Хороший стресс как способ стать сильнее и лучше [заметки]

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Одна из самых распространенных на массовом рынке марок пива в США. – Здесь и далее прим. ред.

Орсильо С., Ремер Л. Осознанность или тревога. Перестань беспокоиться и верни себе свою жизнь. – М.: Гуманитарный центр, 2016.

Комментарии

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Crum, Alia J., Modupe Akinola, Ashley Martin, and Sean Fath. «Improving Stress Without Reducing Stress: The Benefits of a Stress Is Enhancing Mindset in Both Challenging and Threatening Contexts.» Неопубликованная рукопись (2015). Частично данные представлены в: Martin, A. M., Alia J. Crum, and Modupe A. Akinola. «The Buffering Effects of Stress Mindset on Cognitive Functioning During Stress.» Постер представлен на конференции Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Остин, Техас, 2014.

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По данным психолога Лауры Карстенсен, среди прочих психологических преимуществ пожилого возраста можно назвать и то, что люди с возрастом становятся счастливее. См., например: Carstensen, Laura L., Bulent Turan, Susanne Scheibe, Nilam Ram, Hal Ersner-Hershfield, Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin, Kathryn P. Brooks, and John R. Nesselroade. «Emotional Experience Improves with Age: Evidence Based on Over 10 Years of Experience Sampling.» Psychology and Aging 26, no. 1 (2011): 21–33.

Wolff, Julia K., Lisa M. Warner, Jochen P. Ziegelmann, and Susanne Wurm. «What Do Targeting Positive Views on Aging Add to a Physical Activity Intervention in Older Adults? Results from a Randomised Controlled Trial.» Psychology and Health (2014): 1–18.

Wurm, Susanne, Lisa M. Warner, Jochen P. Ziegelmann, Julia K. Wolff, and Benjamin Schьz. «How Do Negative Self-Perceptions of Aging Become a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?» Psychology and Aging 28, no. 4 (2013): 1088–97.

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Взято из «Теста на отношение к стрессу», первая публикация в Crum, Alia J., Peter Salovey, and Shawn Achor. «Rethinking Stress: The Role of Mindsets in Determining the Stress Response.» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 104, no. 4 (2013): 716–33. Опубликовано с разрешения авторов. Copyright 2013, American Psychological Association.

Там же.

Опрос NPR/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health «Burden of Stress in America» («Влияние стресса на американцев») проводился с 5 марта по 8 апреля 2014 г. с участием 2505 респондентов.

Исследование Stress in America («Стресс в Америке») – это ежегодный опрос, проводимый Harris Interactive для Американского психологического общества. Полный отчет за 2013 г. был выпущен Обществом 11 февраля 2014 г. http://www.apa.org/news/press/ releases/stress/2013/stress-report.pdf.

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Moghimian, Maryam, Mahdieh Faghihi, Seyed Morteza Karimian, Alireza Imani, Fariba Houshmand, and Yaser Azizi. «The Role of Central Oxytocin in Stress-Induced Cardioprotection in Ischemic-Reperfused Heart Model.» Journal of Cardiology 61, no. 1 (2013): 79–86.

Laurent, Heidemarie K., Sean M. Laurent, and Douglas A. Granger. «Salivary Nerve Growth Factor Response to Stress Related to Resilience.» Physiology and Behavior 129 (2014): 130–34.

Het, Serkan, Daniela Schoofs, Nicolas Rohleder, and Oliver T. Wolf. «Stress-Induced Cortisol Level Elevations Are Associated with Reduced Negative Affect After Stress: Indications for a Mood-Buffering Cortisol Effect.» Psychosomatic Medicine 74, no. 1 (2012): 23–32. Walsh, Kate, Nicole R. Nugent, Amelia Kotte, Ananda B. Amstadter, Sheila Wang, Constance Guille, Ron Acierno, Dean G. Kilpatrick, and Heidi S. Resnick. «Cortisol at the Emergency Room Rape Visit as a Predictor of PTSD and Depression Symptoms Over Time.» Psychoneuroendocrinology 38, no. 11 (2013): 2520–28.

Pierrehumbert, Blaise, Raffaella Torrisi, Daniel Laufer, Oliver Halfon, Francois Ansermet, and M. Beck Popovic. «Oxytocin Response to an Experimental Psychosocial Challenge in Adults Exposed to Traumatic Experiences During Childhood or Adolescence.» Neuroscience 166, no. 1 (2010): 168–77.

Belsky, Jay, and Michael Pluess. «Beyond Diathesis Stress: Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences.» Psychological Bulletin 135, no. 6 (2009): 885–908. Pluess, Michael, and Jay Belsky. «Vantage Sensitivity: Individual Differences in Response to Positive Experiences.» Psychological Bulletin 139, no. 4 (2013): 901–16.

Del Giudice, Marco, J. Benjamin Hinnant, Bruce J. Ellis, and Mona El-Sheikh. «Adaptive Patterns of Stress Responsivity: A Preliminary Investigation.» Developmental Psychology 48, no. 3 (2012): 775–90. Del Giudice, Marco. «Early Stress and Human Behavioral Development: Emerging Evolutionary Perspectives.» Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 5, no. 5 (2014): 270–80.

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Baumeister, Roy F., Kathleen D. Vohs, Jennifer L. Aaker, and Emily N. Garbinsky. «Some Key Differences Between a Happy Life and a Meaningful Life.» Journal of Positive Psychology 8, no. 6 (2013): 505–16.

Kalms Annual Stress Report («Ежегодный доклад о стрессе), исследование, в котором принимали участие 2000 британских мужчин и женщин. Данные опубликованы 4 ноября 2013 г.

