2011.pdf, p. 15.
558
См., например, Ellen Huet, «Rideshare Drivers' Unexpected Perk: Networking,» San Francisco Chronicle, December 29, 2013.
559
Gideon Lewis-Kraus, No Exit: Struggling to Survive a Modern Gold Rush (Kindle Single, 2014).
560
Jessica Guynn, «San Francisco Split by Silicon Valley's Wealth,» Los Angeles Times, August 14, 2013.
561
Rebecca Solnit, «Google Invades,» London Review of Books, February 7, 2013.
562
Michael Winter and Alistair Barr, «Protesters Vandalize Google Bus, Block Apple Shuttle,» USA Today, December 20, 2013.
563
Alexei Oreskovic and Sarah McBride, «Latest Perk on Google Buses: Security Guards,» Reuters, January 16, 2014.
564
Tom Perkins, «Progressive Kristallnacht Coming?» Letters to the Editor, Wall Street Journal, January 24, 2014.
565
Nick Wingfield, «Seattle Gets Its Own Tech Bus Protest,» New York Times, February 10, 2014.
566
Packer, «Change the World.»
567
Packer, «Change the World.»
568
Guynn, «San Francisco Split by Silicon Valley's Wealth.»
569
Stephanie Gleason and Rachel Feintzeig, «Startups Are Quick to Fire,» New York Times, December 12, 2013.
570
См., например, Eric Ries, The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses (New York: Crown, 2011).
571
Quentin Hardy, «Technology Workers Are Young (Really Young),» New York Times, July 5, 2013.
572
Vivek Wadhwa, «A Code Name for Sexism and Racism,» Wall Street Journal, October 7, 2013.
573
Jon Terbush, «The Tech Industry's Sexism Problem Is Only Getting Worse,» The Week, September 12, 2013.
574
Jessica Guynn, «Sexism a Problem in Silicon Valley, Critics Say,» Los Angeles Times, October 24, 2013.
575
Terbush, «The Tech Industry's Sexism Problem Is Only Getting Worse.»
576
Elissa Shevinsky, «That's It — I'm Finished Defending Sexism in Tech,» Business Insider, September 9, 2013.
577
Max Taves, «Bias Claims Surge Against Tech Industry,» Recorder, August 16, 2013.
578
Colleen Taylor, «Key Details of the Kleiner Perkins Gender Discrimination Lawsuit,» TechCrunch, May 22, 2012.
579
Alan Berube, «All Cities Are Not Created Unequal,» Brookings Institution, February 20, 2014.
580
Timothy Egan, «Dystopia by the Bay,» New York Times, December 5, 2013.
581
Marissa Lagos, «San Francisco Evictions Surge, Reports Find,» San Francisco Chronicle, November 5, 2013.
582
Carolyn Said, «Airbnb Profits Prompted S. F. Eviction, Ex-Tenant Says,» San Francisco Chronicle, January 22, 2014.
583
Carolyn Said, «Airbnb Profits Prompted S. F. Eviction, Ex-Tenant Says,» San Francisco Chronicle, January 22, 2014.
584
Casy Miner, «In a Divided San Francisco, Private Tech Buses Drive Tension,» NPR.org, December 17, 2013.
585
Andrew Gumbel, «San Francisco's Guerrilla Protest at Google Buses Wells into Revolt,» Observer, January 25, 2014.
586
Carmel DeAmicis, «BREAKING: Protesters Attack Google Bus in West Oakland,» Pando Daily, December 20, 2013.
587
Robin Wilkey, «Peter Shih '10 Things I Hate About You' Post Draws San Francisco's Ire, Confirms Startup Stereotypes,» Huffington Post, August 16, 2013.
588
Jose Fitzgerald, «Real Tech Worker Says SF Homeless 'Grotesque,' 'Degenerate,' 'Trash,'» San Francisco Bay Guardian, December 11, 2013.
