Нейромания. Как мы теряем разум в эпоху расцвета науки о мозге - [88]
(36) Norman Cousins, “Smudging the Subconscious”, Saturday Review, October 5, 1957, 20; “Ban on Subliminal Ads, Pending FCC Probe, Is Urged”, Advertising Age, November 11, 1957, 1; Stuart Rogers, “How a Publicity Blitz Created the Myth of Subliminal Advertising”, Public Relations Quarterly 37, no. 4 (1992): 12-17; “Psychic Hucksterism Stir Calls for Inquiry”, New York Times, October 6, 1957, 38; Jack Gould, “A State of Mind: Subliminal Advertising, Invisible to Viewer, Stirs Doubt and Debate”, New York Times, December 8, 1957, D15.
(37) “Subliminal Ads Should Cause Little Concern, Psychologists Told”, Washington Post, September 2, 1958; James B. Twitched, Adcult USA: The Triumph of Advertising in American Culture (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), 114; Anthony R Pratkanis, “The Cargo-Cult Science of Subliminal Persuasion”, Skeptical Inquirer 16, no. 3 (1992), http://www. csicop.org/si/show/cargo-cult science of subliminal persuasion.
(38) F. Danzig, “Subliminal Advertising — Today It’s Just Historic Flashback for Researcher Vicary”, Advertising Age, September 17, 1962, 33, 72, 74; Raymond A. Bauer, “The Limits of Persuasion: The Hidden Persuaders Are Made of Straw”, Harvard Business Review 36, no. 5 (1958): 105- 110, 105. Ни одно исследование не подтвердило эффекта воздействия подпороговых стимулов на отношение к вещам или покупательское поведение. См.: обзор Sheri J. Broyles, “Subliminal Advertising and the Perpetual Popularity of Playing to People’s Paranoia”, Journal of Consumer Affairs 40 (2006): 392-406; Anthony R. Pratkanis and Anthony G. Green- wald, “Recent Perspectives on Unconscious Processing: Still No Marketing Applications”, Psychology and Marketing 5 (1988): 339-355; и T.E. Moore, “Subliminal Perception: Facts and Fallacies”, Skeptical Inquirer 16 (1992): 273-281. Подпороговые записи, направленные на снижение веса, улучшение памяти или повышение самооценки, тоже оказались неэффективными. Общую информацию см. в: L.A. Brannon and Т.С. Brock, “The Subliminal Persuasion Controversy: Reality, Enduring Fable, and Polonious’ Weasel”, в Persuasion: Psychological Insights and Perspectives, ed. S. Shav- itt and T. C. Brock (Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1994): 279- 293; J. Saegert, “Why Marketing Should Quit Giving Subliminal Advertising the Benefit of the Doubt”, Psychology and Marketing 4 (1987): 107-1 20; Brandon Randolph-Seng and Robert D. Mather, “Does Subliminal Persuasion Work? It Depends on Your Motivation and Awareness”, Skeptical Inquirer 33, no. 5 (2009): 49-53; и еще: Joel Cooper and Grant Cooper, “Subliminal Motivation: A Story Revisited”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, no. 11 (2002): 2213-2227. Также см. сообщение о призыве Дэниела Канемана воспроизвести результаты, подобные этим, в: Ed Yong, “Nobel Laureate Challenges Psychologists to Clean Up Their Act”, Nature News, October 3, 2012, http://www.nature.com/news/nobel-laureate-challenges- psychologists-to-clean-up-their-act-1.11535.
(39) Scott O. Lilienfeld et al., A Review of 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology: Shattering Widespread Misconceptions about Human Behavior (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009); Natasha Singer, “Making Ads That Whisper to the Brain”, New York Times, November 13, 2010; Mark R. Wilson, Jeannie Gaines, and Ronald P. Hill, “Neuromarketing and Consumer Free Will”, Journal of Consumer Affairs 42, no. 3 (2008): 389-410; “Neuromarketing: Beyond Branding”, Lancet Neurology 3 (2004): 71; “News Release: Commercial Alert Asks Feds to Investigate Neuromarketing Research
at Emory University”, December 17, 2003, http://www.commercialalert. org/issues/culture/neuromarketing/commercial-alert-asks-feds-to-nvesti- gate-neuromarketing-research-at-emory-university. «Мы, американцы, можем убедиться быстрее, чем нам кажется: оруэлловская — не слишком сильное слово для этой перспективы [нейромаркетинга]»; “Commercial Alert Asks Senate Commerce Committee to Investigate Neuromarketing”, July 12, 2004, http://www.commercialalert.org/issues/culture/neuromar- keting/commercial-alert-asks-senate-commerce-committee-to-investigate- neuromarketing.
(40) Жалоба и запрос на расследование, поданные организациями: Center for Digital Democracy, Consumer Action, Consumer Watchdog и the Praxis Project, 19 октября 2011, 2, http://case-studies.digitalads.org/wp- content/uploads/2011/10/complaint.pdf. Федеральная торговая комиссия рассматривает жалобу, как сообщил Джеффри Честер (Jeffrey Chester) из Center for Digital Democracy, — из личного общения с авторами 26 января 2013. Боир процитирован в: Jim Schnabel, “Neuromarketers: The New Influence Peddlers?”, Dana Foundation, March 25, 2008, http:// dana.org/news/features/detail.aspx?id = 11686.