Crompton, Susan. «What's Stressing the Stressed? Main Sources of Stress Among Workers.» Canadian Social Trends Component of Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11–008-X. В опросе участвовали 1750 взрослых в возрасте от 20 до 64 лет. Данные опубликованы 13 октября 2011 г.

Данные, связанные с воспитанием детей, получены из опроса 131 159 взрослых американцев, проведенного со 2 января по 25 сентября 2014 г. и представлявшего собой часть программы Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index (изучения «индекса благополучия»). См.: http://www.gallup.com/poll/178631/adults-children-home-greater-joy-stress.aspx. Данные по предпринимателям собраны в результате опроса 273 175 взрослых американцев, проведенного со 2 января 2011 по 30 сентября 2012 г. См.: http://www.gallup.com/poll/159131/entrepreneurship-comes-stress-optimism.aspx.

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Hill, Patrick L., and Nicholas A. Turiano. «Purpose in Life as a Predictor of Mortality Across Adulthood.» Psychological Science, no. 25 (2014): 1482–86. See also Boyle, Patricia A., Lisa L. Barnes, Aron S. Buchman, and David A. Bennett. «Purpose in Life Is Associated with Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons.» Psychosomatic Medicine 71, no. 5 (2009): 574–79. Krause, Neal. «Meaning in Life and Mortality.» Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 64, no. 4 (2009): 517–27.

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Hazel, Nicholas A., and Benjamin L. Hankin. «A Trait-State-Error Model of Adult Hassles over Two Years: Magnitude, Sources, and Predictors of Stress Continuity.» Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 33, no. 2 (2014): 103–23.

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Sherman, David K., Kimberly A. Hartson, Kevin R. Binning, Valerie Purdie-Vaughns, Julio Garcia, Suzanne Taborsky-Barba, Sarah Tomassetti, A. David Nussbaum, and Geoffrey L. Cohen. «Deflecting the Trajectory and Changing the Narrative: How Self-Affirmation Affects Academic Performance and Motivation Under Identity Threat.» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 104, no. 4 (2013): 591–618. Siegel, Phyllis A., Joanne Scillitoe, and Rochelle Parks-Yancy. «Reducing the Tendency to Self-Handicap: The Effect of Self-Affirmation.» Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 41, no. 6 (2005): 589–97.

Fotuhi, Omid. «Implicit Processes in Smoking Interventions.» Тезисы для докторской диссертации. Walton, Gregory M., Christine Logel, Jennifer M. Peach, Steven J. Spencer, and Mark P. Zanna. «Two Brief Interventions to mitigate a 'Chilly Climate' Transform Women's Experience, Relationships, and Achievement in Engineering.» Journal of Educational Psychology (2014).

Цитата из интервью, приведенного в: Beckman, Howard B., Melissa Wendland, Christopher Mooney, Michael S. Krasner, Timothy E. Quill, Anthony L. Suchman, and Ronald M. Epstein. «The Impact of a Program in Mindful Communication on Primary Care Physicians.» Academic Medicine 87, no. 6 (2012): 815–19.

Elliot, Andrew J., Constantine Sedikides, Kou Murayama, Ayumi Tanaka, Todd M. Thrash, and Rachel R. Mapes. «Cross-Cultural Generality and Specificity in Self-Regulation: Avoidance of Personal Goals and Multiple Aspects of Well-Being in the United States and Japan.» Emotion 12, no. 5 (2012): 1031–40.

Там же.

Oertig, Daniela, Julia Schüler, Jessica Schnelle, Veronika Brandstätter, Marieke Roskes, and Andrew J. Elliot. «Avoidance of Goal Pursuit Depletes Self-Regulatory Resources.» Journal of Personality 81, no. 4 (2013): 365–75.

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Maddi, Salvatore R. «On Hardiness and Other Pathways to Resilience.» American Psychologist 60, no. 3 (2005): 261–62. Maddi, Salvatore R. «The Courage and Strategies of Hardiness as Helpful in Growing Despite Major, Disruptive Stresses.» American Psychologist 63, no. 6 (2008): 563–64. Kobasa, Suzanne C., Salvatore R. Maddi, and Stephen Kahn. «Hardiness and Health: A Prospective Study.» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42, no. 1 (1982): 168–77.

Цитата приведена в: Drexer, Madeline. «Life After Death: Helping Former Child Soldiers Become Whole Again.» Harvard Public Health Review, Fall 2011: 18–25.

Там же. Betancourt, Theresa S., Stephanie Simmons, Ivelina Borisova, Stephanie E. Brewer, Uzo Iweala, and Marie de la Soudiиre. «High Hopes, Grim Reality: Reintegration and the Education of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone.» Comparative Education Review 52, no. 4 (2008): 565–87. Betancourt, Theresa S., Robert T. Brennan, Julia Rubin-Smith, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, and Stephen E. Gilman. «Sierra Leone's Former Child Soldiers: A Longitudinal Study of Risk, Protective Factors, and Mental Health.» Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 49, no. 6 (2010): 606–15. Betancourt, Theresa Stichick, Sarah Meyers-Ohki, Sara N. Stulac, Amy Elizabeth Barrera, Christina Mushashi, and William R. Beardslee. "Nothing Can Defeat Combined Hands (Abashize hamwe ntakibananira): Protective Processes and Resilience in Rwandan Children and Families Affected by HIV/AIDS." Social Science and Medicine 73, no. 5 (2011): 693–701.

Brooks, Alison Wood. «Get Excited: Reappraising Pre-Performance Anxiety as Excitement.» Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 143, no. 3 (2014): 1144–58.

Dienstbier, Richard A. «Arousal and Physiological Toughness: Implications for Mental and Physical Health.» Psychological Review 96, no. 1 (1989): 84–100.

