21 урок для XXI века [заметки]

1

См., например, инаугурационную речь Джорджа Буша – младшего в 2005 году, в которой он сказал: «Исходя из последних событий и руководствуясь здравым смыслом, мы пришли к заключению: сохранение свободы в нашей стране в значительной степени зависит от успеха свободы в других странах. Самую большую надежду на мир дает распространение свободы по всей планете». ‘Bush Pledges to Spread Democracy’, CNN, 20 January 2005, http://edition.cnn.com/2005/ALLPOLITICS/01/20/bush.speech/, accessed 7 January 2018. Что касается Обамы, см., например, его последнюю речь в ООН: Katie Reilly, ‘Read Barack Obama’s Final Speech to the United Nations as President’, Time, 20 September 2016, http://time.com/4501910/president-obama-united-nations-speech-transcript/, accessed 3 December 2017.

2

William Neikirk and David S. Cloud, ‘Clinton: Abuses Put China “On Wrong Side of History”, Chicago Tribune, 30 October 1997, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-10-30/news/9710300304_1_human-rights-jiang-zemin-chinese-leader, accessed 3 December 2017.

3

Eric Bradner, ‘Hillary Clinton’s Email Controversy, Explained’, CNN, 28 October 2016, http://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/hillary-clinton-email-controversy-explained-2016/index.html, accessed 3 December 2017.

4

Chris Graham and Robert Midgley, ‘Mexico Border Wall: What is Donald Trump Planning, How Much Will It Cost and Who Will Pay for It?’, Telegraph, 23 August 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/mexico-border-wall-donald-trump-planning-much-will-cost-will/, accessed 3 December 2017; Michael Schuman, ‘Is China Stealing Jobs? It May Be Losing Them, Instead’, New York Times, 22 July 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/23/business/international/china-jobs-donald-trump.html, accessed 3 December 2017.

5

Несколько примеров из XIX и начала XX века см. в Evgeny Dobrenko and Eric Naiman (eds.), The Landscape of Stalinism: The Art and Ideology of Soviet Space (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003); W. L. Guttsman, Art for the Workers: Ideology and the Visual Arts in Weimar Germany (New York: Manchester University Press, 1997). Общую дискуссию см., например, в Nicholas John Cull, Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present (Santa Barbara: ABC–CLIO, 2003).

6

Эту интерпретацию см.: Ishaan Tharoor, ‘Brexit: A modern-day Peasants’ Revolt?’, Washington Post, 25 June 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/25/the-brexit-a-modern-day-peasants-revolt/?utm_term=.9b8e81bd5306; John Curtice, ‘US election 2016: The Trump – Brexit voter revolt’, BBC, 11 November 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37943072.

7

Самой известной работой, конечно, остается Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (London: Penguin, 1992).

8

Ayelet Shani, ‘The Israelis Who Take Rebuilding the Third Temple Very Seriously’, Haaretz, 10 August 2017, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.805977, accessed January 2018; ‘Israeli Minister: We Should Rebuild Jerusalem Temple’, Israel Today, 7 July 2013, http://www.israeltoday.co.il/Default.aspx?tabid=178&nid=23964, accessed 7 January 2018; Yuri Yanover, ‘Dep. Minister Hotovely: The Solution Is Greater Israel without Gaza’, Jewish Press, 25 August 2013, http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/dep-minister-hotovely-the-solution-is-greater-israel-without-gaza/2013/08/25/, accessed 7 January 2018; ‘Israeli Minister: The Bible Says West Bank Is Ours’, Al Jazeera, 24 February 2017, http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/upfront/2017/02/israeli-minister-bible-west-bank-170224082827910.html, accessed 29 January 2018.

9

Katie Reilly, ‘Read Barack Obama’s Final Speech to the United Nations as President’, Time, 20 September 2016, http://time.com/4501910/president-obama-united-nations-speech-transcript/, accessed 3 December 2017.

10

Gregory R. Woirol, The Technological Unemployment and Structural Unemployment Debates (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1996), 18–20; Amy Sue Bix, Inventing Ourselves out of Jobs? America’s Debate over Technological Unemployment, 1929–1981 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 1–8; Joel Mokyr, Chris Vickers and Nicolas L. Ziebarth, ‘The History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth: Is This Time Different?’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 29:3 (2015), 33–42; Joe Mokyr, The Gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002), 255–257; David H. Autor, ‘Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and the Future of Workplace Automation’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 29:3 (2015), 3–30; Melanie Arntz, Terry Gregory and Ulrich Zierahn, ‘The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries’, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 89 (2016); Mariacristina Piva and Marco Vivarelli, ‘Technological Change and Employment: Were Ricardo and Marx Right?’, IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Discussion Paper No.10471 (2017).

11

См., например, как ИИ побеждает людей в авиационных симуляторах, и особенно в воздушном бое: Nicholas Ernest et al., ‘Genetic Fuzzy based Artificial Intelligence for Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle Control in Simulated Air Combat Missions’, Journal of Defense Management 6:1 (2016), 1–7; интеллектуальные обучающие системы: Kurt VanLehn, ‘The Relative Effectiveness of Human Tutoring, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Other Tutoring Systems’, Educational Psychologist 46:4 (2011), 197–221; алгоритмический трейдинг: Giuseppe Nuti et al., ‘Algorithmic Trading’, Computer 44:11 (2011), 61–69; финансовое планирование, управление портфелем ценных бумаг и т. д.: Arash Baharammirzaee, ‘A comparative Survey of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Finance: Artificial Neural Networks, Expert System and Hybrid Intelligent Systems’, Neural Computing and Applications 19:8 (2010), 1165–1195; анализ сложных данных в медицинских системах, постановка диагноза и назначение лечения: Marjorie Glass Zauderer et al., ‘Piloting IBM Watson Oncology within Memorial Sloan Kettering’s Regional Network’, Journal of Clinical Oncology 32:15 (2014), e17653; создание оригинальных текстов на естественном языке из большого объема данных: Jean-Sébastien Vayre et al., ‘Communication Mediated through Natural Language Generation in Big Data Environments: The Case of Nomao’, Journal of Computer and Communication 5 (2017), 125–148; распознавание лиц: Florian Schroff, Dmitry Kalenichenko and James Philbin, ‘FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clustering’, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2015), 815–823; управление автомобилем: Cristiano Premebida, ‘A Lidar and Vision-based Approach for Pedestrian and Vehicle Detection and Tracking’, 2007 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (2007).

12

Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2011); Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational (New York: Harper, 2009); Brian D. Ripley, Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007); Christopher M. Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (New York: Springer, 2007).

13

Seyed Azimi et al., ‘Vehicular Networks for Collision Avoidance at Intersections,’ SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems 4 (2011), 406–416; Swarun Kumar et al., ‘CarSpeak: A Content-Centric Network for Autonomous Driving’, SIGCOM Computer Communication Review 42(2012), 259–270; Mihail L. Sichitiu and Maria Kihl, ‘Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey’, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2008), 10; Mario Gerla, Eun-Kyu Lee and Giovanni Pau, ‘Internet of Vehicles: From Intelligent Grid to Autonomous Cars and Vehicular Clouds’, 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) (2014), 241–246.

14

David D. Luxton et al., ‘mHealth for Mental Health: Integrating Smartphone Technology in Behavioural Healthcare’, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 42:6 (2011), 505–512; Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa, Illhoi Yoo and Lincoln Sheets, ‘A Systematic Review of Healthcare Application for Smartphones’, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 12:1 (2012), 67; Karl Frederick Braekkan Payne, Heather Wharrad and Kim Watts, ‘Smartphone and Medical Related App Use among Medical Students and Junior Doctors in the United Kingdom (UK): A Regional Survey’, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 12:1 (2012), 121; Sandeep Kumar Vashist, E. Marion Schneider and John H. T. Loung, ‘Commercial Smartphone-Based Devices and Smart Applications for Personalised Healthcare Monitoring and Management’, Diagnostics 4:3 (2014), 104–128; Maged N. Kamel Bouls et al., ‘How Smartphones Are Changing the Face of Mobile and Participatory Healthcare: An Overview, with Example from eCAALYX’, BioMedical Engineering OnLine 10:24 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-24, accessed 30 July 2017; Paul J. F. White, Blake W. Podaima and Marcia R. Friesen, ‘Algorithms for Smartphone and Tablet Image Analysis for Healthcare Applications’, IEEE Access 2 (2014), 831–840.

15

World Health Organization, Global status report on road safety 2015 (2016); ‘Estimates for 2000–2015, Cause-Specific Mortality’, http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html, accessed 6 September 2017.

