Энергия крахмала. Ешьте вкусно, заботьтесь о здоровье и худейте навсегда [заметки]
Сноски
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А-тип личности – система признаков, характеризующих индивида, среди которых ведущими являются тенденция к конкурированию, нетерпеливость, раздражительность. Авторы типологии – американские ученые Рэй Розенман и Мейер Фридман. Считается, что представители данного типа наиболее подвержены заболеваниям сердечно-сосудистой системы. Здесь и далее примечания редактора и переводчика.
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Великая депрессия – мировой экономический кризис, начавшийся в 1929-м и закончившийся в 1939 году, наиболее остро проявлялся с 1929 по 1933 год. Наиболее остро кризис ощущался в Канаде, США, Франции, Великобритании и Германии.
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Ангиография – метод контрастного рентгенологического исследования кровеносных сосудов, который помогает выявить их повреждения и пороки.
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ДДТ, или дихлордифенилтрихлорметилметан, – химический препарат для уничтожения вредных насекомых, особенно эффективен для борьбы с саранчой.
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Мост Золотые Ворота – висячий мост над одноименным проливом, соединяющий Сан-Франциско и южную часть округа Марин. Его общая длина – 2737 метров. Это один из самых известных мостов в мире.
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Диета весонаблюдателей (Weight Watchers) – система питания, созданная в 1963 году американской домохозяйкой Джин Недич, в настоящее время популярная и доступная каждому. Основной постулат этой диеты – меньше есть и больше двигаться. Для ясности (сколько именно есть и как именно двигаться) продуктам и физическим упражнениям присваиваются определенные баллы.
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Программа похудения Дженни Крейг включает в себя уже приготовленные и готовые к доставке блюда, персональное консультирование по телефону, а также видео с упражнениями. Привлекает внимание своей легкостью (ничего не надо готовить) и доступностью.
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Маниок – южноамериканский кустарник, из корней которого получают питательную муку. По вкусу напоминает привычный нам картофель.
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Кетоз – избыточное накопление кетоновых тел в тканях организма, которое обычно образуется в результате нарушения метаболизма жиров вследствие высокого уровня потребления белковой пищи.
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По мнению авторов диеты, Харви и Мэрилин Даймонд, выбор продуктов определяется периодами, на которые поделен день. Так, в «фазе выделения» (с четырех утра и до обеда) можно есть только фрукты и пить свежевыжатый сок, а во второй фазе – «фазе приема пищи» (с обеда до восьми вечера) – что-то более существенное: салат, тушеные овощи, бобовые, хлеб, немного мяса или рыбы. Молоко и молочные продукты запрещены.
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Диета Южного пляжа была разработана кардиологом Артуром Агатстоном и кардиологом Мэри Алмон в 1999 году. Принцип действия диеты основан на отказе от быстрых углеводов (резко повышающих уровень сахара в крови) и замене их медленными, а также на замене продуктов, содержащих насыщенные жиры, на продукты, содержащие ненасыщенные жиры (омега-3-жирные кислоты).
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Он же субсалицилат висмута – лекарственный препарат от расстройства желудка.
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Апноэ – расстройство, для которого характерно прекращение дыхательной функции во время сна на десять секунд и более.
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Колит – воспаление слизистой оболочки толстой кишки.
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Прионы – особый класс чисто белковых инфекционных агентов, вызывающих тяжелые заболевания центральной нервной системы у человека и ряда высших животных.
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Эмфизема легких – заболевание дыхательных путей, характеризующееся повышенной воздушностью легочной ткани.
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The Kind Diet.
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A Race for Life: Diet and Exercise Program for Superfitness and Reversing the Aging Process.
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Полное наименование программы – Special Supplement Food Programm for Women, Infants and Children. Эта программа бесплатно обеспечивает специальным усиленным питанием беременных женщин, кормящих матерей и маленьких детей из семей с невысоким уровнем дохода. Этим категориям выдаются купоны для приобретения на местных фермерских рынках свежих фруктов и овощей, а также иных продуктов.
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ConAgraFoods – американская продовольственная компания, размещенная в Небраске. Компания выпускает и продает продукты под различными товарными знаками, которые доступны в супермаркетах, учреждениях общественного питания и ресторанах.
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В конце октября 2015 года в Китае официально разрешили рожать второго ребенка.
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ЮНИСЕФ (United Nations Children’s Fund, UNICEF) – международная организация, действующая под эгидой ООН, основная цель которой – оказание помощи нуждающимся детям.
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Physiological Economy in Nutrition.
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Азотистый баланс – соответствие между количеством азота, поглощенного органом и выделенного из него; необходим для устойчивого развития человека.
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Банту – название более чем 400 этнических групп, населяющих территорию Африки южнее Сахары. В настоящее время их общая численность насчитывает 200 миллионов человек.
