Informatics 9. Билингвальный учебник - [10]

Operational database - This is more of a basic form of data that contain information relating to the operations of an enterprise.

End-user database - End user is the user of software, application or a product. This is a shared database which is shared by users and is meant for use by the end users, just like managers at different levels.

Commercial database - This is a database that contains information which external users may require. However, they will not be able to afford to maintain such huge database by themselves.

Personal database - The personal databases are maintained, generally, on personal computers. They contain information that is meant for use only among a limited number of users, generally working in the same department.

Distributed database - These databases have contributions from the common databases as well as the data captured from the local operations.

Fact

A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts with end users, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general purpose DBMS allows the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases.

Fact

Your responsibility as a database administrator (DBA) will be the performance, integrity, and security of a database. You’ll be involved in the planning and development of the database, as well as in troubleshooting any issues on behalf of the users.

You’ll ensure that:

- data remains consistent across the database;

- data is clearly defined;

- users access data concurrently, in a form that suits their needs;

- there is provision for data security and recovery control (ensuring all data is retrievable in an emergency).

Terminology

performance - өнімділік - представление

integrity - тұтастық - целостность

security - қауіпсіздік - безопасность

troubleshoot - ақаулықтарды жою - устранение неполадок

enterprise - кəсіпорын - предприятие

CHECK YOURSELF

1. Where can we use databases? (Give at least 3 examples)

2. Which parts does a database system consist from?

3. Describe the steps of planning a database

4. What data types do we have in Google Sheets?

5. What are the ways of creating a form?

6. How to apply a filter to table?

7. What is pivot table?

8. Describe the way of creating a spreadsheet table by using Form.

9. Describe functions of filter in Google sheet.

10. Describe way to apply pivot table.

11. Give 3 examples of where you can use Google Forms

12. Describe types of charts

13. Describe way to apply chart to your table.

 

CHAPTER 3. PROGRAMMING

3.1 PYTHON LIST

You will:

Create python list and use;

Learn to change list items.

How can you create a program that will store your classmates’ names?

Список в Python

На этом уроке раскрываются подробности работы со списками: удаление и добавление элементов, методы списков.

Что такое список (list) в Python?

Список (list) – это структура данных для хранения объектов различных типов. В нем можно хранить объекты различных типов. Размер списка не статичен, его можно изменять. писок по своей природе является изменяемым типом данных.

Список представляет собой последовательность значений в квадратных скобках ([ ]). Значения списка называются элементами и разделяются запятыми.

>>> [value, value, ...]

Example 1

>>> data = [“This”, “list”, “has”, 4, “elements”]

>>> print (data)

This list has 4 elements

>>> numbers = [5, 3, 12, 4, 9, 12]

>>> print(numbers)

5 3 12 4 9 12

List Indexes

Each element in a list is accessed by an index. List indices start at 0.

An element can be accessed by an index using the following command:

list[index]

Example 2

>>> Fruits = [“apple”, “banana” , “orange”]

>>> print ( Fruits[0] )

>>> print ( Fruits[1] )

>>> print ( Fruits[2] )

apple banana orange

Keep in mind

Arrays and lists are both used in Python to store data, but they are different. The main difference between a list and an array is the functions that you can perform to them. Arrays have to be declared while lists don’t because they are part of Python’s syntax. So lists are used more often.

Practice 1

Print the second item in the fruits list.

fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”]

Negative List Indexing

Virtually everything about string indexing works similarly for lists. For example, a negative list index counts from the end of the list:

Example 3

>>> a[-1]

‘corge’

>>> a[-2]

‘quux’

>>> a[-5]

‘bar’

Practice 2

Print the item with second negative index in the fruits list.

fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”]

Negative List Indexing

In Python, lists can be modified. For example, you can change the element at a certain index by assigning a new value to it.

list[index] = value

Example 4

>>> Fruits = [“apple”,”banana”,”orange”]

>>> Fruits[0] = “peach”

>>> Fruits[1] = “cherry”

>>> print ( Fruits )

peach cherry orange

Practice 3

Change the value from “apple” to “kiwi”, in the fruits list.

fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”]

Practice 4

There is a list of misspelled fruits within a list. Replace each mistake with the correct word.

fruits = [“aple”, “orang”, “bnanan”, “grapy”]

Literacy

1. Think about how to create a list of weekdays.