589
Yasha Levine, «Occupy Wall Street Leader Now Works for Google, Wants to Crowdfund a Private Militia,» Pando Daily, February 7, 2014.
590
J. R. Hennessy, «The Tech Utopia Nobody Wants: Why the World Nerds Are Creating Will Be Awful,» Guardian, July 21, 2014.
591
Krissy Clark, «What Did the Tech CEO Say to the Worker He Wanted to Automate?» Marketplace.org, August 28, 2013.
592
Solnit, «Google Invades.»
593
Justine Sharrock, «How San Francisco Tech Companies Justify Their Tax Breaks,» Buzzfeed, October 8, 2013.
594
Sam Biddle, «This Asshole Misses the Shutdown,» Valleywag, October 17, 2013.
595
Max Read, «Oakland Residents Are Crowdfunding a Private Police Force,» Valleywag, October 4, 2013.
596
Lisa Fernandez, «Facebook Will Be First Private Company in U.S. to Pay for Full-Time Beat Cop,» NBCBayArea.com, March 5, 2014.
597
Geoffrey A. Fowler and Brenda Cronin, «Freelancers Get Jobs Via Web Services,» Wall Street Journal, May 29, 2013.
598
Greg Kumparak, «Larry Page Wants Earth to Have a Mad Scientist Island,» TechCrunch, May 2015.
599
Sean Gallagher, «Larry Page Wants You to Stop Worrying and Let Him Fix the World,» Ars Technica, May 20, 2013.
600
«What Is Burning Man?» burningman.com/whatisburningman.
601
Nick Bilton, «A Line Is Drawn in the Desert,» New York Times, August 20, 2014.
602
Kevin Roose, «The Government Shutdown Has Revealed Silicon Valley's Dysfunctional Fetish,» New York, October 16, 2013.
603
Chris Anderson, «Elon Musk's Mission to Mars,» Wired, October 21, 2010.
604
Peter Delevett, «Tech Investor Tim Draper Launches 'Six Californias' Ballot Measure to Divide the Golden State,» San Jose Mercury News, December 23, 2013.
605
Aaron Kinney, «Martins Beach: Lawmaker Proposes Eminent Domain for Access on Khosla's Property,» San Jose Mercury News, February 6, 2014.
606
Bill Wasik, «Silicon Valley Needs to Lose the Arrogance or Risk Destruction,» Wired, February 2, 2014.
607
Chris Baker, «Live Free or Down: Floating Utopias on the Cheap,» Wired, January 19, 2009.
608
Egan, «Dystopia by the Bay.»
609
Alex Hern, «Google Execs Saved Millions on Private Jet Flights Using Cheaper NASA Fuel,» Guardian, December 12, 2013.
610
Paul Goldberger, «Exclusive Preview: Google's New Build-from-Scratch Googleplex,» Vanity Fair, February 22, 2013.
611
Allen Martin, «Google Launches Private SF Bay Ferry Service to Shuttle Workers,» CBS Local News, January 7, 2014.
612
Philop Matier and Andrew Ross, "Google Barge Mystery Unfurled, SFGate, November 8, 2013.
613
Tony Romm, «Senate Investigators: Apple Sheltered $44 Billion from Taxes,» Politico, May 20, 2103.
614
Bob Duggan, «Are Tech Giants' Offices the Cathedrals of the Future?» BigThink.com, December 12, 2013.
615
Thomas Schulz, «From Apple to Amazon: The New Monuments to Digital Domination,» Spiegel Online, November 29, 2013.
616
Brandon Bailey, «Mark Buys Four Houses Near His Palo Alto Home,» San Jose Mercury News, October 11, 2013.
617
Allison Arieff, «What Tech Hasn't Learned from Urban Planning,» New York Times, December 13, 2013.
618
Charlotte Allen, «Silicon Chasm: The Class Divide on America's Cutting Edge,» Weekly Standard, December 2, 2013.