Morgan, Charles A., Sheila Wang, Ann Rasmusson, Gary Hazlett, George Anderson, and Dennis S. Charney. «Relationship Among Plasma Cortisol, Catecholamines, Neuropeptide Y, and Human Performance During Exposure to Uncontrollable Stress.» Psychosomatic Medicine 63, no. 3 (2001): 412–22.

Meyerhoff, James L., William Norris, George A. Saviolakis, Terry Wollert, Bob Burge, Valerie Atkins, and Charles Spielberger. «Evaluating Performance of Law Enforcement Personnel During a Stressful Training Scenario.» Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1032, no. 1 (2004): 250–53.

Jamieson, Jeremy P., Wendy Berry Mendes, Erin Blackstock, and Toni Schmader. «Turning the Knots in Your Stomach into Bows: Reappraising Arousal Improves Performance on the GRE.» Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46, no. 1 (2010): 208–12.

Strack, Juliane, and Francisco Esteves. «Exams? Why Worry? The Relationship Between Interpreting Anxiety as Facilitative, Stress Appraisals, Emotional Exhaustion, and Academic Performance.» Anxiety, Stress, and Coping: An International Journal (2014): 1–10. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2014.931942.

Strack, Juliane, Paulo N. Lopes, and Francisco Esteves. «Will You Thrive Under Pressure or Burn Out? Linking Anxiety Motivation and Emotional Exhaustion.» Cognition and Emotion. Электронная публикация June 3, 2014: 1–14. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2014.922934.

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Adelson, Rachel. «Nervous About Numbers: Brain Patterns Reflect Math Anxiety.» Association for Psychological Science Observer 27, no. 7 (2014): 35–37.

102

McKay, Brad, Rebecca Lewthwaite, and Gabriele Wulf. «Enhanced Expectancies Improve Performance Under Pressure.» Frontiers in Psychology 3 (2012): 1–5.

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Информация по воздействию на менталитет в Общественном колледже Куйяхоги получена из интервью и личных бесед с Аароном Альтозе и Джереми Джеймисоном. Более подробно о программе «Достижение мечты» см.: http://achievingthedream.org. Об Образовательном фонде Карнеги и Alpha Lab Research Network см.: http://commons.carnegiefoundation.org.

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Yancura, Loriena A., Carolyn M. Aldwin, Michael R. Levenson, and Avron Spiro. «Coping, Affect, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men: How Does Coping Get Under the Skin?» Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 61, no. 5 (2006): P295 – P303.

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Jefferson, Angela L., Jayandra J. Himali, Alexa S. Beiser, Rhoda Au, Joseph M. Massaro, Sudha Seshadri, Philimon Gona, et al. «Cardiac Index Is Associated with Brain Aging: The Framingham Heart Study.» Circulation 122, no. 7 (2010): 690–97.

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De Wit, Frank R. C., Karen A. Jehn, and Daan Scheepers. «Negotiating Within Groups: A Psychophysiological Approach.» Research on Managing Groups and Teams 14 (2011): 207–38.

107

Seery, Mark D., Max Weisbuch, Maria A. Hetenyi, and Jim Blascovich. «Cardiovascular Measures Independently Predict Performance in a University Course.» Psychophysiology 47, no. 3 (2010): 535–39. Turner, Martin J., Marc V. Jones, David Sheffield, and Sophie L. Cross. «Cardiovascular Indices of Challenge and Threat States Predict Competitive Performance.» International Journal of Psychophysiology 86, no. 1 (2012): 48–57.

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Vine, Samuel J., Paul Freeman, Lee J. Moore, Roy Chandra-Ramanan, and Mark R. Wilson. «Evaluating Stress as a Challenge Is Associated with Superior Attentional Control and Motor Skill Performance: Testing the Predictions of the Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat.» Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 19, no. 3 (2013): 185–94.

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Vine, Samuel J., Liis Uiga, Aureliu Lavric, Lee J. Moore, Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova, and Mark R. Wilson. «Individual Reactions to Stress Predict Performance During a Critical Aviation Incident.» Anxiety, Stress, and Coping. (2014): 1–22.

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Van Wingen, Guido A., Elbert Geuze, Eric Vermetten, and Guillйn Fernбndez. «Perceived Threat Predicts the Neural Sequelae of Combat Stress.» Molecular Psychiatry 16, no. 6 (2011): 664–71.

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Shnabel, Nurit, Valerie Purdie-Vaughns, Jonathan E. Cook, Julio Garcia, and Geoffrey L. Cohen. «Demystifying Values-Affirmation Interventions: Writing About Social Belonging Is a Key to Buffering Against Identity Threat.» Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 39, no. 5 (2013): 663–76. Cooper, Denise C., Julian F. Thayer, and Shari R. Waldstein. «Coping with Racism: The Impact of Prayer on Cardiovascular Reactivity and Post-Stress Recovery in African American Women.» Annals of Behavioral Medicine 47, no. 2 (2014): 218–30. Krause, Neal. «The Perceived Prayers of Others, Stress, and Change in Depressive Symptoms over Time.» Review of Religious Research 53, no. 3 (2011): 341–56.

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Allen, Andrew P., Paul J. Kennedy, John F. Cryan, Timothy G. Dinan, and Gerard Clarke. «Biological and Psychological Markers of Stress in Humans: Focus on the Trier Social Stress Test.» Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 38 (2014): 94–124.

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Lyons, Ian M., and Sian L. Beilock. «When Math Hurts: Math Anxiety Predicts Pain Network Activation in Anticipation of Doing Math.» PLOS ONE 7, no. 10 (2012): e48076. See also Maloney, Erin A., Marjorie W. Schaeffer, and Sian L. Beilock. «Mathematics Anxiety and Stereotype Threat: Shared Mechanisms, Negative Consequences and Promising Interventions.» Research in Mathematics Education 15, no. 2 (2013): 115–28.