16

Анализ причин автомобильных аварий в США см.: Daniel J. Fagnant and Kara Kockelman, ‘Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations’, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 77 (2015), 167–181; анализ данных по всему миру см., например: OECD/ITF, Road Safety Annual Report 2016 (Paris: OECD Publishing, 2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/irtad-2016-en.

17

Kristofer D. Kusano and Hampton C. Gabler, ‘Safety Benefits of Forward Collision Warning, Brake Assist, and Autonomous Braking Systems in Rear-End Collisions’, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 13:4 (2012), 1546–1555; James M. Anderson et al., Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers (Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2014), esp. 13–15; Daniel J. Fagnant and Kara Kockelman, ‘Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations’, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 77 (2015), 167–181; Jean-Francois Bonnefon, Azim Shariff and Iyad Rahwan, ‘Autonomous Vehicles Need Experimental Ethics: Are We Ready for Utilitarian Cars?’, arXiv (2015), 1–15. О предложениях по созданию межтранспортных сетей для предотвращения аварий см.: Seyed R. Azimi et al., ‘Vehicular Networks for Collision Avoidance at Intersections’, SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems 4:1 (2011), 406–416; Swarun Kumar et al., ‘CarSpeak: A Content-Centric Network for Autonomous Driving’, SIGCOM Computer Communication Review 42:4 (2012), 259–270; Mihail L. Sichitiu and Maria Kihl, ‘Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey’, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 10:2 (2008); Mario Gerla et al., ‘Internet of Vehicles: From Intelligent Grid to Autonomous Cars and Vehicular Clouds’, 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) (2014), 241–246.

18

Michael Chui, James Manyika and Mehdi Miremadi, ‘Where Machines Could Replace Humans – and Where They Can’t (Yet)’, McKinsey Quarterly (2016), http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/where-machines-could-replace-humans-and-where-they-cant-yet, accessed 1 March 2018.

19

Wu Youyou, Michal Kosinski and David Stillwell, ‘Computer-based personality judgments are more accurate than those made by humans’, PANS, vol. 112 (2014), 1036–1038.

20

Stuart Dredge, ‘AI and music: will we be slaves to the algorithm?’ Guardian, 6 August 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/06/artificial-intelligence-and-will-we-be-slaves-to-the-algorithm, accessed 15 October 2017. Обзорный анализ методов см.: Jose David Fernández and Francisco Vico, ‘AI Methods in Algorithmic Composition: A Comprehensive Survey’, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 48 (2013), 513–582.

21

Eric Topol, The Patient Will See You Now: The Future of Medicine is in Your Hands (New York: Basic Books, 2015); Robert Wachter, The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine’s Computer Age (New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015); Simon Parkin, ‘The Artificially Intelligent Doctor Will Hear You Now’, MIT Technology Review (2016), https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600868/the-artificially-intelligent-doctor-will-hear-you-now/; James Gallagher, ‘Artificial intelligence “as good as cancer doctors”, BBC, 26 January 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/health-38717928.

22

Kate Brannen, ‘Air Force’s lack of drone pilots reaching “crisis” levels’, Foreign Policy, 15 January 2015, http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/01/15/air-forces-lack-of-drone-pilots-reaching-crisis-levels/.

23

Tyler Cowen, Average is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation (New York: Dutton, 2013); Brad Bush, ‘How combined human and computer intelligence will redefine jobs’, TechCrunch (2016), https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/01/how-combined-human-and-computer-intelligence-will-redefine-jobs/.

24

Ulrich Raulff, Farewell to the Horse: The Final Century of Our Relationship (London: Allen Lane, 2017); Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 286; Margo DeMello, Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012), 197; Clay McShane and Joel Tarr, ‘The Decline of the Urban Horse in American Cities’, Journal of Transport History 24:2 (2003), 177–198.

25

Lawrence F. Katz and Alan B. Krueger, ‘The Rise and Nature of Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States, 1995–2015’, National Bureau of Economic Research (2016); Peter H. Cappelli and J. R. Keller, ‘A Study of the Extent and Potential Causes of Alternative Employment Arrangements’, ILR Review 66:4 (2013), 874–901; Gretchen M. Spreitzer, Lindsey Cameron and Lyndon Garrett, ‘Alternative Work Arrangements: Two Images of the New World of Work’, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 4 (2017), 473–499; Sarah A. Donovan, David H. Bradley and Jon O. Shimabukuru, ‘What Does the Gig Economy Mean for Workers?’, Washington DC: Congressional Research Service (2016), https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44365.pdf, accessed 11 February 2018; ‘More Workers Are in Alternative Employment Arrangements’, Pew Research Center, 28 September 2016, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/10/06/the-state-of-american-jobs/st_2016-10-06_jobs-26/, accessed 11 February 2018.

26

David Ferrucci et al.,‘Watson: Beyond Jeopardy!’, Artificial Intelligence 19–200 (2013), 93–105.

27

‘Google’s AlphaZero Destroys Stockfish in 100-Game Match’, Chess.com, 6 December 2017, https://www.chess.com/news/view/google-s-alphazero-destroys-stockfish-in-100-game-match, accessed 11 February 2018; David Silver et al., ‘Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm’, arXiv (2017), https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.01815.pdf, accessed 2 February 2018; see also Sarah Knapton, ‘Entire Human Chess Knowledge Learned and Surpassed by DeepMind’s AlphaZero in Four Hours’, Telegraph, 6 December 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/12/06/entire-human-chess-knowledge-learned-surpassed-deepminds-alphazero/, accessed 11 February 2018.

28

Cowen, Average is Over, op. cit.; Tyler Cowen, ‘What are humans still good for? The turning point in freestyle chess may be approaching’ (2013), http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2013/11/what-are-humans-still-good-for-the-turning-point-in-freestyle-chess-may-be-approaching.html.

29

Maddalaine Ansell, ‘Jobs for Life Are a Thing of the Past. Bring On Lifelong Learning’, Guardian, 31 May 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2016/may/31/jobs-for-life-are-a-thing-of-the-past-bring-on-lifelong-learning.

30

Alex Williams, ‘Prozac Nation Is Now the United States of Xanax’, New York Times, 10 June 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/10/style/anxiety-is-the-new-depression-xanax.html.

31

Simon Rippon, ‘Imposing Options on People in Poverty: The Harm of a Live Donor Organ Market’, Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (2014), 145–150; I. Glenn Cohen, ‘Regulating the Organ Market: Normative Foundations for Market Regulation’, Law and Contemporary Problems 77 (2014); Alexandra K. Glazier, ‘The Principles of Gift Law and the Regulation of Organ Donation’, Transplant International 24 (2011), 368–372; Megan McAndrews and Walter E. Block, ‘Legalizing Saving Lives: A Proposition for the Organ Market’, Insights to A Changing World Journal 2015, 1–17.

32

James J. Hughes, ‘A Strategic Opening for a Basic Income Guarantee in the Global Crisis Being Created by AI, Robots, Desktop Manufacturing and BioMedicine’, Journal of Evolution & Technology 24 (2014), 45–61; Alan Cottey, ‘Technologies, Culture, Work, Basic Income and Maximum Income’, AI & Society 29 (2014), 249–257.

33

Jon Henley, ‘Finland Trials Basic Income for Unemployed,’ Guardian, 3 January 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/03/finland-trials-basic-income-for-unemployed, accessed 1 March 2018.

34

‘Swiss Voters Reject Proposal to Give Basic Income to Every Adult and Child’, Guardian, 5 June 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/05/swiss-vote-give-basic-income-every-adult-child-marxist-dream.

35

Isabel Hunter, ‘Crammed into squalid factories to produce clothes for the West on just 20p a day, the children forced to work in horrific unregulated workshops of Bangladesh’, Daily Mail, 1 December 2015, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3339578/Crammed-squalid-factories-produce-clothes-West-just-20p-day-children-forced-work-horrific-unregulated-workshops-Bangladesh.html, accessed 15 October 2017; Chris Walker and Morgan Hartley, ‘The Culture Shock of India’s Call Centers’, Forbes, 16 December 2012, https://www.forbes.com/sites/morganhartley/2012/12/16/the-culture-shock-of-indias-call-centres/#17bb61d372f5, accessed 15 October 2017.

36

Klaus Schwab and Nicholas Davis, Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution (World Economic Forum, 2018), 54. On long-term development strategies, see Ha-Joon Chang, Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective (London: Anthem Press, 2003).