619
Tom Foremski, «Fortune Asks 'Why Does America Hate Silicon Valley?',» Silicon Valley Watcher, October 4, 2013.
620
Thomas Friedman, «The Square People, Part One,» New York Times, May 13, 2014. See also «The Square People, Part Two,» New York Times, May 17, 2014.
621
Edward Luce, «America Must Dump Its Disrupters in 2014,» Financial Times, December 22, 2014.
622
Nick Cohen, «Beware the Lure of Mark Zuckerberg's Cool Capitalism,» Observer, March 30, 2013.
623
Fred Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture (University of Chicago Press, 2008).
624
Подробнее об Apple, Стиве Джобсе и Foxconn см. мое интервью на TechCrunchTV с Майком Дейси, исполнителем главной роли в бродвейском спектакле «Агония и экстаз Стива Джобса»: «Apple and Foxconn», TechCrunchTV, February 1, 2011.
625
Lyn Stuart Parramore, «What Does Apple Really Owe Taxpayers? A Lot, Actually,» Reuters, June 18, 2013.
626
Jo Confino, «How Technology Has Stopped Evolution and Is Destroying the World,» Guardian, July 11, 2013.
627
Alexis C. Madrigal, «Camp Grounded, 'Digital Detox,' and the Age of Techno-Anxiety,» Atlantic, July 2013.
628
Oliver Burkman, «Conscious Computing: How to Take Control of Our Life Online,» Guardian, May 10, 2013.
629
Jemima Kiss, «An Online Magna Carta: Berners-Lee Calls for Bill of Rights for Web,» Guardian, March 11, 2014.
630
«Bitcloud Developers Plan to Decentralize Internet,» BBC Technology News, January 23, 2014.
631
Suzanne Labarre, «Why We're Shutting Off Our Comments,» Popular Science, September 24, 2013; Elizabeth Landers, "Huffington Post to Ban Anonymous Comments," CNN, August 22, 2013.
632
«Data Protection: Angela Merkel Proposes Europe Network,» BBC News, February 15, 2014.
633
Philip Oltermann, «Germany 'May Revert to Typewriters' to Counter Hi-Tech Espionage,» Guardian, July 15, 2014.
634
Lanier, Who Owns the Future?, p. 263.
635
John Gapper, «Bitcoin Needs to Grow out of Its Obsessive Adolescence,»Financial Times, March 12, 2014. См. также new.livestream.com/theNYPL/businessasusual.
636
David Byrne, «The NSA Is Burning Down the Web, but What if We Rebuilt a Spy-Proof Internet?» Guardian, March 24, 2014.
637
По поводу непрактичности этого закона см., например, весьма своекорыстную статью легального «царя» Google Дэвида Драммонда: «We Need to Talk About the Right to Be Forgotten,» Guardian, July 10, 2014.
638
Roger Cohen, «The Past in Our Future,» New York Times, November 27, 2013.
639
Jonathan Freedland, «From Memory to Sexuality, the Digital Age Is Changing Us Completely,» Guardian, June 21, 2013.
640
Mark Lilla, «The Truth About Our Libertarian Age,» New Republic, June 17, 2014.
641
Mark Lilla, «The Truth About Our Libertarian Age,» New Republic, June 17, 2014.
642
Douglas Rushkoff, Present Shock: When Everything Happens Now (New York: Current, 2014), p. 9.
643
Mic Wright, «Is 'Shadow' the Creepiest Startup Ever? No, CIA Investment Palantir Owns That Crown,» Telegraph, September 21, 2013.
644
Cass R. Sunstein, Why Nudge: The Politics of Libertarian Paternalism (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014), p. 116.
645
Cohen, «Beware the Lure of Mark Zuckerberg's Cool Capitalism.»
646
europarl.europa.eu/ep_products/poster_invitation.pdf.
647
John Naughton, «Amazon's History Should Teach Us to Beware 'Friendly' Internet Giants,» Guardian, February 22, 2014.