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Jamieson, Jeremy P., Matthew K. Nock, and Wendy Berry Mendes. «Mind over Matter: Reappraising Arousal Improves Cardiovascular and Cognitive Responses to Stress.» Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 141, no. 3 (2012): 417–22. См. также: Jamieson, Jeremy P., Matthew K. Nock, and Wendy Berry Mendes. «Changing the Conceptualization of Stress in Social Anxiety Disorder Affective and Physiological Consequences.» Clinical Psychological Science 1, no. 4 (2013): 363–74.

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Beltzer, Miranda L., Matthew K. Nock, Brett J. Peters, and Jeremy P. Jamieson. «Rethinking Butterflies: The Affective, Physiological, and Performance Effects of Reappraising Arousal During Social Evaluation.» Emotion 14, no. 4 (2014): 761–68.

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Mauss, Iris, Frank Wilhelm, and James Gross. «Is There Less to Social Anxiety Than Meets the Eye? Emotion Experience, Expression, and Bodily Responding.» Cognition and Emotion 18, no. 5 (2004): 631–42. См. также: Anderson, Emily R., and Debra A. Hope. «The Relationship Among Social Phobia, Objective and Perceived Physiological Reactivity, and Anxiety Sensitivity in an Adolescent Population.» Journal of Anxiety Disorders 23, no. 1 (2009): 18–26.

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Личное интервью взято у Сью Коттер 4 декабря 2014 г.

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Benight, Charles C., and Albert Bandura. «Social Cognitive Theory of Posttraumatic Recovery: The Role of Perceived Self-Efficacy.» Behaviour Research and Therapy 42, no. 10 (2004): 1129–48.

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Taylor, Shelley E., Laura Cousino Klein, Brian P. Lewis, Tara L. Gruenewald, Regan A. R. Gurung, and John A. Updegraff. «Biobehavioral Responses to Stress in Females: Tend-and-Befriend, Not Fight-or-Flight.» Psychological Review 107, no. 3 (2000): 411–29. Taylor, Shelley E., and Sarah L. Master. «Social Responses to Stress: The Tend-and-Befriend Model.» In The Handbook of Stress Science: Biology, Psychology, and Health, edited by Richard Contrada and Andrew Baum, 101–9. New York: Spinger, 2011.

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Geary, David C., and Mark V. Flinn. «Sex Differences in Behavioral and Hormonal Response to Social Threat: Commentary on Taylor et al. (2000).» Psychological Review 104, no. 4 (2002): 745–50. Buchanan, Tony W., and Stephanie D. Preston. «Stress Leads to Prosocial Action in Immediate Need Situations.» Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 8, no. 5 (2014): 1–6. Koranyi, Nicolas, and Klaus Rothermund. «Automatic Coping Mechanisms in Committed Relationships: Increased Interpersonal Trust as a Response to Stress.» Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 48, no. 1 (2012): 180–85.

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Keltner, Dacher, Aleksandr Kogan, Paul K. Piff, and Sarina R. Saturn. «The Sociocultural Appraisals, Values, and Emotions (SAVE) Framework of Prosociality: Core Processes from Gene to Meme.» Annual Review of Psychology 65 (2014): 425–60.

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Inagaki, Tristen K., and Naomi I. Eisenberger. «Neural Correlates of Giving Support to a Loved One.» Psychosomatic Medicine 74, no. 1 (2012): 3–7.

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Strazdins, Lyndall, Amy L. Griffin, Dorothy H. Broom, Cathy Banwell, Rosemary Korda, Jane Dixon, Francesco Paolucci, and John Glover. «Time Scarcity: Another Health Inequality?» Environment and Planning, Part A 43, no. 3 (2011): 545–59.

124

Mogilner, Cassie, Zoё Chance, and Michael I. Norton. «Giving Time Gives You Time.» Psychological Science 23, no. 10 (2012): 1233–38.

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Aknin, Lara B., Elizabeth W. Dunn, and Michael I. Norton. «Happiness Runs in a Circular Motion: Evidence for a Positive Feedback Loop Between Prosocial Spending and Happiness.» Journal of Happiness Studies 13, no. 2 (2012): 347–55.

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Harbaugh, William T., Ulrich Mayr, and Daniel R. Burghart. «Neural Responses to Taxation and Voluntary Giving Reveal Motives for Charitable Donations.» Science 316, no. 5831 (2007): 1622–25.

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Личное интервью с Дженнифер Крокер 29 апреля 2014 г.

128

Nuer, Lara. «Learning as Leadership: A Methodology for Organizational Change Through Personal Mastery.» Performance Improvement 38, no. 10 (1999): 9–13.

129

Crocker, Jennifer, Marc-Andre Olivier, and Noah Nuer. «Self-Image Goals and Compassionate Goals: Costs and Benefits.» Self and Identity 8, no. 2–3 (2009): 251–69. Crocker, Jennifer. «The Paradoxical Consequences of Interpersonal Goals: Relationships, Distress, and the Self.» Psychological Studies 56, no. 1 (2011): 142–50. Crocker, Jennifer, Amy Canevello, and M. Liu. «Five Consequences of Self-Image and Compassionate Goals.» Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 45 (2012): 229–77.

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Abelson, James L., Thane M. Erickson, Stefanie E. Mayer, Jennifer Crocker, Hedieh Briggs, Nestor L. Lopez-Duran, and Israel Liberzon. «Brief Cognitive Intervention Can Modulate Neuroendocrine Stress Responses to the Trier Social Stress Test: Buffering Effects of a Compassionate Goal Orientation.» Psychoneuroendocrinology 44 (2014): 60–70.