37

Lauren Gambini, ‘Trump Pans Immigration Proposal as Bringing People from “Shithole Countries”’, Guardian, 12 January 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/11/trump-pans-immigration-proposal-as-bringing-people-from-shithole-countries, accessed 11 February 2018.

38

Мысль о том, что абсолютное улучшение условий может сочетаться с относительным усилением неравенства, см., в частности, в Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013).

39

‘2017 Statistical Report on Ultra-Orthodox Society in Israel’, Israel Democracy Institute and Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies (2017), https://en.idi.org.il/articles/20439, accessed 1 January 2018; Melanie Lidman, ‘As ultra-Orthodox women bring home the bacon, don’t say the F-word’, Times of Israel, 1 January 2016, https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-ultra-orthodox-women-bring-home-the-bacon-dont-say-the-f-word/, accessed 15 October 2017.

40

Melanie Lidman, ‘As ultra-Orthodox women bring home the bacon, don’t say the F-word’, Times of Israel, 1 January 2016, https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-ultra-Orthodox-women-bring-home-the-bacon-dont-say-the-f-word/, accessed 15 October 2017; ‘Statistical Report on Ultra-Orthodox Society in Israel’, Israel Democracy Institute and Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies 18 (2016), https://en.idi.org.il/media/4240/shnaton-e_8-9-16_web.pdf, accessed 15 October 2017. Что касается счастья, не так давно Израиль занял 11-е место по уровню удовлетворенности жизнью среди 38 стран ОЭСР: ‘Life Satisfaction’, OECD Better Life Index, http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/life-satisfaction/, accessed 15 October 2017.

41

‘2017 Statistical Report on Ultra-Orthodox Society in Israel’, Israel Democracy Institute and Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies (2017), https://en.idi.org.il/articles/20439, accessed 1 January 2018.

42

Margaret Thatcher, ‘Interview for Woman’s Own (“no such thing as society”)’, Margaret Thatcher Foundation, 23 September 1987, https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/106689, accessed 7 January 2018.

43

Keith Stanovich, Who Is Rational? Studies of Individual Differences in Reasoning (New York: Psychology Press, 1999).

44

Richard Dawkins, ‘Richard Dawkins: We Need a New Party – the European Party’, NewStatesman, 29 March 2017, https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2017/03/richard-dawkins-we-need-new-party-european-party, accessed 1 March 2018.

45

Steven Swinford, ‘Boris Johnson’s allies accuse Michael Gove of “systematic and calculated plot” to destroy his leadership hopes’, Telegraph, 30 June 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/30/boris-johnsons-allies-accuse-michael-gove-of-systematic-and-calc/, accessed 3 September 2017; Rowena Mason and Heather Stewart, ‘Gove’s thunderbolt and Boris’s breaking point: a shocking Tory morning’, Guardian, 30 June 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/30/goves-thunderbolt-boris-johnson-tory-morning, accessed 3 September 2017.

46

James Tapsfield, ‘Gove presents himself as the integrity candidate for Downing Street job but sticks the knife into Boris AGAIN’, Daily Mail, 1 July 2016, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3669702/I-m-not-great-heart-s-right-place-Gove-makes-bizarre-pitch-Downing-Street-admitting-no-charisma-doesn-t-really-want-job.html, accessed 3 September 2017.

47

В 2017 году исследователи из Стэнфорда разработали алгоритм, который якобы определяет сексуальную ориентацию человека с точностью 91 % только на основе нескольких фотографий его лица (https://osf.io/zn79k/). Но алгоритм разрабатывался на основе фотографий, которые люди выбирали сами для загрузки на сайты знакомств, и поэтому он мог идентифицировать различия в культурных идеалах. Это не значит, что выражение лица геев обязательно отличается от выражения лица у людей традиционной ориентации. Скорее геи, размещающие свои фото на сайте знакомств для геев, пытают соответствовать другому культурному идеалу, чем люди традиционной сексуальной ориентации, публикующие свои фотографии на соответствующих сайтах знакомств.

48

David Chan, ‘So Why Ask Me? Are Self-Report Data Really That Bad?’ in Charles E. Lance and Robert J. Vandenberg (eds.), Statistical and Methodological Myths and Urban Legends (New York, London: Routledge, 2009), 309–336; Delroy L. Paulhus and Simine Vazire, ‘The Self-Report Method’ in Richard W. Robins, R. Chris Farley and Robert F. Krueger (eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Personality Psychology (London, New York: The Guilford Press, 2007), 228–233.

49

Elizabeth Dwoskin and Evelyn M. Rusli, ‘The Technology that Unmasks Your Hidden Emotions’, Wall Street Journal, 28 January 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/startups-see-your-face-unmask-your-emotions-1422472398, accessed 6 September 2017.

50

Norberto Andrade, ‘Computers Are Getting Better Than Humans at Facial Recognition’, Atlantic, 9 June 2014, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/bad-news-computers-are-getting-better-than-we-are-at-facial-recognition/372377/, accessed 10 December 2017; Elizabeth Dwoskin and Evelyn M. Rusli, ‘The Technology That Unmasks Your Hidden Emotions’, Wall Street Journal, 28 June 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/startups-see-your-face-unmask-your-emotions-1422472398, accessed 10 December 2017; Sophie K. Scott, Nadine Lavan, Sinead Chen and Carolyn McGettigan, ‘The Social Life of Laughter’, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 18:12 (2014), 618–620.

51

Daniel First, ‘Will big data algorithms dismantle the foundations of liberalism?’, AI & Soc, 10.1007/s00146-017-0733-4.

52

Carole Cadwalladr, ‘Google, Democracy and the Truth about Internet Search’, Guardian, 4 December 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/04/google-democracy-truth-internet-search-facebook, accessed 6 September 2017.

53

Jeff Freak and Shannon Holloway, ‘How Not to Get to Straddie’, Red Land City Bulletin, 15 March 2012, http://www.redlandcitybulletin.com.au/story/104929/how-not-to-get-to-straddie/, accessed 1 March 2018.

54

Michelle McQuigge, ‘Woman Follows GPS; Ends Up in Ontario Lake’, Toronto Sun, 13 May 2016, http://torontosun.com/2016/05/13/woman-follows-gps-ends-up-in-ontario-lake/wcm/fddda6d6-6b6e-41c7-88e8-aecc501faaa5, accessed 1 March 2018; ‘Woman Follows GPS into Lake’, News.com.au, 16 May 2016, http://www.news.com.au/technology/gadgets/woman-follows-gps-into-lake/news-story/a7d362dfc4634fd094651afc63f853a1, accessed 1 March 2018.

55

Henry Grabar, ‘Navigation Apps Are Killing Our Sense of Direction. What if They Could Help Us Remember Places Instead?’ Slate, http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2017/07/10/google_and_waze_are_killing_out_sense_of_direction_what_if_they_could_help.html, accessed 6 September 2017.

56

Joel Delman, ‘Are Amazon, Netflix, Google Making Too Many Decisions For Us?’, Forbes, 24 November 2010, https://www.forbes.com/2010/11/24/amazon-netflix-google-technology-cio-network-decisions.html, accessed 6 September 2017; Cecilia Mazanec, ‘Will Algorithms Erode Our Decision-Making Skills?’, NPR, 8 February 2017, http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/02/08/514120713/will-algorithms-erode-our-decision-making-skills, accessed 6 September 2017.

57

Jean-Francois Bonnefon, Azim Shariff and Iyad Rawhan, ‘The Social Dilemma of Autonomous Vehicles’, Science 352:6293 (2016), 1573–1576.

58

Christopher W. Bauman et al., ‘Revisiting External Validity: Concerns about Trolley Problems and Other Sacrificial Dilemmas in Moral Psychology’, Social and Personality Psychology Compass 8:9 (2014), 536–554.

59

John M. Darley and Daniel C. Batson, ‘“From Jerusalem to Jericho”: A Study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 27:1 (1973), 100–108.

60

Kristofer D. Kusano and Hampton C. Gabler, ‘Safety Benefits of Forward Collision Warning, Brake Assist, and Autonomous Braking Systems in Rear-End Collisions’, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 13:4 (2012), 1546–1555; James M. Anderson et al., Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers (Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2014), esp. 13–15; Daniel J. Fagnant and Kara Kockelman, ‘Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations’, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 77 (2015), 167–181.

61

Tim Adams, ‘Job Hunting Is a Matter of Big Data, Not How You Perform at an Interview’, Guardian, 10 May 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/10/job-hunting-big-data-interview-algorithms-employees, accessed 6 September 2017.