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TOPS (Take off Pounds Sensibly – «Худейте разумно») – организация, члены которой объединены общей целью – сбросить вес, причем способ похудения не имеет значения. Для участия в TOPS не обязательно строго следовать предлагаемым планам питания, достаточно соблюдать общие рекомендации, данные вашим доктором. Согласно одному из планов TOPS, который называется «Система замещения», вся еда делится на шесть категорий – крахмалы, мясо, фрукты, овощи, молоко и жиры, и продукты в одной и той же категории можно взаимозаменять, главное, чтобы в их состав входило одинаковое количество белков, жиров и углеводов. Второй план – «Правило тарелки»: в соответствии с этим планом половину вашей обычной тарелки всегда должны занимать овощи.
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Мастэктомия – хирургическая операция по удалению молочной железы.
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Инсулиноподобный фактор роста-1 (ИФР-1, англ. IGF-1) – белок, по структуре и функциям напоминающий инсулин. Считается, что он играет активную роль в процессах старения организма.
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E. coli (Escherichia coli, или кишечная палочка) – бактерия, имеющая форму палочки с закругленными концами, открытая в 1885 году немецким микробиологом Теодором Эшерихом и названная в его честь.
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Сейтан – растительный заменитель мяса, производится из пшеничной клейковины и воды.
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Кокрановское сотрудничество (Cochrane Collaboration) – международная организация, изучающая эффективность медицинских средств путем проведения рандомизированных контролируемых исследований.
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Район Великих озер – крупный регион в Северной Америке, который охватывает территорию канадской провинции Онтарио на севере и восемь штатов США на юге.
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Зоб – увеличение щитовидной железы, не связанное с воспалением или злокачественной опухолью.
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Фибромиалгия – состояние организма, вызванное постоянной болью в мышцах, которое сопровождается усталостью во всем теле. Может быть последствием физических и эмоциональных травм, а также вирусных инфекций.
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Статины – препараты для снижения уровня холестерина.
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Тритикале – гибрид ржи и пшеницы, новый вид злака, дающий более высокие урожаи.
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Тортильяс – тонкая лепешка из пшеничной или кукурузной муки, широко распространенная в Мексике.
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Кранберри, или римская фасоль, – светлая фасоль с полосками клюквенного цвета.
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Таро – популярное пищевое растение Африки, Юго-Восточной Азии и других тропических регионов.
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Ямс – это растение, которое, подобно картофелю, образует подземные клубни. Внешне очень похож на батат, однако последний является корнеплодом, как, например, морковь.
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Мисо – продукт традиционной японской кухни, чаще всего в виде густой пасты. Мисо производится путем ферментации соевых бобов, риса, ячменя, пшеницы или смеси из них.
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Антациды – препараты, предназначенные для лечения кислотозависимых заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта. Наиболее известный в прошлом антацид – пищевая сода.
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Убитые тепловой обработкой, но не разрушенные дрожжи с высоким содержанием белка и витаминов (особенно группы B). Не путать с обычными дрожжами, которые используются в выпечке! Пищевые дрожжи продаются в виде хлопьев или порошка в магазинах здорового питания и очень популярны у веганов, поскольку их можно использовать как заменитель сыра.
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Здесь и далее имеется в виду чашка объемом 240 мл.
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Можно заменить на тыквенное пюре.
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Черная патока.
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Белая цельнозерновая мука (white whole-wheat powder) – стремительно набирающий популярность в США вид муки. Добавка такой муки к обычной белой практически не заметна.
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Мауи – один из самых посещаемых гавайских островов.
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Самый знаменитый сорт греческих оливок, которые выращиваются близ города Каламата. Это черно-фиолетовые миндалевидные оливки с тонкой кожицей и упругой мякотью.
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Айоли – чесночный соус из Южной Франции.
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Рап – вариант бутерброда, когда ингредиенты заворачиваются в тонкую лепешку или лаваш.
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Специальная мука тонкого помола, более светлая, чем обычная кукурузная.
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Адобо – соус рассольно-маринадного типа с острым красным перцем, чесноком, натуральными фруктовыми уксусами и солью.
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«Неряха Джо» (Sloppy Joe) – популярный американский сэндвич, который традиционно готовится с поджаренным говяжьим фаршем.
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Фалафель – блюдо, представляющее собой обжаренные шарики из измельченного нута.
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Традиционное мексиканское блюдо, состоит из кукурузной или пшеничной лепешки, наполненной разнообразными начинками.
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Водяной орех, или чилим, – водное растение с плодами, напоминающими орехи. В России в давние времена водяные орехи активно употреблялись в пищу. Сейчас их используют для лечения почек, а также в качестве общеукрепляющего, тонизирующего и желчегонного средства; кроме того, они обладают антивирусными свойствами.
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Хойсин – китайский соус, имеющий красноватый цвет и пряный вкус, изготавливается из соевых бобов с добавлением сахара, уксуса, кунжутного масла, красного риса и специй.