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Yeager, David S., Marlone Henderson, David Paunesku, Gregory M. Walton, Sidney D'Mello, Brian J. Spitzer, and Angela Lee Duckworth. «Boring but Important: A Self-Transcendent Purpose for Learning Fosters Academic Self-Regulation.» Regulation (2014).

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Jack, Anthony I., Richard E. Boyatzis, Masud S. Khawaja, Angela M. Passarelli, and Regina L. Leckie. «Visioning in the Brain: An fMRI Study of Inspirational Coaching and Mentoring.» Social Neuroscience 8, no. 4 (2013): 369–84.

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Hernandez, Morela, Megan F. Hess, and Jared D. Harris. «Leaning into the Wind: Hardship, Stakeholder Relationships, and Organizational Resilience.» In Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 2013, no. 1, 16640. Academy of Management, 2013.

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Frazier, Patricia, Christiaan Greer, Susanne Gabrielsen, Howard Tennen, Crystal Park, and Patricia Tomich. «The Relation Between Trauma Exposure and Prosocial Behavior.» Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 5, no. 3 (2013): 286–94.

135

Staub, Ervin, and Johanna Vollhardt. «Altruism Born of Suffering: The Roots of Caring and Helping After Victimization and Other Trauma.» American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 78, no. 3 (2008): 267–80.

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Vollhardt, Johanna R., and Ervin Staub. «Inclusive Altruism Born of Suffering: The Relationship Between Adversity and Prosocial Attitudes and Behavior Toward Disadvantaged Outgroups.» American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 81, no. 3 (2011): 307–15.

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Taylor, Peter James, Patricia Gooding, Alex M. Wood, and Nicholas Tarrier. «The Role of Defeat and Entrapment in Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide.» Psychological Bulletin 137, no. 3 (2011): 391–420.

138

Steffen, Seana Lowe, and Alice Fothergill. «9/11 Volunteerism: A Pathway to Personal Healing and Community Engagement.» Social Science Journal 46, no. 1 (2009): 29–46.

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Cristea, Ioana A., Emanuele Legge, Marta Prosperi, Mario Guazzelli, Daniel David, and Claudio Gentili. «Moderating Effects of Empathic Concern and Personal Distress on the Emotional Reactions of Disaster Volunteers.» Disasters 38, no. 4 (2014): 740–52.

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Brown, Stephanie L., R. Michael Brown, James S. House, and Dylan M. Smith. «Coping with Spousal Loss: Potential Buffering Effects of Self-Reported Helping Behavior.» Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34, no. 6 (2008): 849–61.

141

Doran, Jennifer M., Ani Kalayjian, Loren Toussaint, and Diana Maria Mendez. «Posttraumatic Stress and Meaning Making in Mexico City.» Psychology and Developing Societies 26, no. 1 (2014): 91–114.

142

Arnstein, Paul, Michelle Vidal, Carol Wells-Federman, Betty Morgan, and Margaret Caudill. «From Chronic Pain Patient to Peer: Benefits and Risks of Volunteering.» Pain Management Nursing 3, no. 3 (2002): 94–103.

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Kleinman, Stuart B. «A Terrorist Hijacking: Victims' Experiences Initially and 9 Years Later.» Journal of Traumatic Stress 2, no. 1 (1989): 49–58.

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Sullivan, Gwynn B., and Martin J. Sullivan. «Promoting Wellness in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Exploring the Role of Altruism.» Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 11, no. 3 (1997): 43–52.

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Poulin, Michael J., and E. Alison Holman. «Helping Hands, Healthy Body? Oxytocin Receptor Gene and Prosocial Behavior Interact to Buffer the Association Between Stress and Physical Health.» Hormones and Behavior 63, no. 3 (2013): 510–17.

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Poulin, Michael J., Stephanie L. Brown, Amanda J. Dillard, and Dylan M. Smith. «Giving to Others and the Association Between Stress and Mortality.» American Journal of Public Health 103, no. 9 (2013): 1649–55.

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Poulin, Michael J., and E. Alison Holman. «Helping Hands, Healthy Body? Oxytocin Receptor Gene and Prosocial Behavior Interact to Buffer the Association between Stress and Physical Health.» Hormones and Behavior 63, no. 3 (2013): 510–17.

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Слова участников EMS Corps и директора Департамента здравоохранения округа Аламеда Алекса Брискоу взяты из следующих видеоматериалов: Emergency Medical Services Corps (EMS Corps): «Providing an Opportunity for Young Men to Become Competent and Successful Health Care Providers» (http://www.rwjf.org/en/about-rwjf/newsroom/newsroom-content/2014/01/ems-corps-video.html) и «EMS Corps Students Reflect on Heart 2 Heart Door-to-Door Blood Pressure Screening Event» (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= gSkwqLqP2tE).

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Schreier, Hannah M. C., Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl, and Edith Chen. «Effect of Volunteering on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.» JAMA Pediatrics 167, no. 4 (2013): 327–32.

150

Yount, Rick, Elspeth Cameron Ritchie, Matthew St. Laurent, Perry Chumley, and Meg Daley Olmert. «The Role of Service Dog Training in the Treatment of Combat-Related PTSD.» Psychiatric Annals 43, no. 6 (2013): 292–95.

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Прямая цитата из рассказа заключенного, заботившегося об умирающем товарище. Взято из: Loeb, Susan J., Christopher S. Hollenbeak, Janice Penrod, Carol A. Smith, Erin Kitt-Lewis, and Sarah B. Crouse. «Care and Companionship in an Isolating Environment: Inmates Attending to Dying Peers.» Journal of Forensic Nursing 9, no. 1 (2013): 35–44. Цитата на с. 39.