62

Необычайно глубокую дискуссию на эту тему см. в Cathy O’Neil, Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy (New York: Crown, 2016). Эту работу обязательно следует прочесть тем, кого интересует потенциальное влияние алгоритмов на общество и политику.

63

Bonnefon, Shariff and Rawhan, ‘Social Dilemma of Autonomous Vehicles’.

64

Vincent C. Müller and Thomas W. Simpson, ‘Autonomous Killer Robots Are Probably Good News’, University of Oxford, Blavatnik School of Government Policy Memo, November 2014; Ronald Arkin, Governing Lethal Behaviour: Embedding Ethics in a Hybrid Deliberative/Reactive Robot Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Mobile Robot Lab, 2007, 1–13.

65

Bernd Greiner, War without Fronts: The USA in Vietnam, trans. Anne Wyburd and Victoria Fern (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 16. По меньшей мере одно свидетельство эмоционального состояния солдат см. в Herbert Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton, ‘The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience’ in Jodi O’Brien and David M. Newman (eds.), Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life Reading (Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press, 2010), 13–25.

66

Robert J. Donia, Radovan Karadzic: Architect of the Bosnian Genocide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015). См. также: Isabella Delpla, Xavier Bougarel and Jean-Louis Fournel, Investigating Srebrenica: Institutions, Facts, and Responsibilities (New York, Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2012).

67

Noel E. Sharkey, ‘The Evitability of Autonomous Robot Warfare’, International Rev. Red Cross 94 (886) 2012, 787–799.

68

Ben Schiller, ‘Algorithms Control Our Lives: Are They Benevolent Rulers or Evil Dictators?’, Fast Company, 21 February 2017, https://www.fastcompany.com/3068167/algorithms-control-our-lives-are-they-benevolent-rulers-or-evil-dictators, accessed 17 September 2017.

69

Elia Zureik, David Lyon and Yasmeen Abu-Laban (eds.), Surveillance and Control in Israel/Palestine: Population, Territory and Power (London: Routledge, 2011); Elia Zureik, Israel’s Colonial Project in Palestine (London: Routledge, 2015); Torin Monahan (ed.), Surveillance and Security: Technological Politics and Power in Everyday Life (London: Routledge, 2006); Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, ‘E-Resistance and Technological In/Security in Everyday Life: The Palestinian case’, British Journal of Criminology, 52:1 (2012), 55–72; Or Hirschauge and Hagar Sheizaf, ‘Targeted Prevention: Exposing the New System for Dealing with Individual Terrorism’, Haaretz, 26 May 2017, https://www.haaretz.co.il/magazine/.premium-1.4124379, accessed 17 September 2017; Amos Harel, ‘The IDF Accelerates the Crisscrossing of the West Bank with Cameras and Plans to Surveille all Junctions’, Haaretz, 18 June 2017, https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/.premium-1.4179886, accessed 17 September 2017; Neta Alexander, ‘This is How Israel Controls the Digital and Cellular Space in the Territories’, 31 March 2016, https://www.haaretz.co.il/magazine/.premium-MAGAZINE-1.2899665, accessed 12 January 2018; Amos Harel, ‘Israel Arrested Hundreds of Palestinians as Suspected Terrorists Due to Publications on the Internet’, Haaretz, 16 April 2017, https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/.premium-1.4024578, accessed 15 January 2018; Alex Fishman, ‘The Argaman Era’, Yediot Aharonot, Weekend Supplement, 28 April 2017, 6.

70

Yotam Berger, ‘Police Arrested a Palestinian Based on an Erroneous Translation of “Good Morning” in His Facebook Page’, Haaretz, 22 October 2017, https://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.4528980, accessed 12 January 2018.

71

William Beik, Louis XIV and Absolutism: A Brief Study with Documents (Boston, MA: Bedford/St Martin’s, 2000).

72

O’Neil, Weapons of Math Destruction, цитируемая работа; Penny Crosman, ‘Can AI Be Programmed to Make Fair Lending Decisions?’, American Banker, 27 September 2016, https://www.americanbanker.com/news/can-ai-be-programmed-to-make-fair-lending-decisions, ссылка актуальна на 17 September 2017.

73

Matt Reynolds, ‘Bias Test to Prevent Algorithms Discriminating Unfairly’, New Scientist, 29 May 2017, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23431195–300-bias-test-to-prevent-algorithms-discriminating-unfairly/, ссылка актуальна на 17 September 2017; Claire Cain Miller, ‘When Algorithms Discriminate’, New York Times, 9 July 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/10/upshot/when-algorithms-discriminate.html, ссылка актуальна на 17 September 2017; Hannah Devlin, ‘Discrimination by Algorithm: Scientists Devise Test to Detect AI Bias’, Guardian, 19 December 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/19/discrimination-by-algorithm-scientists-devise-test-to-detect-ai-bias, ссылка актуальна на 17 September 2017.

74

Snyder, The Road to Unfreedom, op. cit.

75

Anna Lisa Peterson, Being Animal: Beasts and Boundaries in Nature Ethics (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013), 100.

76

‘Richest 1 Percent Bagged 82 Percent of Wealth Created Last Year – Poorest Half of Humanity Got Nothing’, Oxfam, 22 January 2018, https://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressreleases/2018-01-22/richest-1-percent-bagged-82-percent-wealth-created-last-year, ссылка актуальна на 28 February 2018; Josh Lowe, ‘The 1 Percent Now Have Half the World's Wealth’, Newsweek, 14 November 2017, http://www.newsweek.com/1-wealth-money-half-world-global-710714, ссылка актуальна на 28 February 2018; Adam Withnall, ‘All the World’s Most Unequal Countries Revealed in One Chart’, Independent, 23 November 2016, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/credit-suisse-global-wealth-world-most-unequal-countries-revealed-a7434431.html, ссылка актуальна на 11 March 2018.

77

Tim Wu, The Attention Merchants (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016).

78

Cara McGoogan, ‘How to See All the Terrifying Things Google Knows about You’, Telegraph, 18 August 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/0/see-terrifying-things-google-knows/, ссылка актуальна на 19 October 2017; Caitlin Dewey, ‘Everything Google Knows about You (and How It Knows It)’, Washington Post, 19 November 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/11/19/everything-google-knows-about-you-and-how-it-knows-it/?utm_term=.b81c3ce3ddd6, ссылка актуальна на 19 October 2017.

79

Dan Bates, ‘YouTube Is Losing Money Even Though It Has More Than 1 Billion Viewers’, Daily Mail, 26 February 2015, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2970777/YouTube-roughly-breaking-nine-years-purchased-Google-billion-viewers.html, ссылка актуальна на 19 October 2017; Olivia Solon, ‘Google’s Bad Week: YouTube Loses Millions As Advertising Row Reaches US’, Guardian, 25 March 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/25/google-youtube-advertising-extremist-content-att-verizon, ссылка актуальна на 19 October 2017; Seth Fiegerman, ‘Twitter Is Now Losing Users in the US’, CNN, 27 July 2017, http://money.cnn.com/2017/07/27/technology/business/twitter-earnings/index.html, ссылка актуальна на 19 October 2017.

80

Mark Zuckerberg, ‘Building Global Community’, 16 February 2017, https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/building-global-community/10154544292806634/, ссылка актуальна на 20 August 2017.

81

John Shinal, ‘Mark Zuckerberg: Facebook can play a role that churches and Little League once filled’, CNBC, 26 June 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/26/mark-zuckerberg-compares-facebook-to-church-little-league.html, ссылка актуальна на 20 August 2017.

82

http://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/26/mark-zuckerberg-compares-facebook-to-church-little-league.html; http://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/22/facebook-has-a-new-mission-following-fake-news-crisis-zuckerberg-says.html

83

Robin Dunbar, Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998).

84

См., например, Pankaj Mishra, Age of Anger: A History of the Present (London: Penguin, 2017).

85

Общий обзор и критику см. в Derek Y. Darves and Michael C. Dreiling, Agents of Neoliberal Globalization: Corporate Networks, State Structures and Trade Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).

86

Lisa Eadicicco, ‘Americans Check Their Phones 8 Billion Times a Day’, Time, 15 December 2015, http://time.com/4147614/smartphone-usage-us-2015/, ссылка актуальна на 20 August 2017; Julie Beck, ‘Ignoring People for Phones Is the New Normal’, Atlantic, 14 June 2016, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/06/ignoring-people-for-phones-is-the-new-normal-phubbing-study/486845/, ссылка актуальна на 20 August 2017.

87

Zuckerberg, ‘Building Global Community’, op. cit.