648
Richard Sennett, «Real Progressives Believe in Breaking Up Google,» Financial Times, June 28, 2013.
649
Richard Sennett, «Real Progressives Believe in Breaking Up Google,» Financial Times, June 28, 2013.
650
Rebecca Solnit, «Who Will Stop Google?» Salon, June 25, 2013.
651
Philip Oltermann, «Google Is Building Up a Digital Superstate, Says German Media Boss,» Guardian, April 16, 2014.
652
Mathew Ingram, «Giants Behaving Badly. Google, Facebook and Amazon Show Us the Downside of Monopolies and Black-Box Algorithms,» GigaOm, May 23, 2014.
653
Polly Toynbee, «Snowden's Revelations Must Not Blind Us to Government as a Force for Good,» Guardian, June 10, 2013.
654
Simon Bowers and Rajeev Syal, «MP on Google Tax Avoidance Scheme: 'I Think That You Do Evil,'» Guardian, May 16, 2013.
655
Marc Rotenberg, «Put Teeth in Google Privacy Fines,» CNN, April 29, 2013.
656
Alex Hern, «Italy Gives Google 18 Months to Comply with European Privacy Regulations,» Guardian, July 22, 2014.
657
«When Will the Justice Department Take On Amazon?» Nation, July 16, 2014.
658
Ingrid Lunden, «More Woe for Amazon in Germany as Antitrust Watchdog Investigates Its 3rd Party Pricing Practices,» TechCrunch, October 21, 2013.
659
«Amazon Sued by US Regulators over Child In-App Purchases,» BBC Business News, July 10, 2014.
660
Brad Stone, «Amazon May Get Its First Labor Union in the U.S.,» Bloomberg Businessweek, December 17, 2013.
661
David Streitfeld and Melissa Eddy, «As Publishers Fight Amazon, Books Vanish,» New York Times, May 23, 2014.
662
Stone, The Everything Store, p. 340.
663
Marcus Wohlsen, «Why the Sun Is Setting on the Wild West of Ride-Sharing,» Wired, August 2, 2013.
664
April Dembosky and Tim Bradshaw, «Start-ups: Shareholder Societies,» Financial Times, August 7, 2013.
665
Ben Popper, «Uber Agrees to New National Policy That Will Limit Surge Pricing During Emergencies,» Verge, July 8, 2014.
666
Chris Welch, «Airbnb Hosts Must Install Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors by End of 2014,» Verge, February 21, 2014.
667
Eric T. Schneiderman, «Taming the Digital Wild West,» New York Times, April 22, 2014.
668
Carolyn Said, «S.F. Ballot Would Severely Limit Short-Term Rentals,» SFGate, April 29, 2014.
669
Cale Guthrie Weissman, «Working Families Party Joins the Anti-Airbnb Brigade,» Pando Daily, May 2, 2014.
670
Kevin Collier, «Philadelphia Jumps the Gun, Bans 3-D-Printed Guns,» Daily Dot, November 22, 2013.
671
John Sunyer, «No Comment?» Financial Times, May 24, 2014.
672
Associated Press, «'Revenge Porn' Outlawed in California,» Guardian, October 1, 2013.
673
Pamela Druckerman, «The French Do Buy Books. Real Books,» New York Times, July 9, 2014.
674
Andrew Wallenstein, «Cable Operator Pitching TV Industry on Plan to Convert Illegal Downloads to Legal Transaction Opportunities,» Variety, August 5, 2013, variety.com/2013/digital/news/comcast-developing-anti-piracy-alternative-to-six-strikes-exclusive-1200572790.
675
«Recording Industry Welcomes Support by Payment Providers to Tackle Illegal Online Sale of Unlicensed Music,» International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, March 2, 2011, ifpi.org/content/section_news/20110302.html.
676
Bill Rosenblatt, «Ad Networks Adopt Notice-and-Takedown for Ads on Pirate Sites,» Copyright and Technology Blog, July 21, 2013, copyrightandtechnology.com/category/economics.