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Там же. См. также: Wright, Kevin N., and Laura Bronstein. «An Organizational Analysis of Prison Hospice.» Prison Journal 87, no. 4 (2007): 391–407.

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Cloyes, Kristin G., Susan J. Rosenkranz, Dawn Wold, Patricia H. Berry, and Katherine P. Supiano. «To Be Truly Alive: Motivation Among Prison Inmate Hospice Volunteers and the Transformative Process of End-of-Life Peer Care Service.» American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine (2013): 1–14.

154

Там же.

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Взято из опросника Кристин Нефф Self-Compassion Scale. Neff, Kristin D. «The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion.» Self and Identity 2, no. 3 (2003): 223–50.

156

Allen, Ashley Batts, and Mark R. Leary. «Self-Compassion, Stress, and Coping.» Social and Personality Psychology Compass 4, no. 2 (2010): 107–118. Neff, Kristin D. «The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion.» Self and Identity 2, no. 3 (2003): 223–50.

157

Gilbert, Paul, Kristen McEwan, Francisco Catarino, and Rita Baiгo. «Fears of Compassion in a Depressed Population Implication for Psychotherapy.» Journal of Depression and Anxiety S 2 (2014): doi: 10.4172/2167–1044. S2–003. Jazaieri, Hooria, Geshe Thupten Jinpa, Kelly McGonigal, Erika L. Rosenberg, Joel Finkelstein, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Margaret Cullen, James R. Doty, James J. Gross, and Philippe R. Goldin. «Enhancing Compassion: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Compassion Cultivation Training Program.» Journal of Happiness Studies 14, no. 4 (2013): 1113–26.

158

Barnard, Laura K., and John F. Curry. «The Relationship of Clergy Burnout to Self-Compassion and Other Personality Dimensions.» Pastoral Psychology 61, no. 2 (2012): 149–63. Raab, Kelley. «Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Empathy Among Health Care Professionals: A Review of the Literature.» Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy 20, no. 3 (2014): 95–108. Abaci, Ramazan, and Devrim Arda. «Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Job Satisfaction in White Collar Workers.» Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 106 (2013): 2241–47.

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Jordan, Alexander H., Benoit Monin, Carol S. Dweck, Benjamin J. Lovett, Oliver P. John, and James J. Gross. «Misery Has More Company Than People Think: Underestimating the Prevalence of Others' Negative Emotions.» Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 1 (2011): 120–35.

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Orsillo, Susan M., and Lizabeth Roemer. The Mindful Way through Anxiety: Break Free from Chronic Worry and Reclaim Your Life 161, Guilford Press, 2011.

161

McGonigal, Kelly. «The Mindful Way to Self-Compassion.» Shambala Sun (July 2011): 77.

162

Fay, Adam J., Alexander H. Jordan, and Joyce Ehrlinger. «How Social Norms Promote Misleading Social Feedback and Inaccurate Self-Assessment.» Social and Personality Psychology Compass 6, no. 2 (2012): 206–16.

163

Burke, Moira, Cameron Marlow, and Thomas Lento. «Social Network Activity and Social Well-Being.» In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1909–12. Association for Computing Machinery, 2010. Lou, Lai Lei, Zheng Yan, Amanda Nickerson, and Robert McMorris. «An Examination of the Reciprocal Relationship of Loneliness and Facebook Use Among First-Year College Students.» Journal of Educational Computing Research 46, no. 1 (2012): 105–117. Krasnova, Hanna, Helena Wenninger, Thomas Widjaja, and Peter Buxmann. «Envy on Facebook: A Hidden Threat to Users' Life Satisfaction?» (2013).

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Информацию о «Встречах за ужином» можно найти на http://thedinnerparty.org/. Личное интервью с Леннон Флауэрс проведено 18 августа 2014 г.

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Garcia, Julie A., and Jennifer Crocker. «Reasons for Disclosing Depression Matter: The Consequences of Having Egosystem and Ecosystem Goals.» Social Science and Medicine 67, no. 3 (2008): 453–62. Newheiser, Anna-Kaisa, and Manuela Barreto. «Hidden Costs of Hiding Stigma: Ironic Interpersonal Consequences of Concealing a Stigmatized Identity in Social Interactions.» Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 52 (2014): 58–70.

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Больше информации вы можете получить на http://www.trinityinspires.org/sole-train/. Личное интервью с Джессикой Лефлер проведено 21 марта 2014 г.

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Martha Ross, «Stress: It's Contagious», San Jose Mercury News, July 27, 2014, D1 – D3.

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Buchanan, Tony W., Sara L. Bagley, R. Brent Stansfield, and Stephanie D. Preston. «The Empathic, Physiological Resonance of Stress.» Social Neuroscience 7, no. 2 (2012): 191–201.

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Aldwin, Carolyn M., Karen J. Sutton, and Margie Lachman. «The Development of Coping Resources in Adulthood.» Journal of Personality 64, no. 4 (1996): 837–71.

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Seery, Mark D., E. Alison Holman, and Roxane Cohen Silver. «Whatever Does Not Kill Us: Cumulative Lifetime Adversity, Vulnerability, and Resilience.» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 99, no. 6 (2010): 1025–41. Seery, Mark D. «Resilience a Silver Lining to Experiencing Adverse Life Events?» Current Directions in Psychological Science 20, no. 6 (2011): 390–94. Seery, Mark D., Raphael J. Leo, Shannon P. Lupien, Cheryl L. Kondrak, and Jessica L. Almonte. «An Upside to Adversity? Moderate Cumulative Lifetime Adversity Is Associated with Resilient Responses in the Face of Controlled Stressors.» Psychological Science 24, no. 7 (2013): 1181–89. Все цитаты, а также некоторые подробности экспериментов и интерпретация результатов взяты мной из личной беседы с Марком Сири 9 июля 2014 г.