88

Time Well Spent, http://www.timewellspent.io/, ссылка актуальна на September 3, 2017.

89

Zuckerberg, ‘Building Global Community’, op. cit.

90

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/04/facebook-uk-corporation-tax-profit; https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/sep/21/tech-firms-tax-eu-turnover-google-amazon-apple; http://www.wired.co.uk/article/facebook-apple-tax-loopholes-deals.

91

Организация, запрещенная в Российской Федерации. – Прим. ред.

92

Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996); David Lauter and Brian Bennett, ‘Trump Frames Anti-Terrorism Fight As a Clash of Civilizations, Defending Western Culture against Enemies’, Los Angeles Times, 6 July 2017, http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-clash-20170706-story.html, ссылка актуальна на 29 January 2018. Naomi O’Leary, ‘The Man Who Invented Trumpism: Geert Wilders’ Radical Path to the Pinnacle of Dutch Politics’, Politico, 23 February 2017, https://www.politico.eu/article/the-man-who-invented-trumpism-geert-wilders-netherlands-pvv-vvd-populist/, ссылка актуальна на 31 January 2018.

93

Pankaj Mishra, From the Ruins of Empire: The Revolt Against the West and the Remaking of Asia (London: Penguin, 2013); Mishra, Age of Anger, цитируемая работа; Christopher de Bellaigue, The Muslim Enlightenment: The Modern Struggle Between Faith and Reason (London: The Bodley Head, 2017).

94

‘Treaty Establishing A Constitution for Europe’, European Union, https://europa.eu/european-union/sites/europaeu/files/docs/body/treaty_establishing_a_constitution_for_europe_en.pdf, ссылка актуальна на 18 October 2017.

95

Phoebe Greenwood, ‘Jerusalem Mayor Battles Ultra-Orthodox Groups over Women-Free Billboards’, Guardian, 15 November 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/15/jerusalem-mayor-battle-orthodox-billboards, ссылка актуальна на 7 January 2018.

96

http://nypost.com/2015/10/01/orthodox-publications-wont-show-hillary-clintons-photo/

97

Simon Schama, The Story of the Jews: Finding the Words 1000 BC – 1492 AD (New York: Ecco, 2014), 190–197; Hannah Wortzman, ‘Jewish Women in Ancient Synagogues: Archaeological Reality vs. Rabbinical Legislation’, Women in Judaism 5:2 (2008), http://wjudaism.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/wjudaism/article/view/3537, ссылка актуальна на 29 January 2018; Ross S. Kraemer, ‘Jewish Women in the Diaspora World of Late Antiquity’ in Judith R. Baskin (ed.), Jewish Women in Historical Perspective (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991), esp. 49; Hachlili Rachel, Ancient Synagogues – Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 578–581; Zeev Weiss, ‘The Sepphoris Synagogue Mosaic: Abraham, the Temple and the Sun God – They’re All in There’, Biblical Archeology Society 26:5 (2000), 48–61; David Milson, Art and Architecture of the Synagogue in Late Antique Palestine (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 48.

98

Ivan Watson and Pamela Boykoff, ‘World’s Largest Muslim Group Denounces Islamist Extremism’, CNN, 10 May 2016, http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/10/asia/indonesia-extremism/index.html, ссылка актуальна на 8 January 2018; Lauren Markoe, ‘Muslim Scholars Release Open Letter To Islamic State Meticulously Blasting Its Ideology’, Huffington Post, 25 September 2014, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/24/muslim-scholars-islamic-state_n_5878038.html, ссылка актуальна на 8 January 2018; о письме см.: ‘Open Letter to Al-Baghdadi’, http://www.lettertobaghdadi.com/, ссылка актуальна на 8 January 2018.

99

Chris Perez, ‘Obama Defends the “True Peaceful Nature of Islam”’, New York Post, 18 February 2015, http://nypost.com/2015/02/18/obama-defends-the-true-peaceful-nature-of-islam/, ссылка актуальна на 17 October 2017; Dave Boyer, ‘Obama Says Terrorists Not Motivated By True Islam’, Washington Times, 1 February 2015, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/1/obama-says-terrorists-not-motivated-true-islam/, ссылка актуальна на 18 October 2017.

100

De Bellaigue, The Islamic Enlightenment, op. cit.

101

Christopher McIntosh, The Swan King: Ludwig II of Bavaria (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012), 100.

102

Robert Mitchell Stern, Globalization and International Trade Policies (Hackensack: World Scientific, 2009), 23.

103

John K. Thornton, A Cultural History of the Atlantic World, 1250–1820 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 110.

104

Susannah Cullinane, Hamdi Alkhshali and Mohammed Tawfeeq, ‘Tracking a Trail of Historical Obliteration: ISIS Trumpets Destruction of Nimrud’, CNN, 14 April 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/09/world/iraq-isis-heritage/index.html, ссылка актуальна на 18 October 2017.

105

Kenneth Pomeranz, The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy (Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001), 36–38.

106

‘ISIS Leader Calls for Muslims to Help Build Islamic State in Iraq’, CBCNEWS, 1 July 2014, http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/isis-leader-calls-for-muslims-to-help-build-islamic-state-in-iraq-1.2693353, ссылка актуальна на 18 October 2017; Mark Townsend, ‘What Happened to the British Medics Who Went to Work for ISIS?’, Guardian, 12 July 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/12/british-medics-isis-turkey-islamic-state, ссылка актуальна на 18 October 2017.

107

Francis Fukuyama, Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2014).

108

Ashley Killough, ‘Lyndon Johnson’s “Daisy” Ad, Which Changed the World of Politics, Turns 50’, CNN, 8 September 2014, http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/07/politics/daisy-ad-turns-50/index.html, ссылка актуальна на 19 October 2017.

109

‘Cause-Specific Mortality: Estimates for 2000–2015’, World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html, ссылка актуальна на 19 October 2017.

110

David E. Sanger and William J. Broad, ‘To counter Russia, US signals nuclear arms are back in a big way’, New York Times, 4 February 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/04/us/politics/trump-nuclear-russia.html ссылка актуальна на 6 February 2018; US Department of Defense, ‘Nuclear Posture Review 2018’, https://www.defense.gov/News/Special-Reports/0218_npr/ ссылка актуальна на 6 February 2018; Jennifer Hansler, ‘Trump Says He Wants Nuclear Arsenal in “Tip-Top Shape”, Denies Desire to Increase Stockpile’, CNN, 12 October 2017, http://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/11/politics/nuclear-arsenal-trump/index.html, ссылка актуальна на 19 October 2017; Jim Garamone, ‘DoD Official: National Defense Strategy Will Enhance Deterrence’, Department of Defense News, Defense Media Activity, 19 January 2018, https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1419045/dod-official-national-defense-strategy-will-rebuild-dominance-enhance-deterrence/, ссылка актуальна на 28 January 2018.

111

Michael Mandelbaum, Mission Failure: America and the World in the Post-Cold War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).

112

Elizabeth Kolbert, Field Notes from a Catastrophe (London: Bloomsbury, 2006); Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History (London: Bloomsbury, 2014); Will Steffen et al., ‘Planetary Boundaries: Guiding Human Development on a Changing Planet’, Science 347:6223, 13 February 2015, DOI: 10.1126/science.1259855.

113

John Cook et al., ‘Quantifying the Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming in the Scientific Literature’, Environmental Research Letters 8:2 (2013); John Cook et al., ‘Consensus on Consensus: A Synthesis of Consensus Estimates on Human-Caused Global Warming’, Environmental Research Letters 11:4 (2016); Andrew Griffin, ‘15,000 Scientists Give Catastrophic Warning about the Fate of the World in New “Letter to Humanity”’, Independent, 13 November 2017, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/letter-to-humanity-warning-climate-change-global-warming-scientists-union-concerned-a8052481.html, ссылка актуальна на 8 January 2018; Justin Worland, ‘Climate Change Is Already Wreaking Havoc on Our Weather, Scientists Find’, Time, 15 December 2017, http://time.com/5064577/climate-change-arctic/, ссылка актуальна на 8 January 2018.

114

Richard J. Millar et al., ‘Emission Budgets and Pathways Consistent with Limiting Warming to 1.5 C’, Nature Geoscience 10 (2017), 741–747; Joeri Rogelj et al., ‘Differences between Carbon Budget Estimates Unraveled’, Nature Climate Change 6 (2016), 245–252; Akshat Rathi, ‘Did We Just Buy Decades More Time to Hit Climate Goals’, Quartz, 21 September 2017, https://qz.com/1080883/the-breathtaking-new-climate-change-study-hasnt-changed-the-urgency-with-which-we-must-reduce-emissions/, ссылка актуальна на 11 February 2018; Roz Pidcock, ‘Carbon Briefing: Making Sense of the IPCC's New Carbon Budget’, Carbon Brief, 23 October 2013, https://www.carbonbrief.org/carbon-briefing-making-sense-of-the-ipccs-new-carbon-budget, ссылка актуальна на 11 February 2018.