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Чипотле – приправа, представляющая собой копченый перец халапеньо.
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В оригинале говорится о соке V8 производства компании Campbell Soup Co, в состав которого входят помидоры, морковь, сельдерей, свекла, петрушка, кочанный салат, кресс-салат и шпинат.
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Горох мангетот – нечто среднее между стручковым и посевным горохом, его стручки имеют ярко-зеленый цвет, горошины хрустящие и сладковатые.
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Текс-мекс (англ. tex-mex) – местная разновидность американской кухни на юго-западе США, в которой пищевые продукты, доступные в США, соединяются с мексиканскими кулинарными традициями.
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В оригинальном рецепте предлагается использовать замороженную фасоль лима, но в России ее не продают.
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Лингуине – длинные тонкие макаронные изделия типа спагетти, только плоские.
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Мирин – японское сладкое рисовое вино, используемое в кулинарии.
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Перуанская фасоль – фасоль желтоватого цвета, напоминающая по вкусу и текстуре фасоль пинто.
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Маринара (итал. «моряцкий соус») – итальянский соус, который делают из помидоров, чеснока, пряных трав (базилика) и лука.
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Кондитерская мука (pastry flour) – специальная мука, предназначенная для выпечки кондитерских изделий. Такая мука делается из внутренней части эндосперма и отличается низким содержанием клейковины.
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Hellerstein MK. De novo lipogenesis in humans: metabolic and regulatory aspects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr; 53 Suppl 1: S53–65.
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Acheson KJ, Schutz Y, Bessard T, et al. Glycogen storage capacity and de novo lipogenesis during massive carbohydrate overfeeding in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Aug; 48 (2): 240–47.
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Minehira K, Bettschart V, Vidal H, et al. Effect of carbohydrate overfeeding on whole body and adipose tissue metabolism in humans. Obes Res. 2003 Sep; 11 (9): 1096–1103.
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McDevitt RM, Bott SJ, Harding M, et al. De novo lipogenesis during controlled overfeeding with sucrose or glucose in lean and obese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Dec; 74 (6): 737–46.
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Dirlewanger M, di Vetta V, Guenat E, et al. Effects of short-term carbohydrate or fat overfeeding on energy expenditure and plasma leptin concentrations in healthy female subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Nov; 24 (11): 1413–18.
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Книга выдающегося архитектора XX века Ле Корбюзье (1887–1965), впервые опубликованная в 1937 году, объединяет в себе документально-художественное повествование о первом посещении автором Америки и размышления о судьбах зодчества в эру технологического прогресса и урбанизма.
В книге рассказываются пути создания того или иного дизайна. Книга охватывает различные сферы дизайна — от иллюстрации до промышленного дизайна. Так же книга хорошо подойдёт для тех, кто хочет понять суть той или иной работы дизайнера. Часто будущий дизайнер не знает, что ожидать от направления, которое он выбрал. В книге рассказывается, какие шаги в работе, к примеру иллюстратором или UI-дизайнером, он будет делать каждый день. Книга поможет понять, в чём суть работы дизайнера в каждом направлении.
Вне всякого сомнения, Коко Шанель – одна из величайших женщин XX века. Она не просто создавала модную одежду, которую можно было носить и в праздники, и в будни, – она творила. И в основе ее творчества лежало глубокое понимание психологии прекрасного пола, иными словами, каждым своим новым произведением Шанель отвечала на вечный вопрос: «Чего хочет женщина?» Жизненная мудрость великой Коко была основана на личном опыте, не всегда простом и приятном. На ее пути к славе и мировому признанию было немало препятствий.
Практическое руководство по выживанию в критических ситуациях от одного из ведущих специалистов среди выживальщиков. На страницах своей книги Джим Кобб делится советами и стратегиями по удовлетворению базовых потребностей человека – в еде, гигиене, жилье, тепле и безопасности. Для более ясного представления о мире после серьезной катастрофы и понимания практической значимости советов, каждая глава начинается с вымышленной записи в дневнике, написанной в течение нескольких недель после коллапса. В книге вы найдете наиболее полную информацию по выживанию: от сбора тревожного чемоданчика и обустройства быта после катастрофы до советов по защите дома и правил бартера, а также необходимые чек-листы.
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А вы знали, что зубы могут быть причиной мигрени, аритмии, проблем с кишечником, болей в разных частях тела и даже бессонницы? Конечно, речь не о той бессоннице, когда невозможно уснуть, мучаясь от зубной боли. Словно коварные тайные агенты, зубы провоцируют проблемы во всех системах организма, не привлекая к себе лишнего внимания. Мы же, пытаясь понять причину болезней, вынуждены месяцами ходить от врача к врачу. Автор книги Анетте Яспер более 20 лет занимается этим вопросом, и в своей книге она раскрывает удивительное воздействие зубов на весь организм человека через увлекательные истории из практики.