677
Victoria Espinel, «Coming Together to Combat Online Piracy and Counterfeiting,» Whitehouse.gov, July 15, 2013.
678
Kyle Alspach, «Steve Case: Silicon Valley Has Wrong Mindset for Next Internet Revolution,» Techflash, October 10, 2013.
679
Mariana Mazzucato, The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths (London: Anthem, 2013), p. 105.
680
Joseph Schumpeter, «The Entrepreneurial State,» Economist, August 31, 2013.
681
Michael Ignatieff, «We Need a New Bismarck to Tame the Machines,» Financial Times, February 11, 2014.
682
Catherine Bigelow, «An Honor for Danielle Steel and a Downton for All,» SFGate, January 9, 2014.
683
Chrystia Freeland, Plutocrats: The Rise of the New Global Super Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else (New York: Penguin, 2012).
684
Chrystia Freeland, «Sympathy for the Toffs,» New York Times, January 24, 2014.
685
Chrystia Freeland, «Sympathy for the Toffs,» New York Times, January 24, 2014.
686
William Powers, Hamlet's BlackBerry: A Practical Philosophy for Building a Good Life in the Digital Age (HarperCollins, 2010).
687
Jeff Jarvis, «What Society Are We Building Here?» Buzzmachine, August 14, 2014.
«…Церковный Собор, сделавшийся в наши дни религиозно-нравственною необходимостью, конечно, не может быть долгом какой-нибудь частной группы церковного общества; будучи церковным – он должен быть делом всей Церкви. Каждый сознательный и живой член Церкви должен внести сюда долю своего призвания и своих дарований. Запросы и большие, и малые, как они понимаются самою Церковью, т. е. всеми верующими, взятыми в совокупности, должны быть представлены на Соборе в чистом и неискажённом виде…».
Статья посвящена положению словаков в Австро-Венгерской империи, и расстрелу в октябре 1907 года, жандармами, местных жителей в словацком селении Чернова близ Ружомберока…
В книге рассказывается история главного героя, который сталкивается с различными проблемами и препятствиями на протяжении всего своего путешествия. По пути он встречает множество второстепенных персонажей, которые играют важные роли в истории. Благодаря опыту главного героя книга исследует такие темы, как любовь, потеря, надежда и стойкость. По мере того, как главный герой преодолевает свои трудности, он усваивает ценные уроки жизни и растет как личность.
Конфликт вокруг Западной Сахары (Сахарской Арабской Демократической Республики — САДР) — бывшей испанской колонии, так и не добившейся свободы и независимости, длится уже более тридцати лет. Согласно международному праву, народ Западной Сахары имеет все основания добиваться самоопределения, независимости и создания собственного суверенного государства. Более того, САДР уже признана восьмьюдесятью (!) государствами мира, но реализовать свои права она не может до сих пор. Бескомпромиссность Марокко, контролирующего почти всю территорию САДР, неэффективность посредников ООН, пассивность либо двойные стандарты международного сообщества… Этот сценарий, реализуемый на пространствах бывшей Югославии и бывшего СССР, давно и хорошо знаком народу САДР.
В книге рассказывается история главного героя, который сталкивается с различными проблемами и препятствиями на протяжении всего своего путешествия. По пути он встречает множество второстепенных персонажей, которые играют важные роли в истории. Благодаря опыту главного героя книга исследует такие темы, как любовь, потеря, надежда и стойкость. По мере того, как главный герой преодолевает свои трудности, он усваивает ценные уроки жизни и растет как личность.
В книге рассказывается история главного героя, который сталкивается с различными проблемами и препятствиями на протяжении всего своего путешествия. По пути он встречает множество второстепенных персонажей, которые играют важные роли в истории. Благодаря опыту главного героя книга исследует такие темы, как любовь, потеря, надежда и стойкость. По мере того, как главный герой преодолевает свои трудности, он усваивает ценные уроки жизни и растет как личность.