115

Jianping Huang et al., ‘Accelerated Dryland Expansion under Climate Change’, Nature Climate Change 6 (2016), 166–171; Thomas R. Knutson, ‘Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change’, Nature Geoscience 3 (2010), 157–163; Edward Hanna et al., ‘Ice-Sheet Mass Balance and Climate Change’, Nature 498 (2013), 51–59; Tim Wheeler and Joachim von Braun, ‘Climate Change Impacts on Global Food Security’, Science 341:6145 (2013), 508–513; A. J. Challinor et al., ‘A Meta-Analysis of Crop Yield under Climate Change and Adaptation’, Nature Climate Change 4 (2014), 287–291; Elisabeth Lingren et al., ‘Monitoring EU Emerging Infectious Disease Risk Due to Climate Change’, Science 336:6080 (2012), 418–419; Frank Biermann and Ingrid Boas, ‘Preparing for a Warmer World: Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Change’, Global Environmental Politics 10:1 (2010), 60–88; Jeff Goodell, The Water Will Come: Rising Seas, Sinking Cities and the Remaking of the Civilized World (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2017); Mark Lynas, Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet (Washington: National Geographic, 2008); Naomi Klein, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. Climate (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014); Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction, op. cit.

116

‘Russia's Putin Says Climate Change in Arctic Good for Economy’, CBS News, 30 March 2017, http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/russia-putin-climate-change-beneficial-economy-1.4048430, ссылка актуальна на 1 March 2018; Neela Banerjee, ‘Russia and the US Could be Partners in Climate Change Inaction’, Inside Climate News, 7 February 2017, https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06022017/russia-vladimir-putin-donald-trump-climate-change-paris-climate-agreement, ссылка актуальна на 1 March 2018; Noah Smith, ‘Russia Wins in a Retreat on Climate Change’, Bloomberg View, 15 December 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016–1215/russia-wins-in-a-retreat-on-climate-change, ссылка актуальна на March 1, 2018; Gregg Easterbrook, ‘Global Warming: Who Loses – and Who Wins?’, Atlantic (April 2007), https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2007/04/global-warming-who-loses-and-who-wins/305698/, ссылка актуальна на 1 March 2018; Quentin Buckholz, ‘Russia and Climate Change: A Looming Threat’, Diplomat, 4 February 2016, https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/russia-and-climate-change-a-looming-threat/, ссылка актуальна на 1 March 2018.

117

Brian Eckhouse, Ari Natter and Christopher Martin, ‘President Trump slaps tariffs on solar panels in major blow to renewable energy’, 22 January 2018, http://time.com/5113472/donald-trump-solar-panel-tariff/, ссылка актуальна на 30 January 2018.

118

Miranda Green and Rene Marsh, ‘Trump Administration Doesn’t Want to Talk about Climate Change’, CNN, 13 September 2017, http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/12/politics/trump-climate-change-silence/index.html, ссылка актуальна на 22 October 2017; Lydia Smith, ‘Trump Administration Deletes Mention of “Climate Change” from Environmental Protection Agency’s Website’, Independent, 22 October 2017, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-administration-climate-change-deleted-environmental-protection-agency-website-a8012581.html, ссылка актуальна на 22 October 2017; Alana Abramson, ‘No, Trump Still Hasn’t Changed His Mind About Climate Change After Hurricane Irma and Harvey’, Time, 11 September 2017, http://time.com/4936507/donald-trump-climate-change-hurricane-irma-hurricane-harvey/, ссылка актуальна на 22 October 2017.

119

‘Treaty Establishing A Constitution for Europe’, European Union, https://europa.eu/european-union/sites/europaeu/files/docs/body/treaty_establishing_a_constitution_for_europe_en.pdf, ссылка актуальна на 23 October 2017.

120

Bernard S. Cohn, Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), 148.

121

‘Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’ of the Holy Father Francis on Care for Our Common Home’, The Holy See, http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html, ссылка актуальна на 3 December 2017.

122

Впервые упоминается Фрейдом в работе «Цивилизация и ее тяготы»: Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, trans. James Strachey (New York: W. W. Norton, 1961), 61.

123

Ian Buruma, Inventing Japan, 1853–1964 (New York: Modern Library, 2003).

124

Robert Axell, Kamikaze: Japan’s Suicide Gods (London: Longman, 2002).

125

Charles K. Armstrong, Familism, Socialism and Political Religion in North Korea’, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 6:3 (2005), 383–394; Daniel Byman and Jennifer Lind, ‘Pyongyang’s Survival Strategy: Tools of Authoritarian Control in North Korea’, International Security 35:1 (2010), 44–74; Paul French, North Korea: The Paranoid Peninsula, 2nd edn (London, New York: Zed Books, 2007); Andrei Lankov, The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015); Young Whan Kihl, ‘Staying Power of the Socialist “Hermit Kingdom”’, in Hong Nack Kim and Young Whan Kihl (eds.), North Korea: The Politics of Regime Survival (New York: Routledge, 2006), 3–36.

126

‘Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2016’, UNHCR, http://www.unhcr.org/5943e8a34.pdf, ссылка актуальна на 11 January 2018.

127

Lauren Gambini, ‘Trump Pans Immigration Proposal as Bringing People from “Shithole Countries”’, Guardian, 12 January 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/11/trump-pans-immigration-proposal-as-bringing-people-from-shithole-countries, ссылка актуальна на 11 February 2018.

128

Tal Kopan, ‘What Donald Trump Has Said about Mexico and Vice Versa’, CNN, 31 August 2016, https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/31/politics/donald-trump-mexico-statements/index.html, ссылка актуальна на 28 February 2018.

129

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/many-people-killed-terrorist-attacks-uk/; National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) (2016), Global Terrorism Database [Data file]. По данным https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd; http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/susan-jones/11774-number-terror-attacks-worldwide-dropped-13–2015; http://www.datagraver.com/case/people-killed-by-terrorism-per-year-in-western-europe-1970-2015; http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/statistics-on-incidents-of-terrorism-worldwide; Gary LaFree, Laura Dugan and Erin Miller, Putting Terrorism in Context: Lessons from the Global Terrorism Database (London: Routledge, 2015); Gary LaFree, ‘Using open source data to counter common myths about terrorism’ in Brian Forst, Jack Greene and Jim Lynch (eds.), Criminologists on Terrorism and Homeland Security (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 411–442; Gary LaFree, ‘The Global Terrorism Database: Accomplishments and challenges’, Perspectives on Terrorism 4 (2010), 24–46; Gary LaFree and Laura Dugan, ‘Research on terrorism and countering terrorism’ in M. Tonry (ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), 413–477; Gary LaFree and Laura Dugan, ‘Introducing the global terrorism database’, Political Violence and Terrorism 19 (2007), 181–204.

130

‘Deaths on the roads: Based on the WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015’, World Health Organization, ссылка актуальна на 26 January 2016; https://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html; ‘Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013’, World Health Organization; http://gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/road_safety/road_traffic_deaths/atlas.html; http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2013/en/; http://www.newsweek.com/2015-brought-biggest-us-traffic-death-increase-50-years-427759.

131

http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/diabetes/data-and-statistics; http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1; https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/27/more-than-million-died-due-air-pollution-china-one-year.

132

О битве см. Gary Sheffield, Forgotten Victory: The First World War. Myths and Reality (London: Headline, 2001), 137–164.

133

‘Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000’, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Palestinian/Pages/Victims%20of%20Palestinian%20Violence%20and%20Terrorism%20sinc.aspx, ссылка актуальна на 23 October 2017.

134

‘Car Accidents with Casualties, 2002’, Central Bureau of Statistics (на иврите), http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/acci02/acci02h.pdf, ссылка актуальна на 23 October 2017.

135

'Pan Am Flight 103 Fast Facts’, CNN, 16 December 2016, http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/26/world/pan-am-flight-103-fast-facts/index.html, ссылка актуальна на 23 October 2017.

136

Tom Templeton and Tom Lumley, ‘9/11 in Numbers’, Guardian, 18 August 2002, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/18/usa.terrorism, ссылка актуальна на 23 October 2017.