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Seery, Mark D., Raphael J. Leo, E. Alison Holman, and Roxane Cohen Silver. «Lifetime Exposure to Adversity Predicts Functional Impairment and Healthcare Utilization Among Individuals with Chronic Back Pain.» Pain 150, no. 3 (2010): 507–15.

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Burke, Karena J., and Jane Shakespeare-Finch. «Markers of Resilience in New Police Officers Appraisal of Potentially Traumatizing Events.» Traumatology 17, no. 4 (2011): 52–60. «…Тринадцать молодых людей, только что поступившие в колледжи». Более подробно о ScholarMatch можно узнать на scholarmatch.org.

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Yeager, David Scott, Valerie Purdie-Vaughns, Julio Garcia, Nancy Apfel, Patti Brzustoski, Allison Master, William T. Hessert, Matthew E. Williams, and Geoffrey L. Cohen. «Breaking the Cycle of Mistrust: Wise Interventions to Provide Critical Feedback Across The Racial Divide.» Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 143, no. 2 (2014): 804–24.

174

Chen, Edith, and Gregory E. Miller. «Shift-and-Persist Strategies: Why Low Socioeconomic Status Isn't Always Bad for Health.» Perspectives on Psychological Science 7, no. 2 (2012): 135–158.

175

Tedeschi, Richard G., and Lawrence G. Calhoun. «Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence.» Psychological Inquiry 15, no. 1 (2004): 1–18. Примеры случаев посттравматического роста из: Tedeschi, Richard G., and Lawrence G. Calhoun. «The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the Positive Legacy of Trauma.» Journal of Traumatic Stress 9, no. 3 (1996): 455–71.

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Laufer, Avital, and Zahava Solomon. «Posttraumatic Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth Among Israeli Youth Exposed to Terror Incidents.» Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 25, no. 4 (2006): 429–47. Siegel, Karolynn, and Eric W. Schrimshaw. «Perceiving Benefits in Adversity: Stress-Related Growth in Women Living with HIV/AIDS.» Social Science and Medicine 51, no. 10 (2000): 1543–54. Shakespeare-Finch, Jane E., S. G. Smith, Kathryn M. Gow, Gary Embelton, and L. Baird. «The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Growth in Emergency Ambulance Personnel.» Traumatology 9, no. 1 (2003): 58–71.

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Cho, Dalnim, and Crystal L. Park. «Growth Following Trauma: Overview and Current Status.» Terapia Psicologica 31, no. 1 (2013): 69–79.

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Baker, Jennifer M., Caroline Kelly, Lawrence G. Calhoun, Arnie Cann, and Richard G. Tedeschi. «An Examination of Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Depreciation: Two Exploratory Studies.» Journal of Loss and Trauma 13, no. 5 (2008): 450–65. Tsai, J., R. El-Gabalawy, W. H. Sledge, S. M. Southwick, and R. H. Pietrzak. «Post-Traumatic Growth Among Veterans in the USA: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.» Psychological Medicine: 1–15.

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Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, and Janine Lurie-Beck. «A Meta-Analytic Clarification of the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Growth and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Distress Disorder.» Journal of Anxiety Disorders 28, no. 2 (2014): 223–29.

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Kehl, Doris, Daniela Knuth, Marketa Holubova, Lynn Hulse, and Silke Schmidt. «Relationships Between Firefighters' Postevent Distress and Growth at Different Times After Distressing Incidents.» Traumatology 20, no. 4 (2014): 253–61. Lowe, Sarah R., Emily E. Manove, and Jean E. Rhodes. «Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth Among Low-Income Mothers Who Survived Hurricane Katrina.» Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 81, no. 5 (2013): 877–89.

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Информация о проекте Дженнифер Уайт Hope After и о том, как можно к нему присоединиться, а также история ее собственной жизни, размещены на сайте http://www.hopeafterproject.com. Личная беседа с Уайт состоялась 12 декабря 2014 г.

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Affleck, Glenn, Howard Tennen, Sydney Croog, and Sol Levine. «Causal Attribution, Perceived Benefits, and Morbidity After a Heart Attack: An 8-Year Study.» Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55, no. 1 (1987): 29–35.

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Ickovics, Jeannette R., Stephanie Milan, Robert Boland, Ellie Schoenbaum, Paula Schuman, David Vlahov, and HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) Group. «Psychological Resources Protect Health: 5-Year Survival and Immune Function Among HIV–Infected Women from Four U. S. Cities.» AIDS 20, no. 14 (2006): 1851–60.

184

Danoff-Burg, Sharon, and Tracey A. Revenson. «Benefit-Finding Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Positive Effects on Interpersonal Relationships.» Journal of Behavioral Medicine 28, no. 1 (2005): 91–103.

185

Mavandadi, Shahrzad, Roseanne Dobkin, Eugenia Mamikonyan, Steven Sayers, Thomas Ten Have, and Daniel Weintraub. «Benefit Finding and Relationship Quality in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Dyadic Analysis of Husbands and Wives.» Journal of Family Psychology 28, no. 5 (2014): 728–34.

186

Tran, Vincent, Deborah J. Wiebe, Katherine T. Fortenberry, Jorie M. Butler, and Cynthia A. Berg. «Benefit Finding, Affective Reactions to Diabetes Stress, and Diabetes Management Among Early Adolescents.» Health Psychology 30, no. 2 (2011): 212–19.

187

Wood, Michael D., Thomas W. Britt, Jeffrey L. Thomas, Robert P. Klocko, and Paul D. Bliese. «Buffering Effects of Benefit Finding in a War Environment.» Military Psychology 23, no. 2 (2011): 202–19.