137

Ian Westwell and Dennis Cove (eds.), History of World War I, vol. 2 (New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2002), 431. О битве при Изонцо см.: John R. Schindler, Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War (Westport: Praeger, 2001), 217–218.

138

Sergio Catignani, Israeli Counter-Insurgency and the Intifadas: Dilemmas of a Conventional Army (London: Routledge, 2008).

139

‘‘Reported Rapes in France Jump 18 % in Five Years’, France 24, 11 August 2015, http://www.france24.com/en/20150811-reported-rapes-france-jump-18-five-years, ссылка актуальна на 11 January 2018.

140

Yuval Noah Harari, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow (New York: HarperCollins, 2017), 14–19; ‘Global Health Observatory Data Repository, 2012’, World Health Organization, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.RCODWORLD?lang=en, ссылка актуальна на 16 August 2015; ‘Global Study on Homicide, 2013’, UNDOC, http://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf; ссылка актуальна на 16 August 2015; http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html.

141

‘World Military Spending: Increases in the USA and Europe, Decreases in Oil-Exporting Countries’, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 24 April 2017, https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2017/world-military-spending-increases-usa-and-europe, ссылка актуальна на 23 October, 2017.

142

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/battles/egypt/popup/telel4.htm.

143

Spencer C. Tucker (ed.), The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social and Military History (Santa Barbara: ABC–CLIO, 2013), 131.

144

ВВП рассчитывался на основе статистики МВФ по паритету покупательной способности: International Monetary Fund, ‘Report for Selected Countries and Subjects, 2017’, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/index.aspx, ссылка актуальна на 27 February 2018.

145

http://www.businessinsider.com/isis-making-50-million-a-month-from-oil-sales-2015–10.

146

Ian Buruma, Inventing Japan (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003); Eri Hotta, Japan 1941: Countdown to Infamy (London: Vintage, 2014).

147

http://www.ancientpages.com/2015/10/19/10-remarkable-ancient-indian-sages-familiar-with-advanced-technology-science-long-before-modern-era/; https://www.hindujagruti.org/articles/31.html; http://mcknowledge.info/about-vedas/what-is-vedic-science/.

148

Эти цифры и соотношения видны на следующей диаграмме: Conrad Hackett and David McClendon, ‘Christians Remain World’s Largest Religious Group, but They Are Declining in Europe’, Pew Research Center, 5 April 2017, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/05/christians-remain-worlds-largest-religious-group-but-they-are-declining-in-europe/, ссылка актуальна на 13 November 2017.

149

Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion (New York: Pantheon, 2012); Joshua Greene, Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap Between Us and Them (New York: Penguin Press, 2013).

150

Marc Bekoff and Jessica Pierce, ‘Wild Justice – Honor and Fairness among Beasts at Play’, American Journal of Play 1:4 (2009), 451–475.

151

Frans de Waal, Our Inner Ape (London: Granta, 2005), ch. 5.

152

Frans de Waal, Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 157.

153

Эта история легла в основу документального фильма «Шимпанзе», выпущенного Disneynature в 2010 году.

154

M. E. J. Richardson, Hammurabi’s Laws (London, New York: T&T Clark International, 2000), 29–31.

155

Loren R. Fisher, The Eloquent Peasant, 2nd edn (Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015).

156

Некоторые раввины, оригинальным образом интерпретируя Талмуд, считают допустимым нарушать святость субботы ради спасения жизни нееврея. Они утверждают, что, если евреи не будут спасать неевреев, неевреи разгневаются и станут нападать на евреев и убивать их. Поэтому, спасая нееврея, вы косвенным образом спасаете еврея. Тем не менее даже этот аргумент показывает, что жизнь еврея и жизнь нееврея наделяются разной ценностью.

157

Catherine Nixey, The Darkening Age: The Christian Destruction of the Classical World (London: Macmillan, 2017).

158

Charles Allen, Ashoka: The Search for India’s Lost Emperor (London: Little, Brown, 2012), 412–413. – Пер. В. Вертоградовой.

159

Clyde Pharr et al. (eds.), The Theodosian Code and Novels, and the Sirmondian Constitutions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1952), 440, 467–471.

160

Там же, особенно 472–473.

161

Sofie Remijsen, The End of Greek Athletics in Late Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), 45–51.

162

Ruth Schuster, ‘Why Do Jews Win So Many Nobels?’, Haaretz, 9 October 2013, https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/news/1.551520, ссылка актуальна на 13 November 2017.

163

Lillian Faderman, The Gay Revolution: The Story of the Struggle (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015).

164

Elaine Scarry, The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985).

165

Jonathan H. Turner, Incest: Origins of the Taboo (Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2005); Robert J. Kelly et al., ‘Effects of Mother-Son Incest and Positive Perceptions of Sexual Abuse Experiences on the Psychosocial Adjustment of Clinic-Referred Men’, Child Abuse & Neglect 26:4 (2002), 425–441; Mireille Cyr et al., ‘Intrafamilial Sexual Abuse: Brother-Sister Incest Does Not Differ from Father-Daughter and Stepfather-Stepdaughter Incest’, Child Abuse & Neglect 26:9 (2002), 957–973; Sandra S. Stroebel, ‘Father – Daughter Incest: Data from an Anonymous Computerized Survey’, Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 21:2 (2010), 176–199.

166

Steven A. Sloman and Philip Fernbach, The Knowledge Illusion: Why We Never Think Alone (New York: Riverhead Books, 2017); Greene, Moral Tribes, op. cit.

167

Sloman and Fernbach, The Knowledge Illusion, op. cit., 20.

168

Eli Pariser, The Filter Bubble (London: Penguin Books, 2012); Greene, Moral Tribes, op. cit.

169

Greene, Moral Tribes, цитируемая работа; Dan M. Kahan, ‘The Polarizing Impact of Science Literacy and Numeracy on Perceived Climate Change Risks’, Nature Climate Change 2 (2012), 732–5. Противоположную точку зрения см.: Sophie Guy et al., ‘Investigating the Effects of Knowledge and Ideology on Climate Change Beliefs’, European Journal of Social Psychology 44:5 (2014), 421–429.

170

Arlie Russell Hochschild, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right (New York: The New Press, 2016).

171

Greene, Moral Tribes, цитируемая работа; Robert Wright, The Moral Animal (New York: Pantheon, 1994).

172

Kelsey Timmerman, Where Am I Wearing?: A Global Tour of the Countries, Factories, and People That Make Our Clothes (Hoboken: Wiley, 2012); Kelsey Timmerman, Where Am I Eating?: An Adventure Through the Global Food Economy (Hoboken: Wiley, 2013).

173

Reni Eddo-Lodge, Why I Am No Longer Talking to White People About Race (London: Bloomsbury, 2017); Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the World and Me (Melbourne: Text Publishing Company, 2015).

174

Josie Ensor, ‘“Everyone in Syria Is Bad Now”, Says UN War Crimes Prosecutor as She Quits Post’, New York Times, 17 August 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/07/everyone-syria-bad-now-says-un-war-crimes-prosecutor-quits-post/, ссылка актуальна на 18 October 2017.

175

Например, Helena Smith, ‘Shocking Images of Drowned Syrian Boy Show Tragic Plight of Refugees’, Guardian, 2 September 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/02/shocking-image-of-drowned-syrian-boy-shows-tragic-plight-of-refugees, ссылка актуальна на 18 October 2017.

176

T. Kogut and I. Ritov, ‘The singularity effect of identified victims in separate and joint evaluations’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 97:2 (2005), 106–16; D. A. Small and G. Loewenstein, ‘Helping a victim or helping the victim: Altruism and identifiability’, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 26:1 (2003), 5–16; Greene, Moral Tribes, op. cit., 264.

177

Russ Alan Prince, ‘Who Rules the World?’, Forbes, 22 July 2013, https://www.forbes.com/sites/russalanprince/2013/07/22/who-rules-the-world/#63c9e31d7625, ссылка актуальна на 18 October 2017.

178

http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/07/10/anatomy-of-a-trump-rally-76-percent-of-claims-are-false-misleading-or-lacking-evidence/?utmterm=.a846309f7129

179

Matthew Paris, Matthew Paris’ English History, trans. J. A. Gyles, vol. 3 (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854), 138–141; Patricia Healy Wasyliw, Martyrdom, Murder and Magic: Child Saints and Their Cults in Medieval Europe (New York: Peter Lang, 2008), 123–125.

180

Cecilia Kang and Adam Goldman, ‘In Washington Pizzeria Attack, Fake News Brought Real Guns’, New York Times, 5 December 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/business/media/comet-ping-pong-pizza-shooting-fake-news-consequences.html, ссылка актуальна на 12 January 2018.

181

Leonard B. Glick, Abraham’s Heirs: Jews and Christians in Medieval Europe (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1999), 228–229.

182

Anthony Bale, ‘Afterword: Violence, Memory and the Traumatic Middle Ages’ in Sarah Rees Jones and Sethina Watson (eds.), Christians and Jews in Angevin England: The York Massacre of 1190, Narrative and Contexts (York: York Medieval Press, 2013), 297.

183

Фразу часто приписывают Геббельсу, но ни я, ни мой верный помощник не смогли найти подтверждения, что Геббельс когда-либо писал или произносил эти слова.

184

Запрещена в Российской Федерации. – Прим. ред.

185

Hilmar Hoffman, The Triumph of Propaganda: Film and National Socialism, 1933–1945 (Providence: Berghahn Books, 1997), 140.

186

Lee Hockstader, ‘From A Ruler’s Embrace To A Life In Disgrace’, Washington Post, 10 March 1995, ссылка актуальна на 29 January 2018.

187

Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1991), 616–617.

188

Олдос Хаксли. О дивный новый мир. Гл. 17. – Пер. О. Сороки, В. Бабкова.

189

Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald G. Davis (eds.), Encyclopedia of Library History (New York, London: Garland Publishing, 1994), 432–433.

190

Verity Smith (ed.), Concise Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature (London, New York: Routledge, 2013), 142, 180.

191

Cathy N. Davidson, The New Education: How to Revolutionize the University to Prepare Students for a World in Flux (New York: Basic Books, 2017); Bernie Trilling, 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009); Charles Kivunja, ‘Teaching Students to Learn and to Work Well with 21st Century Skills: Unpacking the Career and Life Skills Domain of the New Learning Paradigm’, International Journal of Higher Education 4:1 (2015). Вебсайт P21: ‘P21 Partnership for 21st Century Learning’, http://www.p21.org/our-work/4cs-research-series, ссылка актуальна на 12 January 2018. О применении новых педагогических методов см., например, в публикации Национальной ассоциации образования США: ‘Preparing 21st Century Students for a Global Society’, NEA, http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/A-Guide-to-Four-Cs.pdf, ссылка актуальна на 21 January 2018.

192

Maddalaine Ansell, ‘Jobs for Life Are a Thing of the Past. Bring On Lifelong Learning’, Guardian, 31 May 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2016/may/31/jobs-for-life-are-a-thing-of-the-past-bring-on-lifelong-learning.

193

Erik B. Bloss et al., ‘Evidence for Reduced Experience-Dependent Dendritic Spine Plasticity in the Aging Prefrontal Cortex’, Journal of Neuroscience 31:21 (2011): 7831–7839; Miriam Matamales et al., ‘Aging-Related Dysfunction of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Produces Conflict in Action Selection’, Neuron 90:2 (2016), 362–372; Mo Costandi, ‘Does your brain produce new cells? A skeptical view of human adult neurogenesis’, Guardian, 23 February 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy/2012/feb/23/brain-new-cells-adult-neurogenesis, ссылка актуальна на 17 August 2017; Gianluigi Mongillo, Simon Rumpel and Yonatan Loewenstein, ‘Intrinsic volatility of synaptic connections – a challenge to the synaptic trace theory of memory’, Current Opinion in Neurobiology 46 (2017), 7–13.

194

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (London, New York: Verso, 2012), 34–35.

195

Там же, 35.

196

Raoul Wootlif, ‘Netanyahu Welcomes Envoy Friedman to “Jerusalem, Our Eternal Capital”, Times of Israel, 16 May 2017, https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-welcomes-envoy-friedman-to-jerusalem-our-eternal-capital/, ссылка актуальна на 12 January 2018; Peter Beaumont, ‘Israeli Minister’s Jerusalem Dress Proves Controversial in Cannes’, Guardian, 18 May 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/18/israeli-minister-miri-regev-jerusalem-dress-controversial-cannes, ссылка актуальна на 12 January 2018; Lahav Harkov, ‘New 80–Majority Jerusalem Bill Has Loophole Enabling City to Be Divided’, Jerusalem Post, 2 January 2018, http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Right-wing-coalition-passes-law-allowing-Jerusalem-to-be-divided-522627, ссылка актуальна на 12 January 2018.

197

K. P. Schroder and Robert Connon Smith, ‘Distant Future of the Sun and Earth Revisited’, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 386:1 (2008), 155–163.

198

См., в частности: Roy A. Rappaport, Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999); Graham Harvey, Ritual and Religious Belief: A Reader (New York: Routledge, 2005).

199

Это самая распространенная, но не единственная версия происхождения выражения «фокус-покус»: Leslie K. Arnovick, Written Reliquaries (Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006), 250, n. 30.

200

Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (London: Fontana Press, 1993), 235.

201

Xinzhong Yao, An Introduction to Confucianism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 190–199.

202

‘Flag Code of India, 2002’, Press Information Bureau, Government of India, http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html, ссылка актуальна на 13 August 2017.

203

http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html.

204

https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/195493-Heres-why-Indias-tallest-flag-cannot-be-hoisted-at-Pakistan-border.

205

Stephen C. Poulson, Social Movements in Twentieth-Century Iran: Culture, Ideology and Mobilizing Frameworks (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2006), 44.

206

Houman Sharshar (ed.), The Jews of Iran: The History, Religion and Culture of a Community in the Islamic World (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), 52–55; Houman M. Sarshar, Jewish Communities of Iran (New York: Encyclopedia Iranica Foundation, 2011), 158–160.

207

Gersion Appel, The Concise Code of Jewish Law, 2nd edn (New York: KTAV Publishing House, 1991), 191.

208

См., например: Robert O. Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism (New York: Vintage Books, 2005).

209

Richard Griffiths, Fascism (London, New York: Continuum, 2005), 33.

210

Christian Goeschel, Suicide in the Third Reich (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).

211

‘Paris attacks: What happened on the night’, BBC, 9 December 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994, ссылка актуальна на 13 August 2017; Anna Cara, ‘ISIS expresses fury over French airstrikes in Syria; France says they will continue’, CTV News, 14 November 2015, http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/isis-expresses-fury-over-french-airstrikes-in-syria-france-says-they-will-continue-1.2658642, ссылка актуальна на 13 August 2017.

212

Jean de Joinville, The Life of Saint Louis in M. R. B. Shaw (ed.), Chronicles of the Crusades (London: Penguin, 1963), 243; Jean de Joinville, Vie de saint Louis, ed. Jacques Monfrin (Paris, 1995), ch. 319, p. 156.

213

Ray Williams, ‘How Facebook Can Amplify Low Self-Esteem/Narcissism/ Anxiety’, Psychology Today, 20 May 2014, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201405/how-facebook-can-amplify-low-self-esteemnarcissismanxiety, ссылка актуальна на 17 August 2017.

214

Mahasatipatthana Sutta, ch. 2, section 1, ed. Vipassana Research Institute (Igatpuri: Vipassana Research Institute, 2006), 12–13.

215

Там же, 5.

216

G. E. Harvey, History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 (London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1925), 252–260.

217

Brian Daizen Victoria, Zen at War (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006); Buruma, Inventing Japan, цитируемая работа; Stephen S. Large, ‘Nationalist Extremism in Early Showa Japan: Inoue Nissho and the “Blood-Pledge Corps Incident”, 1932’, Modern Asian Studies 35:3 (2001), 533–564; W. L. King, Zen and the Way of the Sword: Arming the Samurai Psyche (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993); Danny Orbach, ‘A Japanese prophet: eschatology and epistemology in the thought of Kita Ikki’, Japan Forum 23:3 (2011), 339–361.

218

‘Facebook removes Myanmar monk’s page for “inflammatory posts” about Muslims’, Scroll.in, 27 February 2018, https://amp.scroll.in/article/870245/facebook-removes-myanmar-monks-page-for-inflammatory-posts-about-muslims, ссылка актуальна на 4 March 2018; Marella Oppenheim, “It only takes one terrorist”: The Buddhist monk who reviles Myanmar’s Muslims’, Guardian, 12 May 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/may/12/only-takes-one-terrorist-buddhist-monk-reviles-myanmar-muslims-rohingya-refugees-ashin-wirathu, ссылка актуальна на 4 March 2018.

219

Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki, A Concise History of Poland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 163.

220

Daniel Goleman and Richard J. Davidson, Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain and Body (New York: Avery, 2017).