188

Pakenham, Kenneth I., Kate Sofronoff, and Christina Samios. «Finding Meaning in Parenting a Child with Asperger Syndrome: Correlates of Sense Making and Benefit Finding.» Research in Developmental Disabilities 25, no. 3 (2004): 245–64.

189

Bower, Julienne E., Carissa A. Low, Judith Tedlie Moskowitz, Saviz Sepah, and Elissa Epel. «Benefit Finding and Physical Health: Positive Psychological Changes and Enhanced Allostasis.» Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2, no. 1 (2008): 223–44. Bower, Julienne E., Judith Tedlie Moskowitz, and Elissa Epel. «Is Benefit Finding Good for Your Health? Pathways Linking Positive Life Changes After Stress and Physical Health Outcomes.» Current Directions in Psychological Science 18, no. 6 (2009): 337–41.

190

Butler, Lisa D. «Growing Pains: Commentary on the Field Of Posttraumatic Growth and Hobfoll and Colleagues' Recent Contributions to It.» Applied Psychology 56, no. 3 (2007): 367–78.

191

Cheng, Cecilia, Waiman Wong, and Kenneth W. Tsang. «Perception of Benefits and Costs During SARS Outbreak: An 18-Month Prospective Study.» Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74, no. 5 (2006): 870–79.

192

McCullough, Michael E., Lindsey M. Root, and Adam D. Cohen. «Writing About the Benefits of an Interpersonal Transgression Facilitates Forgiveness.» Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74, no. 5 (2006): 887–97.

193

Van Oyen Witvliet, Charlotte, Ross W. Knoll, Nova G. Hinman, and Paul A. DeYoung. «Compassion-Focused Reappraisal, Benefit-Focused Reappraisal, and Rumination After an Interpersonal Offense: Emotion-Regulation Implications for Subjective Emotion, Linguistic Responses, and Physiology.» Journal of Positive Psychology 5, no. 3 (2010): 226–42.

194

Rabe, Sirko, Tanja Zöllner, Andreas Maercker, and Anke Karl. «Neural Correlates of Posttraumatic Growth After Severe Motor Vehicle Accidents.» Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74, no. 5 (2006): 880–86.

195

Danoff-Burg, Sharon, John D. Agee, Norman R. Romanoff, Joel M. Kremer, and James M. Strosberg. «Benefit Finding and Expressive Writing in Adults with Lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis.» Psychology and Health 21, no. 5 (2006): 651–65.

196

Stanton, Annette L., Sharon Danoff-Burg, Lisa A. Sworowski, Charlotte A. Collins, Ann D. Branstetter, Alicia Rodriguez-Hanley, Sarah B. Kirk, and Jennifer L. Austenfeld. «Randomized, Controlled Trial of Written Emotional Expression and Benefit Finding in Breast Cancer Patients.» Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 20 (2002): 4160–68.

197

Cheng, Sheung-Tak, Rosanna W. L. Lau, Emily P. M. Mak, Natalie S. S. Ng, and Linda C. W. Lam. «Benefit-Finding Intervention for Alzheimer Caregivers: Conceptual Framework, Implementation Issues, and Preliminary Efficacy.» Gerontologist 54, no. 6 (2014): 1049–58.

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199

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Arnold, Debora, Lawrence G. Calhoun, Richard Tedeschi, and Arnie Cann. «Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth in Psychotherapy.» Journal of Humanistic Psychology 45, no. 2 (2005): 239–63. Barrington, Allysa, and Jane E. Shakespeare-Finch. «Giving Voice to Service Providers Who Work with Survivors of Torture and Trauma.» Qualitative Health Research 24, no. 12 (2014). 1686–99. Hernandez, Pilar, David Gangsei, and David Engstrom. «Vicarious Resilience: A New Concept in Work With Those Who Survive Trauma.» Family Process 46, no. 2 (2007): 229–41. Acevedo, Victoria Eugenia, and Pilar Hernandez-Wolfe. «Vicarious Resilience: An Exploration of Teachers and Children's Resilience in Highly Challenging Social Contexts.» Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, and Trauma 23, no. 5 (2014): 473–93. Inocencio Soares, Nataly Tsumura, and Mauren Teresa Grubisich Mendes Tacla. «Experience of Nursing Staff Facing the Hospitalization of Burned Children.» Investigacion y Educacion en Enfermeria 32, no. 1 (2014): 49–59.

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Shochet, Ian M., Jane Shakespeare-Finch, Cameron Craig, Colette Roos, Astrid Wurfl, Rebecca Hoge, Ross McD Young, and Paula Brough. «The Development and Implementation of the Promoting Resilient Officers (PRO) Program.» Traumatology 17, no. 4 (2011): 43–51. Shakespeare-Finch, Jane E., Ian M. Shochet, Colette R. Roos, Cameron Craig, Deanne Armstrong, Ross McD Young, and Astrid Wurfl. «Promoting Posttraumatic Growth in Police Recruits: Preliminary Results of a Randomised Controlled Resilience Intervention Trial.» In Australian and New Zealand Disaster and Emergency Management Conference, Association for Sustainability in Business, QT Gold Coast Hotel, Surfers Paradise (2014).

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Сила воли. Как развить и укрепить

От силы воли зависят физическое здоровье, финансовое положение, отношения с окружающими и профессиональный успех — это известный факт. Но почему же нам так часто не хватает этой самой силы воли: в один миг мы владеем собой, а в другой — нас захлестывают чувства и мы теряем контроль?Стэнфордский профессор Келли Макгонигал, обобщив результаты новейших исследований, объясняет, как заменить вредные привычки полезными, как перестать откладывать дела на последний момент, научиться сосредотачиваться и справляться со стрессом.